一、基础概念
1、概念
Kubernetes（通常写成“k8s”）Kubernetes是Google开源的容器集群管理系统。其设计目标是在主机集群之间提供一个能够自动化部署、可拓展、应用容器可运营的平台。
Kubernetes通常结合docker容器工具工作，并且整合多个运行着docker容器的主机集群。
2、功能特性
a、自动化容器部署 b、自动化扩/缩容器规模 c、提供容器间的负载均衡 d、快速更新和快速回滚
3、相关组件说明
3.1、Master节点组件
master节点上主要运行四个组件：api-server、scheduler、controller-manager、etcd。
APIServer：APIServer负责对外提供RESTful的Kubernetes API服务，它是系统管理指令的统一入口，任何对资源进行增删改查的操作都给APIServer处理后再提交给etcd。
schedule：scheduler的职责很明确，就是负责调度pod到合适的Node上。如果把scheduler看成一个黑匣子，那么它的输入是pod和由多个Node组成的列表，输出是Pod和一
个Node的绑定，即将这个pod部署到这个Node上。Kubernetes目前提供了调度算法，但是同样也保了接口，用户可以根据自己的需求定义自己的调度算法。
controller-manager：如果说APIServer做的是“前台”的工作的话，那controller manager就是负责“后台”的。每个资源一般都对一个控制器，而controller manager就是
负责管理这些控制器的。比如我们通过APIServer创建一个pod，当这个pod创建成功后，APIServer的任务就算完成了。而后面保证Pod的状态始终和我们预期的一样的重任
就由controller manager去保证了。
etcd：etcd是一个高可用的键值存储系统，Kubernetes使用它来存储各个资源的状态，从而实现了Restful的API。
3.2、Node节点组件
每个Node节点主要由三个模块组成：kubelet、kube-proxy、runtime。
runtime：指的是容器运行环境，目前Kubernetes支持docker和rkt两种容器。
kube-proxy：该模块实现了Kubernetes中的服务发现和反向代理功能。反向代理方面：kube-proxy支持TCP和UDP连接转发，默认基于Round Robin算法将客户端流量转发到
与service对应的一组后端pod。服务发现方面，kube-proxy使用etcd的watch机制，监控集群中service和endpoint对象数据的动态变化，并且维护一个service到endpoint
的映射关系，从而保证了后端pod的IP变化不会对访问者造成影响。另外kube-proxy还支持session affinity。
kubelet：Kubelet是Master在每个Node节点上面的agent，是Node节点上面最重要的模块，它负责维护和管理该Node上面的所有容器但是如果容器不是通过Kubernetes创建
的，它并不会管理。本质上，它负责使Pod得运行状态与期望的状态一致。
3.3、pod
Pod是k8s进行资源调度的最小单位，每个Pod中运行着一个或多个密切相关的业务容器，这些业务容器共享这个Pause容器的IP和Volume，我们以这个不易死亡的Pause容器
作为Pod的根容器，以它的状态表示整个容器组的状态。一个Pod一旦被创建就会放到Etcd中存储，然后由Master调度到一个Node绑定，由这个Node上的Kubelet进行实例化。
每个Pod会被分配一个单独的Pod IP，Pod IP + ContainerPort 组成了一个Endpoint。
3.4、Service
Service其功能使应用暴露，Pods 是有生命周期的，也有独立的 IP 地址，随着 Pods 的创建与销毁，一个必不可少的工作就是保证各个应用能够感知这种变化。这就要提
到 Service 了，Service 是 YAML 或 JSON 定义的由 Pods 通过某种策略的逻辑组合。更重要的是，Pods 独立 IP 需要通过 Service 暴露到网络中。
二、安装部署
部署方式有多中，此篇文章我们采用二进制方式部署。
1、环境介绍
| 主机名 | IP | 安装软件包 | 系统版本 |
| k8s-master | 192.168.248.65 | kube-apiserver,kube-controller-manager,kube-scheduler | Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server release 7.3 |
| k8s-node1 | 192.168.248.66 | etcd,kubelet,kube-proxy,flannel,docker | Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server release 7.3 |
| k8s-node2 | 192.168.248.67 | etcd,kubelet,kube-proxy,flannel,docker | Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server release 7.3 |
| k8s-node3 | 192.168.248.68 | etcd,kubelet,kube-proxy,flannel,docker | Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server release 7.3 |
软件部署版本及下载链接
版本
kubenetes version v1.15.0
etcd version v3.3.10
flannel version v0.11.0
下载链接
kubernetes网址：https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/blob/master/CHANGELOG-1.15.md#v1150
server端二进制文件：https://dl.k8s.io/v1.15.0/kubernetes-server-linux-amd64.tar.gz
node端二进制文件：https://dl.k8s.io/v1.15.0/kubernetes-node-linux-amd64.tar.gz
etcd网址：https://github.com/etcd-io/etcd/releases
flannel网址：https://github.com/coreos/flannel/releases
2、服务器初始化环境准备
同步系统时间
# ntpdate time1.aliyun.com # echo "*/5 * * * * /usr/sbin/ntpdate -s time1.aliyun.com" > /var/spool/cron/root
修改主机名
# hostnamectl --static set-hostname k8s-master # hostnamectl --static set-hostname k8s-node1 # hostnamectl --static set-hostname k8s-node2 # hostnamectl --static set-hostname k8s-node3
添加hosts解析
[root@k8s-master ~]# cat /etc/hosts 192.168.248.65 k8s-master 192.168.248.66 k8s-node1 192.168.248.67 k8s-node2 192.168.248.68 k8s-node3
