在Linux下命令ls和dir都有相同的功能:打印当前文件夹目录。

  注:ls 是Linux的原装命令,dir 是原来dos的命令,Linux选择兼容了此个dos命令,所以dir和ls在功能上是一样的。

  1. ls命令

  常见的ls命令有:

  ls # 显示不隐藏的文件与文件夹

  ls -l # 显示不隐藏的文件与文件夹的详细信息

  ls -a # 显示当前目录下的所有文件(包含.开头的隐藏文件)

  注意:total为当前目录下所有文件占用的内存块(block)的大小,即下图第一列数值之和。

  2. Python实现dir -l 命令

  对于利用os模块编写一个能实现dir -l输出的程序,首先得了解一下各个字段的含义,请参考:

  https://baike.baidu.com/item/ls%20-l/5261110?fr=aladdin

  显然难点在于怎样获取文件权限、文件大小、文件创建时间。

  import os

  import time

  import stat

  import math

  from pwd import getpwuid

  from grp import getgrgid

  FILE_PERMS = [

  {'r': stat.S_IRUSR, 'w': stat.S_IWUSR, 'x': stat.S_IXUSR},

  {'r': stat.S_IRGRP, 'w': stat.S_IWGRP, 'x': stat.S_IXGRP},

  {'r': stat.S_IROTH, 'w': stat.S_IWOTH, 'x': stat.S_IXOTH}

  ]

  class Info:

  def __init__(self, name, size_width=0):

  self.width = size_width

  statinfo = os.stat(name)

  mode = statinfo.st_mode

  self.name = name

  fmt = "%b %d %H:%M"

  self.date = time.strftime(fmt, time.localtime(statinfo.st_mtime))

  self.size = statinfo.st_size

  allocated_size = statinfo.st_blocks * statinfo.st_blksize

  f_bsize = os.statvfs(name).f_bsize

  f_block_num = math.ceil(allocated_size / f_bsize)

  self.fsize = f_block_num * f_bsize // 1024

  self.user = getpwuid(statinfo.st_uid).pw_name

  self.group = getgrgid(statinfo.st_gid).gr_name

  self.nlink = statinfo.st_nlink

  self.perm = 'd' if stat.S_ISDIR(mode) else '-'

  for perm in FILE_PERMS:

  self.perm += 'r' if mode & perm['r'] else '-'

  self.perm += 'w' if mode & perm['w'] else '-'

  self.perm += 'x' if mode & perm['x'] else '-'

  # magic method: Overrides method in object

  def __str__(self):无锡人流医院 http://www.0510bhyy.com/

  return "{} {} {} {} {:{width}} {} {}".format(

  self.perm, self.nlink, self.user, self.group,

  self.size, self.date, self.name, width=self.width)

  if __name__ == '__main__':

  total = 0

  dir_list = []

  width = 0

  for x in os.listdir('.'):

  if x[0] == '.':

  continue

  item = Info(x)

  width = max(width, len(str(item.size)))

  total += item.fsize

  dir_list.append(x)

  print('total', total)

  for x in sorted(dir_list, key=lambda z: z.upper()):

  print(Info(x, width))