目录介绍
- 01.前沿介绍
- 02.handleLaunchActivity
- 03.performLaunchActivity
- 04.activity.attach
- 05.Activity的onCreate方法
- 06.setContentView
- 07.关于一点总结
Activity一系列深度博客，挖掘activity从启动过程，到布局创建，以及绘制的过程。
- 02.Activity基础介绍
- 03.Activity启动流程
- 04.Activity布局创建
- 05.Activity布局绘制
- 06.Activity探坑分析
吕诗禹想换个工作，渴望同行内推
-
个人信息
- 姓名：吕诗禹
- 邮箱：[email protected]
- 微信：13940574490
- GitHub：https://github.com/yangchong211
- 目前工作情况：在职状态
- 工作年限：4年
- 工作地点：北京
- 感谢同行朋友，如果可以，可以直接电话联系或者微信联系！
01.前沿介绍
- 大家都知道在Android体系中Activity扮演了一个界面展示的角色，这也是它与android中另外一个很重要的组件Service最大的不同，但是这个展示的界面的功能是Activity直接控制的么？界面的布局文件是如何加载到内存并被Activity管理的？android中的View是一个怎样的概念？加载到内存中的布局文件是如何绘制出来的？
- 其实Activity对界面布局的管理是都是通过Window对象来实现的，Window对象，顾名思义就是一个窗口对象，而Activity从用户角度就是一个个的窗口实例，因此不难想象每个Activity中都对应着一个Window对象，而这个Window对象就是负责加载显示界面的。至于window对象是如何展示不同的界面的，那是通过定义不同的View组件实现不同的界面展示。
02.handleLaunchActivity
-
当ActivityManagerService接收到启动Activity的请求之后会通过IApplicationThread进程间通讯告知ApplicationThread并执行handleLauncherActivity方法，这里可以看一下其具体实现：
- 可以发现这里的handleLauncherActivity方法内部调用了performLaunchActivity方法。
private void handleLaunchActivity(ActivityClientRecord r, Intent customIntent) { // If we are getting ready to gc after going to the background, well // we are back active so skip it. unscheduleGcIdler(); mSomeActivitiesChanged = true; if (r.profilerInfo != null) { mProfiler.setProfiler(r.profilerInfo); mProfiler.startProfiling(); } // Make sure we are running with the most recent config. handleConfigurationChanged(null, null); if (localLOGV) Slog.v( TAG, "Handling launch of " + r); // Initialize before creating the activity WindowManagerGlobal.initialize(); Activity a = performLaunchActivity(r, customIntent); if (a != null) { r.createdConfig = new Configuration(mConfiguration); Bundle oldState = r.state; handleResumeActivity(r.token, false, r.isForward, !r.activity.mFinished && !r.startsNotResumed); if (!r.activity.mFinished && r.startsNotResumed) { // The activity manager actually wants this one to start out // paused, because it needs to be visible but isn't in the // foreground. We accomplish this by going through the // normal startup (because activities expect to go through // onResume() the first time they run, before their window // is displayed), and then pausing it. However, in this case // we do -not- need to do the full pause cycle (of freezing // and such) because the activity manager assumes it can just // retain the current state it has. try { r.activity.mCalled = false; mInstrumentation.callActivityOnPause(r.activity); // We need to keep around the original state, in case // we need to be created again. But we only do this // for pre-Honeycomb apps, which always save their state // when pausing, so we can not have them save their state // when restarting from a paused state. For HC and later, // we want to (and can) let the state be saved as the normal // part of stopping the activity. if (r.isPreHoneycomb()) { r.state = oldState; } if (!r.activity.mCalled) { throw new SuperNotCalledException( "Activity " + r.intent.getComponent().toShortString() + " did not call through to super.onPause()"); } } catch (SuperNotCalledException e) { throw e; } catch (Exception e) { if (!mInstrumentation.onException(r.activity, e)) { throw new RuntimeException( "Unable to pause activity " + r.intent.getComponent().toShortString() + ": " + e.toString(), e); } } r.paused = true; } } else { // If there was an error, for any reason, tell the activity // manager to stop us. try { ActivityManagerNative.getDefault() .finishActivity(r.token, Activity.RESULT_CANCELED, null, false); } catch (RemoteException ex) { // Ignore } } }