关闭并禁用firewalld及selinux
# systemctl stop firewalld # systemctl disable firewalld # setenforce 0 # vim /etc/sysconfig/selinux SELINUX=disabled
关闭swap
# swapoff -a && sysctl -w vm.swappiness=0 # sed -i '/ swap / s/^\(.*\)$/#\1/g' /etc/fstab
设置系统参数
# cat /etc/sysctl.d/kubernetes.conf net.ipv4.ip_forward=1 net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle=0 vm.swappiness=0 vm.overcommit_memory=1 vm.panic_on_oom=0 fs.inotify.max_user_watches=89100 fs.file-max=52706963 fs.nr_open=52706963 net.ipv6.conf.all.disable_ipv6=1
3、kubernetes集群安装部署
所有node节点安装docker-ce
# wget -P /etc/yum.repos.d/ https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo # yum makecache # yum install docker-ce-18.06.2.ce-3.el7 -y # systemctl start docker && systemctl enable docker
创建安装目录
# mkdir /data/{install,ssl_config} -pv
# mkdir /data/ssl_config/{etcd,kubernetes} -pv
# mkdir /cloud/k8s/etcd/{bin,cfg,ssl} -pv
# mkdir /cloud/k8s/kubernetes/{bin,cfg,ssl} -pv
添加环境变量
vim /etc/profile ######Kubernetes######## export PATH=$PATH:/cloud/k8s/etcd/bin/:/cloud/k8s/kubernetes/bin/
4、创建ssl证书
下载证书生成工具
[root@k8s-master ~]# wget -P /usr/local/bin/ https://pkg.cfssl.org/R1.2/cfssl_linux-amd64 [root@k8s-master ~]# wget -P /usr/local/bin/ https://pkg.cfssl.org/R1.2/cfssljson_linux-amd64 [root@k8s-master ~]# wget -P /usr/local/bin/ https://pkg.cfssl.org/R1.2/cfssl-certinfo_linux-amd64 [root@k8s-master ~]# mv /usr/local/bin/cfssl_linux-amd64 /usr/local/bin/cfssl [root@k8s-master ~]# mv /usr/local/bin/cfssljson_linux-amd64 /usr/local/bin/cfssljson [root@k8s-master ~]# mv /usr/local/bin/cfssl-certinfo_linux-amd64 /usr/local/bin/cfssl-certinfo [root@k8s-master ~]# chmod +x /usr/local/bin/*
创建etcd相关证书
# etcd证书ca配置
[root@k8s-master etcd]# pwd
/data/ssl_config/etcd
[root@k8s-master etcd]# cat ca-config.json
{
"signing": {
"default": {
"expiry": "87600h"
},
"profiles": {
"www": {
"expiry": "87600h",
"usages": [
"signing",
"key encipherment",
"server auth",
"client auth"
]
}
}
}
}
# etcd ca配置文件
[root@k8s-master etcd]# cat ca-csr.json
{
"CN": "etcd CA",
"key": {
"algo": "rsa",
"size": 2048
},
"names": [
{
"C": "CN",
"L": "Beijing",
"ST": "Beijing"
}
]
}
# etcd server 证书
[root@k8s-master etcd]# cat server-csr.json
{
"CN": "etcd",
"hosts": [
"k8s-node3",
"k8s-node2",
"k8s-node1",
"192.168.248.66",
"192.168.248.67",
"192.168.248.68"
],
"key": {
"algo": "rsa",
"size": 2048
},
"names": [
{
"C": "CN",
"L": "Beijing",
"ST": "Beijing"
}
]
}
# 生成etcd ca证书和私钥
# cfssl gencert -initca ca-csr.json | cfssljson -bare ca -
# cfssl gencert -ca=ca.pem -ca-key=ca-key.pem -config=ca-config.json -profile=www server-csr.json | cfssljson -bare server
创建kubernetes相关证书
# kubernetes 证书ca配置
[root@k8s-master kubernetes]# pwd
/data/ssl_config/kubernetes
[root@k8s-master kubernetes]# cat ca-config.json
{
"signing": {
"default": {
"expiry": "87600h"
},
"profiles": {
"kubernetes": {
"expiry": "87600h",
"usages": [
"signing",
"key encipherment",
"server auth",
"client auth"
]
}
}
}
}
# 创建ca证书配置
[root@k8s-master kubernetes]# cat ca-csr.json
{
"CN": "kubernetes",
"key": {
"algo": "rsa",
"size": 2048
},
"names": [
{
"C": "CN",
"L": "Beijing",
"ST": "Beijing",
"O": "k8s",
"OU": "System"
}
]
}
# 生成API_SERVER证书
[root@k8s-master kubernetes]# cat server-csr.json
{
"CN": "kubernetes",
"hosts": [
"10.0.0.1",
"127.0.0.1",
"192.168.248.65",
"k8s-master",
"kubernetes",
"kubernetes.default",
"kubernetes.default.svc",
