iOS低功耗蓝牙BLE编程实战

iOS低功耗蓝牙BLE编程实战

最近有两个月没有更新博客了,主要是因为2015年12月,找了实习的工作。接下来将继续为大家提供工作和学习过程中的开发经验。

本人实习的是一家微型打印机制造企业,需要将数据从 iPhoe 通过蓝牙传输到打印机上打印。由于苹果的封闭生态,之前对蓝牙的�限制比较严格,如果要和 iOS 设备通信,必须是经过了 MFI 认证的芯片才可以。近年来可穿戴的智能设备的兴起和蓝牙4.0低功耗模式的到来,苹果也对蓝牙放开了一些限制。所以目前针对 iOS 的蓝牙编程主要就是针对蓝牙4.0以上的低功耗蓝牙,也就是 BLE 模式。

BLE 模式的特点:

  1. 功耗低。
  2. 连接速度很快,连接距离远(100米)。
  3. 相应的传输数据量小,比传统蓝牙传输的小很多,据说单次发送也就20字节。

综上,BLE 模式也就是适合用来做遥控,遥控一下 LED 灯,窗帘,智能电视之类。智能手环和手机的数据同步,防丢器之类的东西。BLE 模式并不适合用来做较大数据量的传输使用。用来传输一些文本信息还可以,但是如果要传输的是图片等较大数据量的�信息速度上就很感人了。

阅读前推荐阅读:iOS低功耗蓝牙 BLE 编程代理方法流程,先对代理流程有个大概的了解。

Bluetooth.h

@property(nonatomic,strong) CBCentralManager *centralManager;
@property(nonatomic,strong) CBPeripheral *peripheral;
@property(nonatomic,strong) CBCharacteristic *characteristic;
@property(nonatomic,strong) NSMutableArray *peripheralArray;

- (void)initBluetooth; //初始化蓝牙
- (void)scanBluetooth; //扫描蓝牙
- (void)stopScanBluetooth; //停止扫描
- (void)connectPeripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral; //连接蓝牙
- (void)disConnectPeripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral; //取消连接蓝牙
- (void)sendData:(NSData *)data; //向扫描到的蓝牙Characteristic 发送数据

Bluetooth.m

初始化蓝牙
- (void)initBluetooth
{
    _centralManager = [[CBCentralManager alloc] initWithDelegate:self queue:nil];//创建CBCentralManager对象
    _peripheralArray = [[NSMutableArray alloc] init];
}
扫描蓝牙
- (void)scanBluetooth
{
    NSLog(@"BluetoothBase scanBluetooth");
    //CBCentralManagerScanOptionAllowDuplicatesKey值为 No,表示不重复扫描已发现的设备
    NSDictionary *optionDic = [NSDictionary dictionaryWithObject:[NSNumber numberWithBool:NO] forKey:CBCentralManagerScanOptionAllowDuplicatesKey];
    [_centralManager scanForPeripheralsWithServices:nil options:optionDic];//如果你将第一个参数设置为nil,Central Manager就会开始寻找所有的服务。
}
停止扫描
- (void)stopScanBluetooth
{
    [self.centralManager stopScan];
    NSLog(@"BluetoothBase stopScanBluetooth,已经连接外设停止扫描或者手动停止扫描");
}
连接蓝牙
- (void)connectPeripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral
{
    [self.centralManager connectPeripheral:peripheral options:nil];
    self.peripheral = peripheral;
    peripheral.delegate = self;     //连接时设置代理
}
取消连接蓝牙
- (void)disConnectPeripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral
{
    [_centralManager cancelPeripheralConnection:peripheral];
}
向蓝牙写入数据:

如果发送的数据过大,就需要做分包处理了。至于传输的最大字节数是多大,就需要和硬件工程师讨论了。我测试的好像达到了单次发送1110字节数。

- (void)sendData:(NSData *)data
{
    [self initBluetoothDispatch];

    if (_characteristic.properties & CBCharacteristicPropertyWrite){
        [_peripheral writeValue:data forCharacteristic:_characteristic type:CBCharacteristicWriteWithResponse];
        NSLog(@"BluetoothBase writeDataToCharacteristic:%@",[_characteristic.UUID UUIDString]);
    }else{
        NSLog(@"没有发现可以写入的characteristic");
    }
}

下面是蓝牙的一些代理方法(CBCentralManagerDelegate):

代理方法:centralManager已经更新状态
- (void)centralManagerDidUpdateState:(CBCentralManager *)central
{
    NSLog(@"centralManagerDidUpdateState:%ld",(long)central.state);
    switch (central.state) {
        case CBCentralManagerStateUnknown:
            NSLog(@"CBCentralManagerStateUnknown");
            break;
        case CBCentralManagerStateResetting:
            NSLog(@"CBCentralManagerStateResetting");
            break;
        case CBCentralManagerStateUnsupported:
            NSLog(@"CBCentralManagerStateUnsupported");
            break;
        case CBCentralManagerStateUnauthorized:
            NSLog(@"CBCentralManagerStateUnauthorized");
            break;
        case CBCentralManagerStatePoweredOff:
            NSLog(@"CBCentralManagerStatePoweredOff");
            break;
        case CBCentralManagerStatePoweredOn:
            [self scanBluetooth];   //很重要,当蓝牙处于打开状态,开始扫描。
            break;
        default:
            NSLog(@"蓝牙未工作在正确状态");
            break;
    }
}
代理方法:centralManager已经发现外设
//扫描到外设,停止扫描,连接设备(每扫描到一个外设都会调用一次这个函数,若要展示搜索到的蓝牙,可以逐一保存 peripheral 并展示)
- (void)centralManager:(CBCentralManager *)central didDiscoverPeripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral advertisementData:(NSDictionary *)advertisementData RSSI:(NSNumber *)RSSI
{
    [_peripheralArray addObject:peripheral];       //保存用于连接的 peripheral
    [PRTBluetoothModel share].peripheralArray = _peripheralArray;