03.performLaunchActivity
-
这个方法也是具体启动Activity的方法，我们来看一下它的具体实现逻辑：
- 从代码中可以看到这里是通过反射的机制创建的Activity，并调用了Activity的attach方法，那么这里的attach方法是做什么的呢？
private Activity performLaunchActivity(ActivityClientRecord r, Intent customIntent) { ... Activity activity = null; try { java.lang.ClassLoader cl = r.packageInfo.getClassLoader(); activity = mInstrumentation.newActivity( cl, component.getClassName(), r.intent); StrictMode.incrementExpectedActivityCount(activity.getClass()); r.intent.setExtrasClassLoader(cl); r.intent.prepareToEnterProcess(); if (r.state != null) { r.state.setClassLoader(cl); } } catch (Exception e) { if (!mInstrumentation.onException(activity, e)) { throw new RuntimeException( "Unable to instantiate activity " + component + ": " + e.toString(), e); } } ... Application app = r.packageInfo.makeApplication(false, mInstrumentation); if (localLOGV) Slog.v(TAG, "Performing launch of " + r); if (localLOGV) Slog.v( TAG, r + ": app=" + app + ", appName=" + app.getPackageName() + ", pkg=" + r.packageInfo.getPackageName() + ", comp=" + r.intent.getComponent().toShortString() + ", dir=" + r.packageInfo.getAppDir()); if (activity != null) { Context appContext = createBaseContextForActivity(r, activity); CharSequence title = r.activityInfo.loadLabel(appContext.getPackageManager()); Configuration config = new Configuration(mCompatConfiguration); if (DEBUG_CONFIGURATION) Slog.v(TAG, "Launching activity " + r.activityInfo.name + " with config " + config); activity.attach(appContext, this, getInstrumentation(), r.token, r.ident, app, r.intent, r.activityInfo, title, r.parent, r.embeddedID, r.lastNonConfigurationInstances, config, r.referrer, r.voiceInteractor); ... return activity; }
04.activity.attach
-
我们继续来看一下attach方法的实现逻辑：
final void attach(Context context, ActivityThread aThread, Instrumentation instr, IBinder token, int ident, Application application, Intent intent, ActivityInfo info, CharSequence title, Activity parent, String id, NonConfigurationInstances lastNonConfigurationInstances, Configuration config, String referrer, IVoiceInteractor voiceInteractor) { attachBaseContext(context); mFragments.attachHost(null /*parent*/); mWindow = new PhoneWindow(this); mWindow.setCallback(this); mWindow.setOnWindowDismissedCallback(this); mWindow.getLayoutInflater().setPrivateFactory(this); if (info.softInputMode != WindowManager.LayoutParams.SOFT_INPUT_STATE_UNSPECIFIED) { mWindow.setSoftInputMode(info.softInputMode); } if (info.uiOptions != 0) { mWindow.setUiOptions(info.uiOptions); } mUiThread = Thread.currentThread(); mMainThread = aThread; mInstrumentation = instr; mToken = token; mIdent = ident; mApplication = application; mIntent = intent; mReferrer = referrer; mComponent = intent.getComponent(); mActivityInfo = info; mTitle = title; mParent = parent; mEmbeddedID = id; mLastNonConfigurationInstances = lastNonConfigurationInstances; if (voiceInteractor != null) { if (lastNonConfigurationInstances != null) { mVoiceInteractor = lastNonConfigurationInstances.voiceInteractor; } else { mVoiceInteractor = new VoiceInteractor(voiceInteractor, this, this, Looper.myLooper()); } } mWindow.setWindowManager( (WindowManager)context.getSystemService(Context.WINDOW_SERVICE), mToken, mComponent.flattenToString(), (info.flags & ActivityInfo.FLAG_HARDWARE_ACCELERATED) != 0); if (mParent != null) { mWindow.setContainer(mParent.getWindow()); } mWindowManager = mWindow.getWindowManager(); mCurrentConfig = config; } -