"kubernetes.default.svc.cluster",
"kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local"
],
"key": {
"algo": "rsa",
"size": 2048
},
"names": [
{
"C": "CN",
"L": "Beijing",
"ST": "Beijing",
"O": "k8s",
"OU": "System"
}
]
}
# 创建 Kubernetes Proxy 证书
[root@k8s-master kubernetes]# cat kube-proxy-csr.json
{
"CN": "system:kube-proxy",
"hosts": [],
"key": {
"algo": "rsa",
"size": 2048
},
"names": [
{
"C": "CN",
"L": "Beijing",
"ST": "Beijing",
"O": "k8s",
"OU": "System"
}
]
}
# 生成ca证书
# cfssl gencert -initca ca-csr.json | cfssljson -bare ca -
# 生成 api-server 证书
# cfssl gencert -ca=ca.pem -ca-key=ca-key.pem -config=ca-config.json -profile=kubernetes server-csr.json | cfssljson -bare server
# 生成 kube-proxy 证书
# cfssl gencert -ca=ca.pem -ca-key=ca-key.pem -config=ca-config.json -profile=kubernetes kube-proxy-csr.json | cfssljson -bare kube-proxy
5、部署etcd集群(在所有node节点操作)
解压并配置etcd软件包
# tar -xvf etcd-v3.3.10-linux-amd64.tar.gz
# cp etcd-v3.3.10-linux-amd64/{etcd,etcdctl} /cloud/k8s/etcd/bin/
编写etcd配置文件
[root@k8s-node1 ~]# cat /cloud/k8s/etcd/cfg/etcd #[Member] ETCD_NAME="etcd01" ETCD_DATA_DIR="/var/lib/etcd/default.etcd" ETCD_LISTEN_PEER_URLS="https://192.168.248.66:2380" ETCD_LISTEN_CLIENT_URLS="https://192.168.248.66:2379" #[Clustering] ETCD_INITIAL_ADVERTISE_PEER_URLS="https://192.168.248.66:2380" ETCD_ADVERTISE_CLIENT_URLS="https://192.168.248.66:2379" ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER="etcd01=https://192.168.248.66:2380,etcd02=https://192.168.248.67:2380,etcd03=https://192.168.248.68:2380" ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_TOKEN="etcd-cluster" ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_STATE="new" [root@k8s-node2 ~]# cat /cloud/k8s/etcd/cfg/etcd #[Member] ETCD_NAME="etcd01" ETCD_DATA_DIR="/var/lib/etcd/default.etcd" ETCD_LISTEN_PEER_URLS="https://192.168.248.67:2380" ETCD_LISTEN_CLIENT_URLS="https://192.168.248.67:2379" #[Clustering] ETCD_INITIAL_ADVERTISE_PEER_URLS="https://192.168.248.67:2380" ETCD_ADVERTISE_CLIENT_URLS="https://192.168.248.67:2379" ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER="etcd01=https://192.168.248.66:2380,etcd02=https://192.168.248.67:2380,etcd03=https://192.168.248.68:2380" ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_TOKEN="etcd-cluster" ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_STATE="new" [root@k8s-node3 ~]# cat /cloud/k8s/etcd/cfg/etcd #[Member] ETCD_NAME="etcd01" ETCD_DATA_DIR="/var/lib/etcd/default.etcd" ETCD_LISTEN_PEER_URLS="https://192.168.248.68:2380" ETCD_LISTEN_CLIENT_URLS="https://192.168.248.68:2379" #[Clustering] ETCD_INITIAL_ADVERTISE_PEER_URLS="https://192.168.248.68:2380" ETCD_ADVERTISE_CLIENT_URLS="https://192.168.248.68:2379" ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER="etcd01=https://192.168.248.66:2380,etcd02=https://192.168.248.67:2380,etcd03=https://192.168.248.68:2380" ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_TOKEN="etcd-cluster" ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_STATE="new"
创建etcd启动文件
[root@k8s-node1 ~]# cat /usr/lib/systemd/system/etcd.service
[Unit]
Description=Etcd Server
After=network.target
After=network-online.target
Wants=network-online.target
[Service]
Type=notify
EnvironmentFile=/cloud/k8s/etcd/cfg/etcd
ExecStart=/cloud/k8s/etcd/bin/etcd \
--name=${ETCD_NAME} \
--data-dir=${ETCD_DATA_DIR} \
--listen-peer-urls=${ETCD_LISTEN_PEER_URLS} \
