内容简介
在centos6系统中安装配置openldap服务，通过migrationtools工具生成基于linux系统账户相关的ldap账户信息以及通过nfs共享方式在客户端自动挂接ldap用户的家目录
环境准备
1，准备两台及以上centos6操作系统主机，一台用于部署服务端其它用于部署客户端接入ldap认证
2，关闭selinux
3，清空iptables规则
4，配置好yum源，推荐使用阿里云yum源
ldap服务端安装与配置
[root@ldap-server ~]# yum list | grep openldap [root@ldap-server ~]# yum install openldap openldap-clients openldap-servers openldap-devel -y
#openldap配置主目录在/etc/openldap下，默认文件目录如下
[root@ldap-server ~]# ll /etc/openldap/ total 28 drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Jan 10 11:07 certs -rw-r----- 1 root ldap 121 Nov 10 2015 check_password.conf -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 280 Nov 10 2015 ldap.conf drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Jan 10 11:07 schema drwx------ 2 ldap ldap 4096 Jan 10 11:10 slapd.d
#生成hash密码稍后用于配置ldap管理员密码，此处设置的密码为123456
[root@ldap-server ~]# slappasswd
New password:
Re-enter new password:
{SSHA}SpiJ+uf0d1j7bRm6XoLJo9EX3Gk5uzzH
#拷贝服务端配置模版至/etc/openldap并配置，主要修改dc=my-domain,dc=com为自己的域名以及配置rootpw用于后续导入系统帐号信息，如下图所示
[root@ldap-server ~]# /bin/cp /usr/share/openldap-servers/slapd.conf.obsolete /etc/openldap/slapd.conf
参考与
#拷贝DB_SAMPLE模版文件文件至/var/lib/ldap
[root@ldap-server ~]# /bin/cp /usr/share/openldap-servers/DB_CONFIG.example /var/lib/ldap/DB_CONFIG [root@ldap-server ~]# chown ldap. /var/lib/ldap/ -R
#删除默认的ldap配置信息并重新生成相关配置
[root@ldap-server ~]# rm -rf /etc/openldap/slapd.d/* [root@ldap-server ~]# slaptest -f /etc/openldap/slapd.conf -F /etc/openldap/slapd.d config file testing succeeded [root@ldap-server ~]# chown ldap. /etc/openldap/ -R
至此服务配置已经完成，启动ldap服务
[root@ldap-server ~]# service slapd start
Starting slapd: [ OK ]
[root@ldap-server ~]#
生成系统账户并导入ldap
创建/home/ldapuser为ldap用户家目录的上级目录
创建teacher及student组，gid分别为2000和3000（根据实际情况而定） 生成user01-user10归属teacher组
生成user11-users0归属student组
[root@ldap-server ~]# mkdir -p /home/ldapuser
[root@ldap-server ~]# groupadd teacher -g 2000
[root@ldap-server ~]# groupadd student -g 3000
[root@ldap-server ~]# for i in {01..10};do useradd -g teacher -d /home/ldapuser/user$i user$i;done
[root@ldap-server ~]# for i in {11..20};do useradd -g student -d /home/ldapuser/user$i user$i;done
[root@ldap-server ~]# for i in {01..20};do echo user$i | passwd --stdin user$i;done
提取上述用户在/etc/passwd及/etc/group中的信息至临时文件
[root@ldap-server ~]# mkdir /tmp/ldap
[root@ldap-server ~]# cat /etc/passwd | grep -E 'user[0-9]{2}' > /tmp/ldap/passwd
[root@ldap-server ~]# cat /etc/group | grep -E 'teacher|student' > /tmp/ldap/group
[root@ldap-server ~]# cat /tmp/ldap/passwd
安装migrationtools工具生成相应的ldap信息文件
[root@ldap-server ~]# yum install migrationtools -y
修改/usr/share/migrationtools/migrate_common.ph文件第71和74行信息为自己对应的域名信息，如下图所示
[root@ldap-server ~]#vim /usr/share/migrationtools/migrate_common.ph
注意：
根据自己的域名修改
通过migrate_bash.pl生成帐号基础信息文件
通过migrate_passwd.pl和/tmp/ldap/passwd文件生成用户信息文件
通过migrate_group.pl和/tmp/ldap/group文件生成用户信息文件
[root@ldap-server ~]# /usr/share/migrationtools/migrate_base.pl > /tmp/ldap/base.ldif [root@ldap-server ~]# /usr/share/migrationtools/migrate_passwd.pl /tmp/ldap/passwd > /tmp/ldap/passwd.ldif [root@ldap-server ~]# /usr/share/migrationtools/migrate_group.pl /tmp/ldap/group > /tmp/ldap/group.ldif