可以看到在attach方法这里初始化了一些Activity的成员变量，主要是mWindow对象，并且mWindow的成员实例是PhoneWindow实例，这样也从侧面说明了一个Activity对应着一个Window对象。除了window对象还初始化了一些Activity的其他成员变量，这里不再做讨论，继续回到我们的performLaunchActivity方法，在调用了Activity的attach方法之后又调用了：
mInstrumentation.callActivityOnCreate(activity, r.state); -
这里的mInstrumentation是类Instrumentation，每个应用进程对应着一个Instrumentation和一个ActivityThread，Instrumentation就是具体操作Activity回调其生命周期方法的，我们这里看一下它的callActivityOnCreate方法的实现：
public void callActivityOnCreate(Activity activity, Bundle icicle) { prePerformCreate(activity); activity.performCreate(icicle); postPerformCreate(activity); } -
这里代码比较简洁，preOerformCreate方法和postPerformCreate方法我们这里暂时不管，主要的执行逻辑是调用了activity.performCreate方法，我们来看一下Activity的performCreate方法的实现：
final void performCreate(Bundle icicle) { onCreate(icicle); mActivityTransitionState.readState(icicle); performCreateCommon(); } - 原来onCreate的生命周期方法是在这里回调的，其实这里的逻辑在前面几篇文章中有讲述，也可以参考前面的文章。
05.Activity的onCreate方法
-
至此就回调到了我们Activity的onCreate方法，大家平时在重写onCreate方法的时候，怎么加载布局文件的呢？这里看一下我们的onCreate方法的典型写法：
@Override protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.activity_main); } -
无论我们怎么变化，我们的onCreate方法一般都是会调用这两句话的吧？那么这里的两段代码分辨是什么含义呢？我们首先看一下super.onCreate方法的实现逻辑，由于我们的Activity类继承与Activity，所以这里的super.onCreate方法，就是调用的Activity.onCreate方法，好吧，既然这样我们来看一下Activity的onCreate方法：
protected void onCreate(@Nullable Bundle savedInstanceState) { if (DEBUG_LIFECYCLE) Slog.v(TAG, "onCreate " + this + ": " + savedInstanceState); if (mLastNonConfigurationInstances != null) { mFragments.restoreLoaderNonConfig(mLastNonConfigurationInstances.loaders); } if (mActivityInfo.parentActivityName != null) { if (mActionBar == null) { mEnableDefaultActionBarUp = true; } else { mActionBar.setDefaultDisplayHomeAsUpEnabled(true); } } if (savedInstanceState != null) { Parcelable p = savedInstanceState.getParcelable(FRAGMENTS_TAG); mFragments.restoreAllState(p, mLastNonConfigurationInstances != null ? mLastNonConfigurationInstances.fragments : null); } mFragments.dispatchCreate(); getApplication().dispatchActivityCreated(this, savedInstanceState); if (mVoiceInteractor != null) { mVoiceInteractor.attachActivity(this); } mCalled = true; } -
可以发现，Activity的onCreate方法主要是做了一些Acitivty的初始化操作，那么如果我们不在自己的Activity调用super.onCreate方法呢？好吧，尝试之后，AndroidStudio在打开的Acitivty的onCreate方法中如果不调用super.onCreate方法的话，会报错。。。
FATAL EXCEPTION: main Process: com.example.aaron.helloworld, PID: 18001 android.util.SuperNotCalledException: Activity {com.example.aaron.helloworld/com.example.aaron.helloworld.SecondActivity} did not call through to super.onCreate() at android.app.ActivityThread.performLaunchActivity(ActivityThread.java:2422) at android.app.ActivityThread.handleLaunchActivity(ActivityThread.java:2528) at android.app.ActivityThread.access$800(ActivityThread.java:169) at android.app.ActivityThread$H.handleMessage(ActivityThread.java:1421) at android.os.Handler.dispatchMessage(Handler.java:111) at android.os.Looper.loop(Looper.java:194) at android.app.ActivityThread.main(ActivityThread.java:5552) at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Native Method) at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:372) at com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit$MethodAndArgsCaller.run(ZygoteInit.java:964) at com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit.main(ZygoteInit.java:759) -