--listen-client-urls=${ETCD_LISTEN_CLIENT_URLS},http://127.0.0.1:2379 \
--advertise-client-urls=${ETCD_ADVERTISE_CLIENT_URLS} \
--initial-advertise-peer-urls=${ETCD_INITIAL_ADVERTISE_PEER_URLS} \
--initial-cluster=${ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER} \
--initial-cluster-token=${ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_TOKEN} \
--initial-cluster-state=new \
--cert-file=/cloud/k8s/etcd/ssl/server.pem \
--key-file=/cloud/k8s/etcd/ssl/server-key.pem \
--peer-cert-file=/cloud/k8s/etcd/ssl/server.pem \
--peer-key-file=/cloud/k8s/etcd/ssl/server-key.pem \
--trusted-ca-file=/cloud/k8s/etcd/ssl/ca.pem \
--peer-trusted-ca-file=/cloud/k8s/etcd/ssl/ca.pem
Restart=on-failure
LimitNOFILE=65536
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
将生成的etcd证书文件拷贝到所有node节点
[root@k8s-master etcd]# pwd /data/ssl_config/etcd [root@k8s-master etcd]# scp *.pem k8s-node1:/cloud/k8s/etcd/ssl/ [root@k8s-master etcd]# scp *.pem k8s-node2:/cloud/k8s/etcd/ssl/ [root@k8s-master etcd]# scp *.pem k8s-node3:/cloud/k8s/etcd/ssl/
启动etcd集群服务
systemctl daemon-reload systemctl enable etcd systemctl start etcd
查看启动状态(任意一个node节点上执行即可)
[root@k8s-node1 ssl]# etcdctl --ca-file=/cloud/k8s/etcd/ssl/ca.pem --cert-file=/cloud/k8s/etcd/ssl/server.pem --key-file=/cloud/k8s/etcd/ssl/server-key.pem --endpoints="https://192.168.248.66:2379,https://192.168.248.67:2379,https://192.168.248.68:2379" cluster-health member 2830381866015ef6 is healthy: got healthy result from https://192.168.248.67:2379 member 355a96308320dc2a is healthy: got healthy result from https://192.168.248.66:2379 member a9a44d5d05a31ce0 is healthy: got healthy result from https://192.168.248.68:2379 cluster is healthy
6、部署flannel网络(所有node节点)
向etcd集群中写入pod网段信息(任意一台node节点上执行)
etcdctl --ca-file=/cloud/k8s/etcd/ssl/ca.pem \
--cert-file=/cloud/k8s/etcd/ssl/server.pem \
--key-file=/cloud/k8s/etcd/ssl/server-key.pem \
--endpoints="https://192.168.248.66:2379,https://192.168.248.67:2379,https://192.168.248.68:2379" \
set /coreos.com/network/config '{ "Network": "172.18.0.0/16", "Backend": {"Type": "vxlan"}}'
查看写入etcd集群中的网段信息
# etcdctl --ca-file=/cloud/k8s/etcd/ssl/ca.pem \ --cert-file=/cloud/k8s/etcd/ssl/server.pem \ --key-file=/cloud/k8s/etcd/ssl/server-key.pem \ --endpoints="https://192.168.248.66:2379,https://192.168.248.67:2379,https://192.168.248.68:2379" \ get /coreos.com/network/config # [root@k8s-node1 ssl]# etcdctl --ca-file=/cloud/k8s/etcd/ssl/ca.pem \ > --cert-file=/cloud/k8s/etcd/ssl/server.pem \ > --key-file=/cloud/k8s/etcd/ssl/server-key.pem \ > --endpoints="https://192.168.248.66:2379,https://192.168.248.67:2379,https://192.168.248.68:2379" \ > ls /coreos.com/network/subnets /coreos.com/network/subnets/172.18.95.0-24 /coreos.com/network/subnets/172.18.22.0-24 /coreos.com/network/subnets/172.18.54.0-24
解压并配置flannel网络插件
# tar xf flannel-v0.11.0-linux-amd64.tar.gz # mv flanneld mk-docker-opts.sh /cloud/k8s/kubernetes/bin/
配置flannel
[root@k8s-node1 cfg]# cat /cloud/k8s/kubernetes/cfg/flanneld FLANNEL_OPTIONS="--etcd-endpoints=https://192.168.248.66:2379,https://192.168.248.67:2379,https://192.168.248.68:2379 -etcd-cafile=/cloud/k8s/etcd/ssl/ca.pem -etcd-certfile=/cloud/k8s/etcd/ssl/server.pem -etcd-keyfile=/cloud/k8s/etcd/ssl/server-key.pem"
配置flanneld启动文件