通过ldapadd命令添加上述生成的信息，主要用过下述参数；其中
-D 参数即为/etc/openldap/slapd.conf中定义的rootdn信息
-w password 中的password为上述使用slappasswd命令时的明文密码（能从命令行看见），不能与-W同时使用
-W 后不跟参数密码在敲下命令后根据提示输入（别人看不见），不能与-w同时使用
-x 使用不加密的协议与ldap服务端通信
-X 使用加密的协议与ldap服务端通信
-f 指定要添加的ldif文件路径
[root@ldap-server ~]#ldapadd -D "cn=admin,dc=bj,dc=uplooking,dc=com" -W -x -f /tmp/ldap/base.ldif [root@ldap-server ~]#ldapadd -D "cn=admin,dc=bj,dc=uplooking,dc=com" -W -x -f /tmp/ldap/passwd.ldif [root@ldap-server ~]#ldapadd -D "cn=admin,dc=bj,dc=uplooking,dc=com" -W -x -f /tmp/ldap/group.ldif
注意：
如果有密码可以这样执行
ldapadd -D "cn=admin,dc=bj,dc=uplooking,dc=com" -w 123456 -f /tmp/ldap/group.ldif
通过ldapsearch查询ldap中的用户组信息
[root@ldap-server ~]#ldapsearch -b "dc=bj,dc=uplooking,dc=com" -x 或者 [root@ldap-server ~]# ldapsearch -b "ou=Group,dc=uplooking,dc=com" -x
安装nfs设置ldap用户家目录为共享
[root@ldap-server ~]# yum install nfs-utils -y [root@ldap-server ~]# cat /etc/exports /home/ldapuser *(rw,no_root_squash) [root@ldap-server ~]# service rpcbind start Starting rpcbind: [ OK ] [root@ldap-server ~]# service nfs start Starting NFS services: [ OK ] Starting NFS quotas: [ OK ] Starting NFS mountd: [ OK ] Starting NFS daemon: [ OK ] [root@ldap-server ~]# chkconfig nfs on [root@ldap-server ~]# chkconfig rpcbind on #配置防火墙 vi /etc/sysconfig/iptables -A INPUT –p tcp –m state --state NEW –m tcp --dport 111 –j ACCEPT -A INPUT –p udp –m state --state NEW –m udp --dport 111 –j ACCEPT -A INPUT –p tcp –m state --state NEW –m tcp --dport 662 –j ACCEPT -A INPUT –p udp –m state --state NEW –m udp --dport 662 –j ACCEPT -A INPUT –p tcp –m state --state NEW –m tcp --dport 892 –j ACCEPT -A INPUT –p udp –m state --state NEW –m udp --dport 892 –j ACCEPT -A INPUT –p tcp –m state --state NEW –m tcp --dport 2049 –j ACCEPT -A INPUT –p udp –m state --state NEW –m udp --dport 2049 –j ACCEPT -A INPUT –p tcp –m state --state NEW –m tcp --dport 32803 –j ACCEPT -A INPUT –p udp –m state --state NEW –m udp --dport 32769 –j ACCEPT
ldap客户端安装与配置
安装openldap客户端软件包并配置/etc/openldap/ldap.conf
[root@ldap-client ~]# yum install openldap-clients nss-pam-ldapd pam_ldap -y [root@ldap-client ~]# vim /etc/openldap/ldap.conf # # LDAP Defaults # # See ldap.conf(5) for details # This file should be world readable but not world writable. #BASE dc=example,dc=com #URI ldap://ldap.example.com ldap://ldap-master.example.com:666 BASE dc=uplooking,dc=com URI ldap://192.168.92.130 #此处为ldap服务端ip #SIZELIMIT 12 #TIMELIMIT 15 #DEREF never TLS_CACERTDIR /etc/openldap/certs
#测试搜索ldap中的用户组信息
[root@ldap-client ~]# ldapsearch -h 192.168.30.192 -x -b "ou=Group,dc=uplooking,dc=com"
配置客户端启动ldap验证
配置/etc/sysconfig/authconfig
[root@ldap-client ~]# sed -i '/USESYSNETAUTH/s/no/yes/' /etc/sysconfig/authconfig [root@ldap-client ~]# sed -i '/USELDAPAUTH/s/no/yes/' /etc/sysconfig/authconfig [root@ldap-client ~]# sed -i '/USEMKHOMEDIR/s/no/yes/' /etc/sysconfig/authconfig [root@ldap-client ~]# sed -i '/PASSWDALGORITHM/s/md5/yes/' /etc/sysconfig/authconfig [root@ldap-client ~]# sed -i '/USELDAP/s/no/yes/' /etc/sysconfig/authconfig