可以看到如果不调用super.onCreate方法的话，会在Activity的performLaunchActivity中报错，我们知道这里的performLaunchActivity方法就是我们启动Activity的时候回回调的方法，我们找找方法体实现中throws的Exception。。。
activity.mCalled = false; if (r.isPersistable()) { mInstrumentation.callActivityOnCreate(activity, r.state, r.persistentState); } else { mInstrumentation.callActivityOnCreate(activity, r.state); } if (!activity.mCalled) { throw new SuperNotCalledException( "Activity " + r.intent.getComponent().toShortString() + " did not call through to super.onCreate()"); } - 在Activity的performLaunchActivity方法中，我们在调用了Activity的onCreate方法之后会执行一个判断逻辑，若Activity的mCalled为false，则会抛出我们刚刚捕获的异常，那么这个mCalled成员变量是在什么时候被赋值的呢？好吧，就是在Activity的onCreate方法赋值的，所以我们在实现自己的Activity的时候只有调用了super.onCreate方法才不会抛出这个异常，反过来说，我们实现自己的Actiivty，那么一定要在onCreate方法中调用super.onCreate方法。
06.setContentView
-
然后我们在看一下onCreate中的setContentView方法，这里的参数就是一个Layout布局文件，可以发现这里的setContentView方法就是Acitivty中的setContentView，好吧我们来看一下Activity中setContentView的实现：
public void setContentView(@LayoutRes int layoutResID) { getWindow().setContentView(layoutResID); initWindowDecorActionBar(); } -
这里的getWindow方法就是获取Acitivty的mWindow成员变量，从刚刚我们在Activity.attach方法我们知道这里的mWindow的实例是PhoneWindow，所以这里调用的其实是PhoneWindow的setConentView方法，然后我们看一下PhoneWindow的setContentView是如何实现的。
@Override public void setContentView(int layoutResID) { // Note: FEATURE_CONTENT_TRANSITIONS may be set in the process of installing the window // decor, when theme attributes and the like are crystalized. Do not check the feature // before this happens. if (mContentParent == null) { installDecor(); } else if (!hasFeature(FEATURE_CONTENT_TRANSITIONS)) { mContentParent.removeAllViews(); } if (hasFeature(FEATURE_CONTENT_TRANSITIONS)) { final Scene newScene = Scene.getSceneForLayout(mContentParent, layoutResID, getContext()); transitionTo(newScene); } else { mLayoutInflater.inflate(layoutResID, mContentParent); } mContentParent.requestApplyInsets(); final Callback cb = getCallback(); if (cb != null && !isDestroyed()) { cb.onContentChanged(); } } -
这里的mContentParent对象是一个View对象，由于第一次mContentParent为空，所以执行installerDector方法，这里我们看一下installerDector方法的具体实现：
private void installDecor() { if (mDecor == null) { mDecor = generateDecor(); mDecor.setDescendantFocusability(ViewGroup.FOCUS_AFTER_DESCENDANTS); mDecor.setIsRootNamespace(true); if (!mInvalidatePanelMenuPosted && mInvalidatePanelMenuFeatures != 0) { mDecor.postOnAnimation(mInvalidatePanelMenuRunnable); } } ... } -
这里的mDector是一个DectorView对象，而DectorView继承与FrameLayout，所以这里的mDector其实就是一个FrameLayout对象，并通过调用generateDector()方法初始化，我们继续看一下generateDector方法的具体实现：
protected DecorView generateDecor() { return new DecorView(getContext(), -1); } -
就是通过new的方式创建了一个DectorView对象，然后我们继续看installDector方法：
if (mContentParent == null) { mContentParent = generateLayout(mDecor); -
这里初始化了mContentParent对象，这是一个View对象，我们调用了generateLayout方法，好吧，来看一下generateLayout方法的具体实现：
