今天安装了Oracle XE，发现并没有自动创建数据库。趁着这个机会顺便观察了把alert log，重新回顾一下数据库手工创建过程。
文章末尾附带了所用到的脚本。
1. 创建SPFILE。
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SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production
on
Fri Sep 1 15:53:26 2006
Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle.
All
rights reserved.
SQL> conn /
as
sysdba
Connected.
SQL>
create
spfile
from
pfile=
'c:\pfile.ora'
;
File created.
SQL> startup nomount
ORACLE instance started.
Total System
Global
Area 146800640 bytes
Fixed
Size
1286220 bytes
Variable
Size
58724276 bytes
Database
Buffers 83886080 bytes
Redo Buffers 2904064 bytes
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2. 创建数据库。
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SQL> @C:\createdb_xe.sql
Database
created.
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需要注意的是，default undo tablespace必须与参数文件中的一致，否则会在创建中途导致实例异常终止。关于原因在第三步中分析。
3. 后台过程。
在创建过程中可以用记事本等文本编辑工具查看alert_xe.log文件，推荐使用PSPad，可以及时查看更新信息。
代码如下：
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Starting up ORACLE RDBMS Version: 10.2.0.1.0.
System parameters
with
non-
default
values
:
sessions = 49
sga_target = 146800640
control_files = D:\ORACLEXE\ORADATA\XE\CONTROL.DBF
compatible = 10.2.0.1.0
db_recovery_file_dest = D:\oraclexe\app\oracle\flash_recovery_area
db_recovery_file_dest_size= 1073741824
undo_management = AUTO
undo_tablespace = undotbs
remote_login_passwordfile= EXCLUSIVE
audit_file_dest = D:\ORACLEXE\APP\ORACLE\ADMIN\XE\ADUMP
background_dump_dest = D:\ORACLEXE\APP\ORACLE\ADMIN\XE\BDUMP
user_dump_dest = D:\ORACLEXE\APP\ORACLE\ADMIN\XE\UDUMP
core_dump_dest = D:\ORACLEXE\APP\ORACLE\ADMIN\XE\CDUMP
db_name = XE
open_cursors = 100
pga_aggregate_target = 16777216
PMON started
with
pid=2, OS id=1008
PSP0 started
with
pid=3, OS id=416
MMAN started
with
pid=4, OS id=332
DBW0 started
with
pid=5, OS id=1088
LGWR started
with
pid=6, OS id=712
CKPT started
with
pid=7, OS id=1028
SMON started
with
pid=8, OS id=412
RECO started
with
pid=9, OS id=1144
MMON started
with
pid=10, OS id=928
MMNL started
with
pid=11, OS id=468
Fri Sep 01 15:55:08 2006
Oracle Data Guard
is
not
available
in
this edition
of
Oracle.
Fri Sep 01 15:56:39 2006
CREATE
DATABASE
xe
USER
SYS IDENTIFIED
BY
*****
USER
SYSTEM IDENTIFIED
BY
*****LOGFILE
GROUP
1 (
'D:/oraclexe/oradata/xe/redo01.log'
)
SIZE
40M,
GROUP
2 (
'D:/oraclexe/oradata/xe/redo02.log'
)
SIZE
40M,
GROUP
3 (
'D:/oraclexe/oradata/xe/redo03.log'
)
SIZE
40M
MAXLOGFILES 5
MAXLOGMEMBERS 5
MAXLOGHISTORY 1
MAXDATAFILES 100
MAXINSTANCES 1
CHARACTER
SET
ZHS16GBK
NATIONAL
CHARACTER
SET
AL16UTF16
DATAFILE
'D:/oraclexe/oradata/xe/system01.dbf'
SIZE
325M REUSE
EXTENT MANAGEMENT
LOCAL
SYSAUX DATAFILE
'D:/oraclexe/oradata/xe/sysaux01.dbf'
SIZE
325M REUSE
DEFAULT
TABLESPACE tbs_1
DATAFILE
'D:/oraclexe/oradata/xe/tbs_1.dbf'
