华为路由器OSPF多区域配置（一）

• OSPF(Open Shortest Path First开放式最短路径优先）是一个内部网关协议(Interior Gateway Protocol，简称IGP）,在企业内网当中应用非常广泛，本位主要介绍OSPF多区域配，以及OSPF链路状态数据库基本分析，OSPF多区域的产生可以增强网络的可扩展性、降低路由器的负载、快速收敛。

• 拓扑配如下图：
  

  每台路由器基本网络配置如下：

  R1配置：
  system-view
  sysname R1
  user-interface console 0
  idle-timeout 1000
  quit
  interface GigabitEthernet0/0/2
  ip address 192.168.1.254 255.255.255.0
  interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1
  ip address 192.168.17.1 255.255.255.0
  interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0
  ip address 192.168.12.1 255.255.255.0
  quit

  R2配置：
  system-view
  sysname R2
  interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1
  ip address 192.168.12.2 255.255.255.0
  interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0
  ip address 192.168.23.2 255.255.255.0
  quit
  R3配置：
  system-view
  sysname R3
  interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1
  ip address 192.168.23.3 255.255.255.0
  interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0
  ip address 192.168.34.3 255.255.255.0
  quit

  R4配置：
  system-view
  sysname R4
  interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1
  ip address 192.168.34.4 255.255.255.0
  interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0
  ip address 192.168.45.4 255.255.255.0
  quit

  R5配置：
  system-view
  sysname R5
  interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1
  ip address 192.168.45.5 255.255.255.0
  interface GigabitEthernet0/0/2
  ip address 192.168.5.254 255.255.255.0
  interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0
  ip address 100.1.1.5 255.255.255.0

  PC1、PC2配置如下：
  
  

  接下来我们配置OSPF多区域，配置如下：

  R1配置
  ospf 1 router-id 1.1.1.1
  area 12
  network 192.168.12.0 0.0.0.255
  network 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.255

  R2配置
  ospf 1 router-id 2.2.2.2
  area 0
  network 192.168.23.0 0.0.0.255
  area 12
  network 192.168.12.0 0.0.0.255

  R3配置
  ospf 1 router-id 3.3.3.3
  area 0
  network 192.168.23.0 0.0.0.255
  network 192.168.34.0 0.0.0.255

  R4配置
  ospf 1 router-id 4.4.4.4
  area 0
  network 192.168.34.0 0.0.0.255
  area 45
  network 192.168.45.0 0.0.0.255

  R5配置
  ospf 1 router-id 5.5.5.5
  area 45
  network 192.168.45.0 0.0.0.255
  network 192.168.5.0 0.0.0.255

  测试让了连通性，用PC1pingPC2，网络互通，如下：
  

  查看R1的链路状态数据库如下：

[R1]display ospf lsdb
OSPF Process 1 with Router ID 1.1.1.1
Link State Database

                     Area: 0.0.0.12

Type LinkState ID AdvRouter Age Len Sequence Metric
Router 2.2.2.2 2.2.2.2 1423 36 80000004 1
Router 1.1.1.1 1.1.1.1 1012 48 80000008 1
Network 192.168.12.2 2.2.2.2 1423 32 80000002 0
Sum-Net 192.168.5.0 2.2.2.2 1039 28 80000001 4
Sum-Net 192.168.45.0 2.2.2.2 1409 28 80000001 3
Sum-Net 192.168.23.0 2.2.2.2 1468 28 80000001 1
Sum-Net 192.168.34.0 2.2.2.2 1409 28 80000001 2
Sum-Asbr 5.5.5.5 2.2.2.2 1393 28 80000001 3

 查看R2的链路状态数据库如下：

[R1]display ospf lsdb
OSPF Process 1 with Router ID 2.2.2.2
Link State Database

             Area: 0.0.0.0

Type LinkState ID AdvRouter Age Len Sequence Metric
Router 4.4.4.4 4.4.4.4 1323 36 80000005 1
Router 2.2.2.2 2.2.2.2 1332 36 80000005 1
Router 3.3.3.3 3.3.3.3 1322 48 80000008 1
Network 192.168.23.3 3.3.3.3 1323 32 80000002 0
Network 192.168.34.4 4.4.4.4 1324 32 80000002 0
Sum-Net 192.168.5.0 4.4.4.4 954 28 80000001 2
Sum-Net 192.168.45.0 4.4.4.4 1361 28 80000001 1
Sum-Net 192.168.12.0 2.2.2.2 1381 28 80000001 1
Sum-Net 192.168.1.0 2.2.2.2 964 28 80000001 2
Sum-Asbr 5.5.5.5 4.4.4.4 1308 28 80000001 1

    Area: 0.0.0.12

Type LinkState ID AdvRouter Age Len Sequence Metric
Router 2.2.2.2 2.2.2.2 1336 36 80000004 1
Router 1.1.1.1 1.1.1.1 927 48 80000008 1
Network 192.168.12.2 2.2.2.2 1336 32 80000002 0
Sum-Net 192.168.5.0 2.2.2.2 952 28 80000001 4
Sum-Net 192.168.45.0 2.2.2.2 1322 28 80000001 3
Sum-Net 192.168.23.0 2.2.2.2 1381 28 80000001 1
Sum-Net 192.168.34.0 2.2.2.2 1322 28 80000001 2
Sum-Asbr 5.5.5.5 2.2.2.2 1306 28 80000001 3

• OSPF路由器分类：区域内部路由器、区域间路由器（ABR如R2和R4、ASBR如R5）、区域外部路由器。
• OSPF区域类型：骨干区域，非骨干区域，非骨干区域又分为：标准区域、特殊区域
• OSPF路由分类：内部路由、外部路由。