剑指offer第二版-二叉树的遍历

本系列导航:剑指offer(第二版)java实现导航帖

二叉树是一种非常常用的数据结构,也是面试的热门词。而二叉树最常见的考点莫过于遍历,剑指offer的第60页介绍树时也着重强调了二叉树遍历的重要性,但书中并未实现。本文将完整地实现二叉树遍历。

主要内容介绍:

方法名称 主要功能
preorderRecursively 前序遍历递归版
inorderRecursively 中序遍历递归版
postorderRecursively 后序遍历递归版
preorderIteratively 前序遍历非递归版
inorderIteratively 中序遍历非递归版
postorderIteratively 后序遍历非递归版
levelorder 层序遍历/宽度优先遍历
package structure;

/**
 * Created by ryder on 2017/6/12.
 * 树节点
 */
public class TreeNode {
    public T val;
    public TreeNode left;
    public TreeNode right;
    public TreeNode(T val){
        this.val = val;
        this.left = null;
        this.right = null;
    }
}
package chapter2;
import structure.TreeNode;
import java.util.*;

/**
 * Created by ryder on 2017/6/13.
 * 二叉树的遍历:
 * 前序(递归,非递归),中序(递归,非递归),后序(递归,非递归),层序
 */
public class P60_TraversalOfBinaryTree {
    //前序遍历递归版
    public static List preorderRecursively(TreeNode node){
        List list = new ArrayList<>();
        if(node==null)
            return list;
        list.add(node.val);
        list.addAll(preorderRecursively(node.left));
        list.addAll(preorderRecursively(node.right));
        return list;
    }
    //中序遍历递归版
    public static List inorderRecursively(TreeNode node){
        List list = new ArrayList<>();
        if(node==null)
            return list;
        list.addAll(inorderRecursively(node.left));
        list.add(node.val);
        list.addAll(inorderRecursively(node.right));
        return list;
    }
    //后序遍历递归版
    public static List postorderRecursively(TreeNode node){
        List list = new ArrayList<>();
        if(node==null)
            return list;
        list.addAll(postorderRecursively(node.left));
        list.addAll(postorderRecursively(node.right));
        list.add(node.val);
        return list;
    }
    //前序遍历非递归版
    public static List preorderIteratively(TreeNode node){
        //stack栈顶元素永远为cur的父节点
        Stack> stack = new Stack<>();
        TreeNode cur = node;
        List list = new LinkedList<>();
        if(node==null)
            return list;
        while(cur!=null || !stack.isEmpty()){
            if(cur!=null){
                list.add(cur.val);
                stack.push(cur);
                cur = cur.left;
            }
            else{
                cur = stack.pop().right;
            }
        }
        return list;
    }
    //中序遍历非递归版
    public static List inorderIteratively(TreeNode node){
        //stack栈顶元素永远为cur的父节点
        Stack> stack = new Stack<>();
        TreeNode cur = node;
        List list = new LinkedList<>();
        while(cur!=null || !stack.isEmpty()){
            if(cur!=null){
                stack.push(cur);
                cur = cur.left;
            }
            else{
                list.add(stack.peek().val);
                cur = stack.pop().right;
            }
        }
        return list;
    }
    //后序遍历非递归版
    public static List postorderIteratively(TreeNode node){
        //stack栈顶元素永远为cur的父节点
        //prevVisted用于区分是从左子树还是右子树返回的
        Stack> stack = new Stack<>();
        TreeNode cur = node;
        TreeNode prevVisted = null;
        List list = new LinkedList<>();
        while(cur!=null || !stack.isEmpty()){
            if(cur!=null){
                stack.push(cur);
                cur = cur.left;
            }
            else{
                cur = stack.peek().right;
                if(cur!=null && cur!=prevVisted){
                    stack.push(cur);
                    cur = cur.left;
                }
                else{
                    prevVisted = stack.pop();
                    list.add(prevVisted.val);
                    cur = null;
                }
            }
        }
        return list;
    }

    //层序遍历
    public static List levelorder(TreeNode node){
        Queue> queue = new LinkedList<>();
        List list = new LinkedList<>();
        TreeNode temp = null;
        if(node==null)
            return list;
        queue.add(node);
        while(!queue.isEmpty()){
            temp = queue.poll();
            list.add(temp.val);
            if(temp.left!=null)
                queue.offer(temp.left);
            if(temp.right!=null)
                queue.offer(temp.right);
        }
        return list;
    }
    public static void main(String[] args){
        //            1
        //              \
        //               2
        //              /
        //             3
        //pre->123  in->132   post->321  level->123
        TreeNode root = new TreeNode(1);
        root.right = new TreeNode(2);
        root.right.left = new TreeNode(3);
        List list_preorderRecursively = preorderRecursively(root);
        System.out.print("preorderRecursively: "+'\t');
        System.out.println(list_preorderRecursively.toString());

        List list_inorderRecursively = inorderRecursively(root);
        System.out.print("inorderRecursively: "+'\t');
        System.out.println(list_inorderRecursively.toString());

        List list_postorderRecursively = postorderRecursively(root);
        System.out.print("postorderRecursively: "+'\t');
        System.out.println(list_postorderRecursively.toString());
        System.out.println();


        List list_preorderIteratively = preorderIteratively(root);
        System.out.print("preorderIteratively: "+'\t');
        System.out.println(list_preorderIteratively.toString());

        List list_inorderIteratively = inorderIteratively(root);
        System.out.print("inorderIteratively: "+'\t');
        System.out.println(list_inorderIteratively.toString());

        List list_postorderIteratively = postorderIteratively(root);
        System.out.print("postorderIteratively: "+'\t');
        System.out.println(list_postorderIteratively.toString());
        System.out.println();

        List list_levelorder = levelorder(root);
        System.out.print("levelorder: "+'\t');
        System.out.println(list_levelorder.toString());
    }
}

运行结果

preorderRecursively:    [1, 2, 3]
inorderRecursively:     [1, 3, 2]
postorderRecursively:   [3, 2, 1]

preorderIteratively:    [1, 2, 3]
inorderIteratively:     [1, 3, 2]
postorderIteratively:   [3, 2, 1]

levelorder:     [1, 2, 3]

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