[root@k8s-node1 cfg]# cat /usr/lib/systemd/system/flanneld.service [Unit] Description=Flanneld overlay address etcd agent After=network-online.target network.target Before=docker.service [Service] Type=notify EnvironmentFile=/cloud/k8s/kubernetes/cfg/flanneld ExecStart=/cloud/k8s/kubernetes/bin/flanneld --ip-masq $FLANNEL_OPTIONS ExecStartPost=/cloud/k8s/kubernetes/bin/mk-docker-opts.sh -k DOCKER_NETWORK_OPTIONS -d /run/flannel/subnet.env Restart=on-failure [Install] WantedBy=multi-user.target
配置Docker启动指定子网段
[root@k8s-node1 cfg]# cat /usr/lib/systemd/system/docker.service [Unit] Description=Docker Application Container Engine Documentation=https://docs.docker.com After=network-online.target firewalld.service Wants=network-online.target [Service] Type=notify EnvironmentFile=/run/flannel/subnet.env # the default is not to use systemd for cgroups because the delegate issues still # exists and systemd currently does not support the cgroup feature set required # for containers run by docker ExecStart=/usr/bin/dockerd $DOCKER_NETWORK_OPTIONS ExecReload=/bin/kill -s HUP $MAINPID # Having non-zero Limit*s causes performance problems due to accounting overhead # in the kernel. We recommend using cgroups to do container-local accounting. LimitNOFILE=infinity LimitNPROC=infinity LimitCORE=infinity # Uncomment TasksMax if your systemd version supports it. # Only systemd 226 and above support this version. #TasksMax=infinity TimeoutStartSec=0 # set delegate yes so that systemd does not reset the cgroups of docker containers Delegate=yes # kill only the docker process, not all processes in the cgroup KillMode=process # restart the docker process if it exits prematurely Restart=on-failure StartLimitBurst=3 StartLimitInterval=60s [Install] WantedBy=multi-user.target
启动服务
systemctl daemon-reload systemctl start flanneld systemctl enable flanneld systemctl restart docker
验证fiannel网络配置
node节点之间相互ping测docker0网卡的ip地址，能ping通说明flanneld网络插件部署成功。
7、部署master节点组件
解压master节点安装包
# tar xf kubernetes-server-linux-amd64.tar.gz
# cp kubernetes//server/bin/{kube-scheduler,kube-apiserver,kube-controller-manager,kubectl} /cloud/k8s/kubernetes/bin/
配置kubernetes相关证书
# cp /data/ssl_config/kubernetes/*.pem /cloud/k8s/kubernetes/ssl/
部署 kube-apiserver 组件
创建 TLS Bootstrapping Token
[root@k8s-master cfg]# head -c 16 /dev/urandom | od -An -t x | tr -d ' ' #生成随机字符串 [root@k8s-master cfg]# pwd /cloud/k8s/kubernetes/cfg [root@k8s-master cfg]# cat token.csv a081e7ba91d597006cbdacfa8ee114ac,kubelet-bootstrap,10001,"system:kubelet-bootstrap"
apiserver配置文件
[root@k8s-master cfg]# cat kube-apiserver KUBE_APISERVER_OPTS="--logtostderr=true \ --v=4 \ --etcd-servers=https://192.168.248.66:2379,https://192.168.248.67:2379,https://192.168.248.68:2379 \ --bind-address=192.168.248.65 \ --secure-port=6443 \ --advertise-address=192.168.248.65 \ --allow-privileged=true \ --service-cluster-ip-range=10.0.0.0/24 \ --admission-control=NamespaceLifecycle,LimitRanger,SecurityContextDeny,ServiceAccount,ResourceQuota,NodeRestriction \ --authorization-mode=RBAC,Node \ --enable-bootstrap-token-auth \ --token-auth-file=/cloud/k8s/kubernetes/cfg/token.csv \ --service-node-port-range=30000-50000 \ --tls-cert-file=/cloud/k8s/kubernetes/ssl/server.pem \ --tls-private-key-file=/cloud/k8s/kubernetes/ssl/server-key.pem \ --client-ca-file=/cloud/k8s/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \ --service-account-key-file=/cloud/k8s/kubernetes/ssl/ca-key.pem \ --etcd-cafile=/cloud/k8s/etcd/ssl/ca.pem \ --etcd-certfile=/cloud/k8s/etcd/ssl/server.pem \ --etcd-keyfile=/cloud/k8s/etcd/ssl/server-key.pem"