protected ViewGroup generateLayout(DecorView decor) { ... // Inflate the window decor. int layoutResource; int features = getLocalFeatures(); // System.out.println("Features: 0x" + Integer.toHexString(features)); if ((features & (1 << FEATURE_SWIPE_TO_DISMISS)) != 0) { layoutResource = R.layout.screen_swipe_dismiss; } else if ((features & ((1 << FEATURE_LEFT_ICON) | (1 << FEATURE_RIGHT_ICON))) != 0) { if (mIsFloating) { TypedValue res = new TypedValue(); getContext().getTheme().resolveAttribute( R.attr.dialogTitleIconsDecorLayout, res, true); layoutResource = res.resourceId; } else { layoutResource = R.layout.screen_title_icons; } // XXX Remove this once action bar supports these features. removeFeature(FEATURE_ACTION_BAR); // System.out.println("Title Icons!"); } else if ((features & ((1 << FEATURE_PROGRESS) | (1 << FEATURE_INDETERMINATE_PROGRESS))) != 0 && (features & (1 << FEATURE_ACTION_BAR)) == 0) { // Special case for a window with only a progress bar (and title). // XXX Need to have a no-title version of embedded windows. layoutResource = R.layout.screen_progress; // System.out.println("Progress!"); } else if ((features & (1 << FEATURE_CUSTOM_TITLE)) != 0) { // Special case for a window with a custom title. // If the window is floating, we need a dialog layout if (mIsFloating) { TypedValue res = new TypedValue(); getContext().getTheme().resolveAttribute( R.attr.dialogCustomTitleDecorLayout, res, true); layoutResource = res.resourceId; } else { layoutResource = R.layout.screen_custom_title; } // XXX Remove this once action bar supports these features. removeFeature(FEATURE_ACTION_BAR); } else if ((features & (1 << FEATURE_NO_TITLE)) == 0) { // If no other features and not embedded, only need a title. // If the window is floating, we need a dialog layout if (mIsFloating) { TypedValue res = new TypedValue(); getContext().getTheme().resolveAttribute( R.attr.dialogTitleDecorLayout, res, true); layoutResource = res.resourceId; } else if ((features & (1 << FEATURE_ACTION_BAR)) != 0) { layoutResource = a.getResourceId( R.styleable.Window_windowActionBarFullscreenDecorLayout, R.layout.screen_action_bar); } else { layoutResource = R.layout.screen_title; } // System.out.println("Title!"); } else if ((features & (1 << FEATURE_ACTION_MODE_OVERLAY)) != 0) { layoutResource = R.layout.screen_simple_overlay_action_mode; } else { // Embedded, so no decoration is needed. layoutResource = R.layout.screen_simple; // System.out.println("Simple!"); } mDecor.startChanging(); View in = mLayoutInflater.inflate(layoutResource, null); decor.addView(in, new ViewGroup.LayoutParams(MATCH_PARENT, MATCH_PARENT)); mContentRoot = (ViewGroup) in; ViewGroup contentParent = (ViewGroup)findViewById(ID_ANDROID_CONTENT); if (contentParent == null) { throw new RuntimeException("Window couldn't find content container view"); } if ((features & (1 << FEATURE_INDETERMINATE_PROGRESS)) != 0) { ProgressBar progress = getCircularProgressBar(false); if (progress != null) { progress.setIndeterminate(true); } } if ((features & (1 << FEATURE_SWIPE_TO_DISMISS)) != 0) { registerSwipeCallbacks(); } // Remaining setup -- of background and title -- that only applies // to top-level windows. if (getContainer() == null) { final Drawable background; if (mBackgroundResource != 0) { background = getContext().getDrawable(mBackgroundResource); } else { background = mBackgroundDrawable; } mDecor.setWindowBackground(background); final Drawable frame; if (mFrameResource != 0) { frame = getContext().getDrawable(mFrameResource); } else { frame = null; } mDecor.setWindowFrame(frame); mDecor.setElevation(mElevation); mDecor.setClipToOutline(mClipToOutline); if (mTitle != null) { setTitle(mTitle); } if (mTitleColor == 0) { mTitleColor = mTextColor; } setTitleColor(mTitleColor); } mDecor.finishChanging(); return contentParent; } - 可以发现这里就是通过调用LayoutInflater.inflate方法来加载布局文件到内存中，关于LayoutInflater.inflater是如何加载布局文件的，并且，通过对代码的分析，我们发现PhoneWindow中的几个成员变量：mDector，mContentRoot，mContentParent的关系