SIZE
50M
EXTENT MANAGEMENT
LOCAL
SEGMENT
SPACE
MANAGEMENT AUTO
DEFAULT
TEMPORARY
TABLESPACE tempts1
TEMPFILE
'D:/oraclexe/oradata/xe/temp01.dbf'
SIZE
20M
UNDO TABLESPACE undotbs
DATAFILE
'D:/oraclexe/oradata/xe/undotbs01.dbf'
SIZE
100M
Fri Sep 01 15:56:42 2006
# 必须进入Exclusive模式。
Database
mounted
in
Exclusive Mode
Fri Sep 01 15:57:30 2006
#首先创建Redo。
Successful mount
of
redo thread 1,
with
mount id 2481107959
Assigning activation ID 2481107959 (0x93e2b3f7)
Thread 1 opened
at
log
sequence
1
Current
log# 1 seq# 1 mem# 0: D:\ORACLEXE\ORADATA\XE\REDO01.LOG
Successful
open
of
redo thread 1
Fri Sep 01 15:57:31 2006
SMON: enabling cache recovery
Fri Sep 01 15:57:31 2006
#接着创建system 表空间。
create
tablespace SYSTEM datafile
'D:/oraclexe/oradata/xe/system01.dbf'
SIZE
325M REUSE
EXTENT MANAGEMENT
LOCAL
online
Fri Sep 01 15:59:35 2006
Completed:
create
tablespace SYSTEM datafile
'D:/oraclexe/oradata/xe/system01.dbf'
SIZE
325M REUSE
EXTENT MANAGEMENT
LOCAL
online
Fri Sep 01 15:59:35 2006
create
rollback
segment SYSTEM tablespace SYSTEM
storage (initial 50K
next
50K)
Completed:
create
rollback
segment SYSTEM tablespace SYSTEM
storage (initial 50K
next
50K)
Fri Sep 01 16:00:26 2006
#再创建undo 表空间，并使用该undo表空间。
#如果这个与参数文件中的不符，将导致实例异常终止。
CREATE
UNDO TABLESPACE UNDOTBS DATAFILE
'D:/oraclexe/oradata/xe/undotbs01.dbf'
SIZE
100M
Fri Sep 01 16:01:06 2006
Successfully onlined Undo Tablespace 1.
Completed:
CREATE
UNDO TABLESPACE UNDOTBS DATAFILE
'D:/oraclexe/oradata/xe/undotbs01.dbf'
SIZE
100M
Fri Sep 01 16:01:06 2006
create
tablespace SYSAUX datafile
'D:/oraclexe/oradata/xe/sysaux01.dbf'
SIZE
325M REUSE
EXTENT MANAGEMENT
LOCAL
SEGMENT
SPACE
MANAGEMENT AUTO online
Fri Sep 01 16:03:09 2006
#创建sysaux 表空间。
Completed:
create
tablespace SYSAUX datafile
'D:/oraclexe/oradata/xe/sysaux01.dbf'
SIZE
325M REUSE
EXTENT MANAGEMENT
LOCAL
SEGMENT
SPACE
MANAGEMENT AUTO online
Fri Sep 01 16:03:14 2006
#创建临时表空间，并激活该临时表空间。
CREATE
TEMPORARY
TABLESPACE TEMPTS1 TEMPFILE
'D:/oraclexe/oradata/xe/temp01.dbf'
SIZE
20M
Completed:
CREATE
TEMPORARY
TABLESPACE TEMPTS1 TEMPFILE
'D:/oraclexe/oradata/xe/temp01.dbf'
SIZE
20M
Fri Sep 01 16:03:15 2006
ALTER
DATABASE
DEFAULT
TEMPORARY
TABLESPACE TEMPTS1
Completed:
ALTER
DATABASE
DEFAULT
TEMPORARY
TABLESPACE TEMPTS1
Fri Sep 01 16:03:15 2006
CREATE
TABLESPACE TBS_1 DATAFILE
'D:/oraclexe/oradata/xe/tbs_1.dbf'
SIZE
50M
SEGMENT
SPACE
MANAGEMENT AUTO
Fri Sep 01 16:03:35 2006
#最后一步才是创建用户表空间。
Completed:
CREATE
TABLESPACE TBS_1 DATAFILE
'D:/oraclexe/oradata/xe/tbs_1.dbf'
SIZE
50M
SEGMENT
SPACE
MANAGEMENT AUTO
Fri Sep 01 16:03:35 2006
ALTER
DATABASE
DEFAULT
TABLESPACE TBS_1
Completed:
ALTER
DATABASE
DEFAULT
TABLESPACE TBS_1
Fri Sep 01 16:03:57 2006
SMON: enabling tx recovery
Fri Sep 01 16:04:05 2006
Threshold validation cannot be done before catproc
is
loaded.