    [[NSNotificationCenter defaultCenter] postNotificationName:@"PRTBluetoothScanUpdatePeripheralList" object:nil];
}
代理方法:已经连接外设
//连接外设成功,扫描外设中的服务和特征
- (void)centralManager:(CBCentralManager *)central didConnectPeripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral
{
    [PRTDispatchModel share].currentDispatchMode = PRTPrinterModeBle;  //将蓝牙模式保存到当前传输模式。

    NSLog(@"didConnectPeripheral:%@",peripheral.name);
    [[NSNotificationCenter defaultCenter] postNotificationName:@"PRTBluetoothScanDidConnectPeripheral" object:nil];

    [self stopScanBluetooth]; //连接成功后停止扫描

    [self.peripheral setDelegate:self];

    //数组中存放两个服务的 UUID
    NSMutableArray *uuidArray = [[NSMutableArray alloc] initWithObjects:[CBUUID UUIDWithString:UUID_String_DeviceInfo_Service], [CBUUID UUIDWithString:UUIDSTR_ISSC_PROPRIETARY_SERVICE], nil];

    [peripheral discoverServices:uuidArray];//发现服务,成功后执行:peripheral:didDiscoverServices委托方法
}
代理方法:连接外设失败
- (void)centralManager:(CBCentralManager *)central didFailToConnectPeripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral error:(NSError *)error
{
    NSLog(@"didFailToConnectPeripheral:%@",error);
}
代理方法:已经发现服务
- (void)peripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral didDiscoverServices:(NSError *)error
{
    NSLog(@"didDiscoverServices:%@",peripheral.name);
    if (error) {
        NSLog(@"didDiscoverServices error:%@",[error localizedDescription]);
        return;
    }

    for (CBService *service in peripheral.services) {
        //发现特征,成功后执行:peripheral:didDiscoverCharacteristicsForService:error委托方法
        [peripheral discoverCharacteristics:nil forService:service];
    }
}
代理方法:已经为服务发现特征

蓝牙都会有几个服务,每个服务都会有几个特征,服务和特征都是用不同的 UUID 来标识的。每个特征的 properties 是不同的,就是说有不同的功能属性,有的对应写入,有的对应读取。蓝牙联盟有一个规范,但是这个也是可以自定义的,所以不清楚的话,联系硬件工程师问清楚。

- (void)peripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral didDiscoverCharacteristicsForService:(CBService *)service error:(NSError *)error
{
    NSLog(@"didDiscoverCharacteristicsForServic:%@",service.UUID);

    CBCharacteristic *characteristic = nil;

    if ([service.UUID isEqual:[CBUUID UUIDWithString:@"这里填你的蓝牙服务的 UUID"]]) {
        for (characteristic in service.characteristics)
        {
            if ([characteristic.UUID isEqual:[CBUUID UUIDWithString:@"这里填你的蓝牙特征的 UUID"]]) {
                self.characteristic = characteristic;//重要,将满足条件的特征保存为全局特征,以便对齐进行写入操作。
                [PRTBluetoothModel share].characteristicWrite = characteristic;
                [self.peripheral setNotifyValue:YES forCharacteristic:characteristic];
            }
        }
    }

    if (error) {
        NSLog(@"didDiscoverCharacteristicsForService error:%@",[error localizedDescription]);
    }
}
代理方法:已经更新特征的值
//获取外设发来的数据,不论是read和notify,获取数据都是从这个方法中读取。
- (void)peripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral didUpdateValueForCharacteristic:(CBCharacteristic *)characteristic error:(NSError *)error
{
    NSLog(@"didUpdateValueForCharacteristic:%@",[characteristic.UUID UUIDString]);
    if (error) {
        NSLog(@"didUpdateValueForCharacteristic error:%@",[error localizedDescription]);
    }

    for (CBDescriptor *descriptor in characteristic.descriptors) //12.23新增
    {
        [peripheral readValueForDescriptor:descriptor];
    }
}
代理方法:已经写入特征的值
//委托方法:已经为特征【写入值】
-(void)peripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral didWriteValueForCharacteristic:(CBCharacteristic *)characteristic error:(NSError *)error
{
    NSLog(@"didWriteValueForCharacteristic:%@",[characteristic.UUID UUIDString]);

    if (error) {
        NSLog(@"didWriteValueForCharacteristic error:%@",[error localizedDescription]);
    }

    [peripheral readValueForCharacteristic:characteristic]; //12.23新增
}
代理方法:已经发现特征的描述
- (void)peripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral didDiscoverDescriptorsForCharacteristic:(CBCharacteristic *)characteristic error:(NSError *)error
{
    NSLog(@"didDiscoverDescriptorsForCharacteristic:%@",characteristic);
    for (CBDescriptor *d in characteristic.descriptors) {
        NSLog(@"Descriptor UUID:%@",d.UUID);
    }
}
代理方法:已经更新描述的值
- (void)peripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral didUpdateValueForDescriptor:(CBDescriptor *)descriptor error:(NSError *)error
{
    NSLog(@"didUpdateValueForDescriptor:%@",descriptor);
    [peripheral readValueForDescriptor:descriptor]; //12.23新增
}
代理方法:已经更新特征的通知状态
- (void)peripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral didUpdateNotificationStateForCharacteristic:(CBCharacteristic *)characteristic error:(NSError *)error {
    NSLog(@"didUpdateNotificationStateForCharacteristic:%@",characteristic);

    [peripheral readValueForCharacteristic:characteristic]; //12.23新增
    [peripheral discoverDescriptorsForCharacteristic:characteristic];
}
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