Esxi主机配置文件备份及还原介绍

对于Vmware产品接触还是相当少的，因为公司的主要使用的是Microsoft产品，近期公司上线的OA系统就要创建在Vmware Vsphere主机上，所以公司采购了一台HP 最新的4U(580G9)服务器作为运行ESXI主机的物理设备，当然配置也不会太低，内存：256GB，磁盘：本地2块300G磁盘，用于安装系统，配置Raid1，然后挂载存储链路1T磁盘空间，所有虚拟机都安装在独立磁盘中--存储。主要的问题是仅仅这一台Vsphere Host，所以对于日常的备份相当重要。网上很多帖子说，如果ESXI系统崩溃了，一般都是重装(30分钟)，但是重装后，系统很多配置就没了，所以在维护过程中，我们建议是备份一下ESXI主机的配置文件，这样重装后，然后把备份的配置文件导入后我们会少很多工作量的。所以下面我们就介绍一下如何备份ESXI主机的配置文件及还原。

我们此次使用powercli进行ESXI主机的备份及还原。首先是需要下载powercli工具；首先需要通过vmware注册的账户登录，然后单点下载---搜索powercli 进行相关版本下载

https://my.vmware.com/group/vmware/details?downloadGroup=PCLI630R1_OSS&productId=491

https://my.vmware.com/group/vmware/searchresults?client=my_download&site=my_download&proxystylesheet=my_download_en&gsa_lang=en&c=ALL&q=powercli+6.0

https://my.vmware.com/group/vmware/details?downloadGroup=PCLI630R1&productId=491

下载后，我们准备安装在windows server2012r2上

开始安装

所需组件安装

开始安装

安装完成

安装后会有两个组件，一个是x86，一个是64位的，所以我们一般运行x64位的

运行成功

https://kb.vmware.com/selfservice/microsites/search.do?cmd=displayKC&docType=kc&externalId=2042141&sliceId=1&docTypeID=DT_KB_1_1&dialogID=197519853&stateId=0%200%20197549962

注：如果运行powercli提示错误，我们需要修改powercli的策略，类似windows powershell的命令一样

使用get-executionpolicy查看状态确实为Restricted

使用set-executionpolicy将属性从Restricted更改为remotesigned

我们参考官方文档，使用vsphere Powercli备份esxi主机的配置文件

Using the vSphere PowerCLI 备份

To back up the configuration data for an ESXi host using the vSphere PowerCLI, run this command:

Get-VMHostFirmware -VMHost ESXi_host_IP_address -BackupConfiguration -DestinationPath output_directory

Where ESXi_host_IP_address is the IP address of the ESXi host and output_directory is the name of the directory where the output file will be created.

For example:

Get-VMHostFirmware -VMHost 10.0.0.1 -BackupConfiguration -DestinationPath C:\Downloads

Note: A backup file is saved in the directory specified with the -DestinationPath option.

因为我当前只有一台ESXI主机，192.168.5.188；在导出配置前，我们需要连接到ESXI主机；

如果不会使用命令的话，我们可以先使用命令打开帮助文档

get-powerCLIHelp connect-viserver

例子：Connect-VIServer ESXIHOST_IP -User 'root' -Password 'password'

所以我们使用

Connect-VIServer 192.168.5.188 -User 'root' -Password 'password'

接下来我们可以判断是否连接成功，可以使用get-vm查看当前主机下的所以vm

成功连接到ESXI主机后，接下来我们就是导出ESXI主机配置文件

我们参考官方文档，使用vsphere Powercli备份esxi主机的配置文件

Using the vSphere PowerCLI 备份

To back up the configuration data for an ESXi host using the vSphere PowerCLI, run this command:

Get-VMHostFirmware -VMHost ESXi_host_IP_address -BackupConfiguration -DestinationPath output_directory

Where ESXi_host_IP_address is the IP address of the ESXi host and output_directory is the name of the directory where the output file will be created.

For example:

Get-VMHostFirmware -VMHost 10.0.0.1 -BackupConfiguration -DestinationPath C:\Downloads

Note: A backup file is saved in the directory specified with the -DestinationPath option.

所以我们运行

Get-VMHostFirmware -VMHost 192.168.5.188 -BackupConfiguration -DestinationPath d:\ESXIConfigurationBak

导出成功

如果要还原的话，还是一样的方式，先连接，然后再还原；

Using the vSphere PowerCLI 还原

Note: When restoring configuration data, the build number of the host must match the build number of the host that created the backup file. Use the -force option to override this requirement.

1. Put the host into maintenance mode by running the command:    
        
   Where ESXi_host_IP_address is the IP address of the ESXi host.

2. Set-VMHost -VMHost ESXi_host_IP_address -State 'Maintenance'

3. Restore the configuration from the backup bundle by running the command:    
   
   Where ESXi_host_IP_address is the IP address of the ESXi host, backup_file is the name of the backup bundle to use for the restore, andusername and password are the credentials to use when authenticating with the host.      
   For example:      
   Set-VMHostFirmware -VMHost 10.0.0.1 -Restore -SourcePath c:\bundleToRestore.tgz -HostUser root -HostPassword exampleRootPassword

4. Set-VMHostFirmware -VMHost ESXi_host_IP_address -Restore -SourcePath backup_file -HostUser username -HostPassword password

Additional Information

Note: The information about virtual machines is not stored in the config backup and the virtual machines must be re-inventoried from the datastore browser after a config backup restore. Also, bootbank information is not stored in a config backup. If needed, this must be backed up and downloaded separately in a compressed tar file.

For more information, see:

• Backing Up Configuration Information with vicfg-cfgbackup section in the vSphere 5.1 Command Line Documentation

• Get-VMHostFirmware section in the vSphere PowerCLI Reference

• Set-VMHostFirmware section in the vSphere PowerCLI Reference

Note: if you have installed a version of vSphere later than 5.1, see the Command Line Document and PowerCLI Reference for that version in the VMware Documentation Library.

PowerCLI Notes:

• Remember that the 64 bit version of PowerCLI is installed in C:\Program Files, and the 32 bit version is in C:\Program Files (x86).

• You must always run PowerCLI as Administrator.