replication_dependency_tracking turned
off
(
no
async multimaster replication found)
Starting background process QMNC
QMNC started
with
pid=13, OS id=1092
Fri Sep 01 16:04:07 2006
Completed:
CREATE
DATABASE
xe
USER
SYS IDENTIFIED
BY
*****
USER
SYSTEM IDENTIFIED
BY
*****LOGFILE
GROUP
1 (
'D:/oraclexe/oradata/xe/redo01.log'
)
SIZE
40M,
GROUP
2 (
'D:/oraclexe/oradata/xe/redo02.log'
)
SIZE
40M,
GROUP
3 (
'D:/oraclexe/oradata/xe/redo03.log'
)
SIZE
40M
MAXLOGFILES 5
MAXLOGMEMBERS 5
MAXLOGHISTORY 1
MAXDATAFILES 100
MAXINSTANCES 1
CHARACTER
SET
ZHS16GBK
NATIONAL
CHARACTER
SET
AL16UTF16
DATAFILE
'D:/oraclexe/oradata/xe/system01.dbf'
SIZE
325M REUSE
EXTENT MANAGEMENT
LOCAL
SYSAUX DATAFILE
'D:/oraclexe/oradata/xe/sysaux01.dbf'
SIZE
325M REUSE
DEFAULT
TABLESPACE tbs_1
DATAFILE
'D:/oraclexe/oradata/xe/tbs_1.dbf'
SIZE
50M
EXTENT MANAGEMENT
LOCAL
SEGMENT
SPACE
MANAGEMENT AUTO
DEFAULT
TEMPORARY
TABLESPACE tempts1
TEMPFILE
'D:/oraclexe/oradata/xe/temp01.dbf'
SIZE
20M
UNDO TABLESPACE undotbs
DATAFILE
'D:/oraclexe/oradata/xe/undotbs01.dbf'
SIZE
100M
Fri Sep 01 16:04:07 2006
db_recovery_file_dest_size
of
1024 MB
is
0.00% used. This
is
a
user
-specified limit
on
the amount
of
space
that will be used
by
this
database
for
recovery-related files,
and
does
not
reflect the amount
of
space
available
in
the underlying filesystem
or
ASM diskgroup.
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至此，一个新的数据库创建完毕。
在该过程中，最好添加用户变量NLS_LANG为AMERICAN_AMERICA.ZHS16GBK，否则有可能出现ORA提示乱码。
Note:
手工创建数据库的话还必须运行catalog.sql,catproc.sql，否则会出现ora-06553错误。
附pfile.ora:
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*.audit_file_dest=
'D:\oraclexe\app\oracle\admin\XE\adump'
*.background_dump_dest=
'D:\oraclexe\app\oracle\admin\XE\bdump'
*.compatible=
'10.2.0.1.0'
*.control_files=
'D:\oraclexe\oradata\XE\control.dbf'
*.core_dump_dest=
'D:\oraclexe\app\oracle\admin\XE\cdump'
*.db_name=
'XE'
*.DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST_SIZE=1G
*.DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST=
'D:\oraclexe\app\oracle\flash_recovery_area'
*.open_cursors=100
*.pga_aggregate_target=16M
*.remote_login_passwordfile=
'EXCLUSIVE'
*.sessions=20
*.sga_target=140M
*.undo_management=
'AUTO'
*.undo_tablespace=
'undotbs'
*.user_dump_dest=
'D:\oraclexe\app\oracle\admin\XE\udump'
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附createdb_xe.sql:
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CREATE
DATABASE
xe
USER
SYS IDENTIFIED
BY
install
USER
SYSTEM IDENTIFIED
BY
install
LOGFILE
GROUP
1 (
'D:/oraclexe/oradata/xe/redo01.log'
)
SIZE
40M,
GROUP
2 (
'D:/oraclexe/oradata/xe/redo02.log'
)
SIZE
40M,
GROUP
3 (
'D:/oraclexe/oradata/xe/redo03.log'
)
SIZE
40M
MAXLOGFILES 5
MAXLOGMEMBERS 5
MAXLOGHISTORY 1
MAXDATAFILES 100
MAXINSTANCES 1
CHARACTER
SET
ZHS16GBK
NATIONAL
CHARACTER
SET
AL16UTF16
DATAFILE
'D:/oraclexe/oradata/xe/system01.dbf'
SIZE
325M REUSE
EXTENT MANAGEMENT
LOCAL
SYSAUX DATAFILE
'D:/oraclexe/oradata/xe/sysaux01.dbf'
SIZE
325M REUSE
DEFAULT
TABLESPACE tbs_1
DATAFILE
'D:/oraclexe/oradata/xe/tbs_1.dbf'
SIZE
50M
EXTENT MANAGEMENT
LOCAL
SEGMENT
SPACE
MANAGEMENT AUTO
DEFAULT
TEMPORARY
TABLESPACE tempts1
TEMPFILE
'D:/oraclexe/oradata/xe/temp01.dbf'
SIZE
20M
UNDO TABLESPACE undotbs
DATAFILE
'D:/oraclexe/oradata/xe/undotbs01.dbf'
SIZE
100M;
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