kube-apiserver启动文件
[root@k8s-master cfg]# cat /usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-apiserver.service [Unit] Description=Kubernetes API Server Documentation=https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes [Service] EnvironmentFile=-/cloud/k8s/kubernetes/cfg/kube-apiserver ExecStart=/cloud/k8s/kubernetes/bin/kube-apiserver $KUBE_APISERVER_OPTS Restart=on-failure [Install] WantedBy=multi-user.target
启动kube-apiserver服务
[root@k8s-master cfg]# systemctl daemon-reload [root@k8s-master cfg]# systemctl enable kube-apiserver [root@k8s-master cfg]# systemctl start kube-apiserver [root@k8s-master cfg]# ps -ef |grep kube-apiserver root 1050 1 4 09:02 ? 00:25:21 /cloud/k8s/kubernetes/bin/kube-apiserver --logtostderr=true --v=4 --etcd-servers=https://192.168.248.66:2379,https://192.168.248.67:2379,https://192.168.248.68:2379 --bind-address=192.168.248.65 --secure-port=6443 --advertise-address=192.168.248.65 --allow-privileged=true --service-cluster-ip-range=10.0.0.0/24 --admission-control=NamespaceLifecycle,LimitRanger,SecurityContextDeny,ServiceAccount,ResourceQuota,NodeRestriction --authorization-mode=RBAC,Node --enable-bootstrap-token-auth --token-auth-file=/cloud/k8s/kubernetes/cfg/token.csv --service-node-port-range=30000-50000 --tls-cert-file=/cloud/k8s/kubernetes/ssl/server.pem --tls-private-key-file=/cloud/k8s/kubernetes/ssl/server-key.pem --client-ca-file=/cloud/k8s/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem --service-account-key-file=/cloud/k8s/kubernetes/ssl/ca-key.pem --etcd-cafile=/cloud/k8s/etcd/ssl/ca.pem --etcd-certfile=/cloud/k8s/etcd/ssl/server.pem --etcd-keyfile=/cloud/k8s/etcd/ssl/server-key.pem root 1888 1083 0 18:15 pts/0 00:00:00 grep --color=auto kube-apiserve
部署kube-scheduler组件
创建kube-scheduler配置文件
[root@k8s-master cfg]# cat /cloud/k8s/kubernetes/cfg/kube-scheduler KUBE_SCHEDULER_OPTS="--logtostderr=true --v=4 --master=127.0.0.1:8080 --leader-elect"
创建kube-scheduler启动文件
[root@k8s-master cfg]# cat /usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-scheduler.service [Unit] Description=Kubernetes Scheduler Documentation=https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes [Service] EnvironmentFile=-/cloud/k8s/kubernetes/cfg/kube-scheduler ExecStart=/cloud/k8s/kubernetes/bin/kube-scheduler $KUBE_SCHEDULER_OPTS Restart=on-failure [Install] WantedBy=multi-user.target
启动kube-scheduler服务
[root@k8s-master cfg]# systemctl daemon-reload [root@k8s-master cfg]# systemctl enable kube-scheduler.service [root@k8s-master cfg]# systemctl start kube-scheduler.service [root@k8s-master cfg]# ps -ef |grep kube-scheduler root 1716 1 0 16:12 ? 00:00:19 /cloud/k8s/kubernetes/bin/kube-scheduler --logtostderr=true --v=4 --master=127.0.0.1:8080 --leader-elect root 1897 1083 0 18:21 pts/0 00:00:00 grep --color=auto kube-scheduler
部署kube-controller-manager组件
创建kube-controller-manager配置文件
[root@k8s-master cfg]# cat /cloud/k8s/kubernetes/cfg/kube-controller-manager KUBE_CONTROLLER_MANAGER_OPTS="--logtostderr=true \ --v=4 \ --master=127.0.0.1:8080 \ --leader-elect=true \ --address=127.0.0.1 \ --service-cluster-ip-range=10.0.0.0/24 \ --cluster-name=kubernetes \ --cluster-signing-cert-file=/cloud/k8s/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \ --cluster-signing-key-file=/cloud/k8s/kubernetes/ssl/ca-key.pem \ --root-ca-file=/cloud/k8s/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \ --service-account-private-key-file=/cloud/k8s/kubernetes/ssl/ca-key.pem"