配置/etc/nsswitch.conf，如下图所示
配置pam新增ldap认证
[root@ldap-client ~]# vim /etc/pam.d/system-auth #%PAM-1.0 # This file is auto-generated. # User changes will be destroyed the next time authconfig is run. auth required pam_env.so auth sufficient pam_fprintd.so auth sufficient pam_unix.so nullok try_first_pass auth requisite pam_succeed_if.so uid >= 500 quiet auth sufficient pam_ldap.so auth required pam_deny.so account required pam_unix.so account sufficient pam_localuser.so account sufficient pam_succeed_if.so uid < 500 quiet account [default=bad success=ok user_unknown=ignore] pam_ldap.so account required pam_permit.so password requisite pam_cracklib.so try_first_pass retry=3 type= password sufficient pam_unix.so sha512 shadow nullok try_first_pass use_authtok password sufficient pam_ldap.so use_authtok password required pam_deny.so session optional pam_keyinit.so revoke session required pam_limits.so session [success=1 default=ignore] pam_succeed_if.so service in crond quiet use_uid session required pam_unix.so session required pam_mkhomedir.so skel=/etc/skel/ umask=0077 session optional pam_ldap.so
使用autoconfig命令配置nscd服务，注意替换命令中的ldapserver的IP及basedb信息
[root@ldap-client ~]# authconfig --enableldap --enableldapauth --ldapserver=192.168.92.130 --ldapbasedn="dc=uplooking,dc=com" --enablemkhomedir --update Starting nslcd: [ OK ] [root@ldap-client ~]#service nslcd start
或者
#在字符界面下执行 [root@ldap-client ~]#authconfig-tui 1，步
2，
3，启动服务
[root@ldap-client ~]#service nslcd start
检查：
authconfig-tui会修改很多配置文件，先来检查下
[root@ldap-cliet ~]# grep -v "#" /etc/nslcd.conf |grep -v "^$"
[root@ldap-cliet ~]# grep -v "#" /etc/nslcd.conf |grep -v "^$"
[root@ldap-cliet ~]# grep -v "#" /etc/pam_ldap.conf |grep -v "^$"
[root@ldap-cliet ~]# grep -v "#" /etc/nsswitch.conf |grep -v "^$"
[root@ldap-cliet ~]# grep "USELDAP" /etc/sysconfig/authconfig
安装autofs挂载ldapserver端的用户目录；按图示操作添加相关配置
[root@ldap-client ~]# yum install autofs -y [root@ldap-client ~]# vim /etc/auto.master # # Sample auto.master file # This is a 'master' automounter map and it has the following format: # mount-point [map-type[,format]:]map [options] # For details of the format look at auto.master(5). # /misc /etc/auto.misc /home/ldapuser /etc/auto.ldapuser # # NOTE: mounts done from a hosts map will be mounted with the # "nosuid" and "nodev" options unless the "suid" and "dev" # options are explicitly given. # /net -hosts # # Include central master map if it can be found using # nsswitch sources. # # Note that if there are entries for /net or /misc (as # above) in the included master map any keys that are the # same will not be seen as the first read key seen takes # precedence. # +auto.master
[root@ldap-client ~]# vim /etc/auto.ldapuser * -rw,soft,intr 192.168.92.130:/home/ldapuser/& [root@ldap-client ~]# service autofs start Loading autofs4: [ OK ] Starting automount: [ OK ] [root@ldap-client ~]# ls /home/ldapuser/ [root@ldap-client ~]# cd /home/ldapuser/user01 [root@ldap-client user01]# pwd /home/ldapuser/user01 [root@ldap-client ~]#
测试使用ldapuser登录
