Java并行开发笔记6

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对于持有线程的服务，只要服务的存在时间大于创建线程的方法的存在时间，那么就应该提供生命周期方法。

    在下面的程序中给出了一个简单的日志服务示例，其中日志操作在单独的日志线程中执行。产生日志消息的线程并不会将消息直接写入输出流，而是由LogWriter通过BlockingQueue将消息提交给日志线程，并由日志线程写入。这是一种多生产者单消费者（Multiple-Producer，Single-Consumer）的设计方式：每个调用log的操作都相当于一个生产者，而后台的日志线程则相当于消费者。如果消费者的处理速度低于生产者的生成速度，那么BlockingQueue将阻塞生产者，直到日志线程有能力处理新的日志消息。

 

   不支持关闭的生产者-消费者日志服务

public class LogWriter {
	private static final int CAPACITY = 5;
	private final BlockingQueue queue;
	private final LoggerThread logger;
	
	public LogWriter(Writer writer){
		this.queue = new LinkedBlockingDeque(CAPACITY);
		this.logger = new LoggerThread(writer);
	}
	
	public void start(){
		logger.start();
	}
	
	public void log(String msg) throws InterruptedException{
		queue.put(msg);
	}
	
	private class LoggerThread extends Thread{
		private final PrintWriter writer;
		
		public LoggerThread(Writer writer){
			this.writer = (PrintWriter) writer;
		}
		
		public void run(){
			try{
				while(true){
					writer.println(queue.take());
				}
			}catch(InterruptedException innored){
			}finally{
				writer.close();
			}
		}
	}
}

    一般地，像Logwriter这样的服务在软件产品中能发挥实际的作用，还需要实现一种终止日志线程的方法，从而避免使JVM无法正常关闭。

   一种关闭LogWriter的方法是：设置某个“已请求关闭”标志，以避免进一步提交日志消息。但存在竞态问题，提供可靠关闭操作能够解决该问题，因而要使日志消息的提交操作成为原子操作。具体代码如下：

public class LogService {
	private static final int CAPACITY = 5;
	private final BlockingQueue queue;
	private final LoggerThread loggerThread;
	private final PrintWriter writer;
	
	@GuardedBy("this") private boolean isShutdown;
	@GuardedBy("this") private int reservations;  //预约
	
	public LogService(PrintWriter writer){
		this.queue = new LinkedBlockingQueue(CAPACITY);
		this.writer = writer;
		loggerThread = new LoggerThread();
	}
	
	
	public void start(){
		loggerThread.start();
	}
	
	public void stop(){
		synchronized(this){
			isShutdown = true;
		}
		loggerThread.interrupt();
	}
	
	public void log(String msg) throws InterruptedException{
		synchronized(this){
			if(isShutdown){
				throw new IllegalStateException("...");
			}
			++reservations;
		}
		queue.put(msg);
	}
	
	private class LoggerThread extends Thread{
		public void run(){
			try{
					while(true){
						try{
							synchronized(LogService.this){
								if(isShutdown && reservations == 0){
									break;
								}
							}
							String msg = queue.take();
							synchronized(LogService.this){
								--reservations;
							}
							writer.println(msg);
						}catch(InterruptedException e){
							/* retry */
						}
					}
			  }finally{
				writer.close();
			  }
		}
	}
}

   另外一种关闭生产者-消费者服务的方式就是使用“毒丸（Poison Pill）”对象：“毒丸”是指一个放在队列上的对象，其含义是：“当得到这个对象时，立即停止”。 示例代码如下：

public class IndexingService {
	private static final File POISON = new File("");
	private final IndexerThread consumer = new IndexerThread();
	private final CrawlerThread producer = new CrawlerThread();
	private final BlockingQueue queue = new LinkedBlockingDeque();
	private final File root = new File("root");
	
	
	
	public void start(){
		producer.start();
		consumer.start();
	}
	
	public void stop(){
		producer.interrupt();
	}
	
	public void awaitTermination() throws InterruptedException{
		consumer.join();
	}
	
	
	public class CrawlerThread extends Thread{
		public void run(){
			try{
				crawl(root);
			}catch(InterruptedException e){
				/* 发生异常 */
			}finally{
				while(true){
					try{
						queue.put(POISON);
						break;
					}catch(InterruptedException e1){
						/*  重新尝试 */
					}
				}
			}
		}
		private void crawl(File root) throws InterruptedException{
			/*....*/
		}
	}
	public class IndexerThread extends Thread{
		public void run(){
			try{
				while(true){
					File file = queue.take();
					if(file == POISON){
						break;
					}else{
						indexFile(file);
					}
				}
			}catch(InterruptedException consumed){
				
			}
		}

		private void indexFile(File file) {
			/* ... */
		}
	}	
}