创建kube-controller-manager启动文件
[root@k8s-master cfg]# cat /usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-controller-manager.service [Unit] Description=Kubernetes Controller Manager Documentation=https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes [Service] EnvironmentFile=/cloud/k8s/kubernetes/cfg/kube-controller-manager ExecStart=/cloud/k8s/kubernetes/bin/kube-controller-manager $KUBE_CONTROLLER_MANAGER_OPTS Restart=on-failure [Install] WantedBy=multi-user.target
启动kube-controller-manager服务
[root@k8s-master cfg]# systemctl daemon-reload [root@k8s-master cfg]# systemctl enable kube-controller-manager [root@k8s-master cfg]# systemctl start kube-controller-manager [root@k8s-master cfg]# ps -ef |grep kube-controller-manager root 1709 1 2 16:12 ? 00:03:11 /cloud/k8s/kubernetes/bin/kube-controller-manager --logtostderr=true --v=4 --master=127.0.0.1:8080 --leader-elect=true --address=127.0.0.1 --service-cluster-ip-range=10.0.0.0/24 --cluster-name=kubernetes --cluster-signing-cert-file=/cloud/k8s/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem --cluster-signing-key-file=/cloud/k8s/kubernetes/ssl/ca-key.pem --root-ca-file=/cloud/k8s/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem --service-account-private-key-file=/cloud/k8s/kubernetes/ssl/ca-key.pem root 1907 1083 0 18:29 pts/0 00:00:00 grep --color=auto kube-controller-manager
查看集群状态
[root@k8s-master cfg]# kubectl get cs
NAME STATUS MESSAGE ERROR
controller-manager Healthy ok
scheduler Healthy ok
etcd-0 Healthy {"health":"true"}
etcd-2 Healthy {"health":"true"}
etcd-1 Healthy {"health":"true"}
8、部署node节点组件(所有node节点操作)
解压node节点安装包
[root@k8s-node1 install]# tar xf kubernetes-node-linux-amd64.tar.gz
[root@k8s-node1 install]# cp kubernetes/node/bin/{kubelet,kube-proxy} /cloud/k8s/kubernetes/bin/
创建kubelet bootstrap.kubeconfig 文件
[root@k8s-master kubernetes]# cat environment.sh
# 创建kubelet bootstrapping kubeconfig
BOOTSTRAP_TOKEN=a081e7ba91d597006cbdacfa8ee114ac
KUBE_APISERVER="https://192.168.248.65:6443"
# 设置集群参数
kubectl config set-cluster kubernetes \
--certificate-authority=./ca.pem \
--embed-certs=true \
--server=${KUBE_APISERVER} \
--kubeconfig=bootstrap.kubeconfig
# 设置客户端认证参数
kubectl config set-credentials kubelet-bootstrap \
--token=${BOOTSTRAP_TOKEN} \
--kubeconfig=bootstrap.kubeconfig
# 设置上下文参数
kubectl config set-context default \
--cluster=kubernetes \
--user=kubelet-bootstrap \
--kubeconfig=bootstrap.kubeconfig
# 设置默认上下文
kubectl config use-context default --kubeconfig=bootstrap.kubeconfig
# 执行environment.sh生成bootstrap.kubeconfig[object Object]
创建 kubelet.kubeconfig 文件
[root@k8s-master kubernetes]# cat envkubelet.kubeconfig.sh
# 创建kubelet bootstrapping kubeconfig
BOOTSTRAP_TOKEN=a081e7ba91d597006cbdacfa8ee114ac
KUBE_APISERVER="
:6443"
# 设置集群参数
kubectl config set-cluster kubernetes \
--certificate-authority=./ca.pem \
--embed-certs=true \
--server=${KUBE_APISERVER} \
--kubeconfig=kubelet.kubeconfig
# 设置客户端认证参数
kubectl config set-credentials kubelet \
--token=${BOOTSTRAP_TOKEN} \
--kubeconfig=kubelet.kubeconfig
# 设置上下文参数
kubectl config set-context default \
--cluster=kubernetes \
--user=kubelet \
--kubeconfig=kubelet.kubeconfig
# 设置默认上下文
kubectl config use-context default --kubeconfig=kubelet.kubeconfig