mDector --> mContentRoot --> mContentParent（包含）
- 并且我们来看一下典型的布局文件：
```
```
- 这里就是整个Activity加载的跟布局文件：screen_simple.xml，其中ViewStub对应着Activity中的titleBar而这里的FrameLayout里面主要用于填充内容。-
然后我们具体看一下LayoutInflater.inflater方法：
public View inflate(@LayoutRes int resource, @Nullable ViewGroup root) { return inflate(resource, root, root != null); } -
这里调用了inflate的重载方法。。。
public View inflate(XmlPullParser parser, @Nullable ViewGroup root, boolean attachToRoot) { synchronized (mConstructorArgs) { Trace.traceBegin(Trace.TRACE_TAG_VIEW, "inflate"); final Context inflaterContext = mContext; final AttributeSet attrs = Xml.asAttributeSet(parser); Context lastContext = (Context) mConstructorArgs[0]; mConstructorArgs[0] = inflaterContext; View result = root; try { // Look for the root node. int type; while ((type = parser.next()) != XmlPullParser.START_TAG && type != XmlPullParser.END_DOCUMENT) { // Empty } if (type != XmlPullParser.START_TAG) { throw new InflateException(parser.getPositionDescription()
}
final String name = parser.getName();
if (DEBUG) {
System.out.println("**************************");
System.out.println("Creating root view: "
+ name);
System.out.println("**************************");
}
if (TAG_MERGE.equals(name)) {
if (root == null || !attachToRoot) {
throw new InflateException("-
通过分析源码，不难发现，主要是通过循环解析xml文件并将信息解析到内存View对象，布局文件中定义的一个个组件都被顺序的解析到了内存中并被父子View的形式组织起来，这样通过给定的一个root View就可以将整个布局文件中定义的组件全部解析。分析完解析布局文件，回到我们的setContentVIew方法，在调用了installDector方法之后，又调用了：
mLayoutInflater.inflate(layoutResID, mContentParent); - 这个方法的含义就是将我们传递的客户端的layoutId对应的布局文件作为mContentParent的子View加载到内存中，这样我们的layoutId作为mContentParent的子View，而mContentParent又是mContentRoot的子View，mContentRoot又是mDector的子View，通过LayoutInflater的inflate方法逐步加载到了内存中，而我们的Activity又持有自身的PhoneWindow的引用，这就相当于我们的Activity持有了我们定义的布局文件的引用，因而Activity的布局文件被加载到了内存中。
07.关于一点总结
-
总结：
- Activity的展示界面的特性是通过Window对象来控制的；
- 每个Activity对象都对应这个一个Window对象，并且Window对象的初始化在启动Activity的时候完成，在执行Activity的onCreate方法之前；
- 每个Window对象内部都存在一个FrameLayout类型的mDector对象，它是Acitivty界面的root view；
- Activity中的window对象的实例是PhoneWindow对象，PhoneWindow对象中的几个成员变量mDector，mContentRoot，mContentParent都是View组件，它们的关系是：mDector --> mContentRoot --> mContentParent --> 自定义layoutView
- LayoutInflater.inflate主要用于将布局文件加载到内存View组件中，也可以设定加载到某一个父组件中；
- 典型的Activity的onCreate方法中需要调用super.onCreate方法和setContentView方法，若不调用super.onCreate方法，执行启动该Activity的逻辑会报错，若不执行setContentView的方法，该Activity只会显示一个空页面。
其他介绍
01.关于博客汇总链接
- 1.技术博客汇总
- 2.开源项目汇总
- 3.生活博客汇总
- 4.喜马拉雅音频汇总
- 5.其他汇总
02.关于我的博客
- github：https://github.com/yangchong211
- 知乎：https://www.zhihu.com/people/...
- 简书：http://www.jianshu.com/u/b7b2...
- csdn：http://my.csdn.net/m0_37700275
- 喜马拉雅听书：http://www.ximalaya.com/zhubo...
- 开源中国：https://my.oschina.net/zbj161...
- 泡在网上的日子：http://www.jcodecraeer.com/me...
- 邮箱：[email protected]
- 阿里云博客：https://yq.aliyun.com/users/a... 239.headeruserinfo.3.dT4bcV
- segmentfault头条：https://segmentfault.com/u/xi...
- 掘金：https://juejin.im/user/593943...