#执行envkubelet.kubeconfig.sh脚本，生成kubelet.kubeconfig[object Object]
创建kube-proxy.kubeconfig文件
[root@k8s-master kubernetes]# cat env_proxy.sh
# 创建kube-proxy kubeconfig文件
BOOTSTRAP_TOKEN=a081e7ba91d597006cbdacfa8ee114ac
KUBE_APISERVER="https://192.168.248.65:6443"
kubectl config set-cluster kubernetes \
--certificate-authority=./ca.pem \
--embed-certs=true \
--server=${KUBE_APISERVER} \
--kubeconfig=kube-proxy.kubeconfig
kubectl config set-credentials kube-proxy \
--client-certificate=./kube-proxy.pem \
--client-key=./kube-proxy-key.pem \
--embed-certs=true \
--kubeconfig=kube-proxy.kubeconfig
kubectl config set-context default \
--cluster=kubernetes \
--user=kube-proxy \
--kubeconfig=kube-proxy.kubeconfig
kubectl config use-context default --kubeconfig=kube-proxy.kubeconfig
#执行env_proxy.sh脚本生成kube-proxy.kubeconfig文件
将以上生成的kubeconfig复制到所有node节点
[root@k8s-master kubernetes]# scp bootstrap.kubeconfig kubelet.kubeconfig kube-proxy.kubeconfig k8s-node1:/cloud/k8s/kubernetes/cfg/ [root@k8s-master kubernetes]# scp bootstrap.kubeconfig kubelet.kubeconfig kube-proxy.kubeconfig k8s-node2:/cloud/k8s/kubernetes/cfg/ [root@k8s-master kubernetes]# scp bootstrap.kubeconfig kubelet.kubeconfig kube-proxy.kubeconfig k8s-node3:/cloud/k8s/kubernetes/cfg/
所有node节点创建kubelet 参数配置模板文件
[root@k8s-node1 cfg]# cat kubelet.config kind: KubeletConfiguration apiVersion: kubelet.config.k8s.io/v1beta1 address: 192.168.248.66 port: 10250 readOnlyPort: 10255 cgroupDriver: cgroupfs clusterDNS: ["10.0.0.2"] clusterDomain: cluster.local. failSwapOn: false authentication: anonymous: enabled: true [root@k8s-node2 cfg]# cat kubelet.config kind: KubeletConfiguration apiVersion: kubelet.config.k8s.io/v1beta1 address: 192.168.248.67 port: 10250 readOnlyPort: 10255 cgroupDriver: cgroupfs clusterDNS: ["10.0.0.2"] clusterDomain: cluster.local. failSwapOn: false authentication: anonymous: enabled: true [root@k8s-node3 cfg]# cat kubelet.config kind: KubeletConfiguration apiVersion: kubelet.config.k8s.io/v1beta1 address: 192.168.248.68 port: 10250 readOnlyPort: 10255 cgroupDriver: cgroupfs clusterDNS: ["10.0.0.2"] clusterDomain: cluster.local. failSwapOn: false authentication: anonymous: enabled: true
创建kubelet配置文件
[root@k8s-node1 cfg]# cat /cloud/k8s/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet KUBELET_OPTS="--logtostderr=true \ --v=4 \ --hostname-override=k8s-node1 \ --kubeconfig=/cloud/k8s/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet.kubeconfig \ --bootstrap-kubeconfig=/cloud/k8s/kubernetes/cfg/bootstrap.kubeconfig \ --config=/cloud/k8s/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet.config \ --cert-dir=/cloud/k8s/kubernetes/ssl \ --pod-infra-container-image=registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google-containers/pause-amd64:3.0" [root@k8s-node2 cfg]# cat /cloud/k8s/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet KUBELET_OPTS="--logtostderr=true \ --v=4 \ --hostname-override=k8s-node2 \ --kubeconfig=/cloud/k8s/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet.kubeconfig \ --bootstrap-kubeconfig=/cloud/k8s/kubernetes/cfg/bootstrap.kubeconfig \ --config=/cloud/k8s/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet.config \ --cert-dir=/cloud/k8s/kubernetes/ssl \ --pod-infra-container-image=registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google-containers/pause-amd64:3.0" [root@k8s-node3 cfg]# cat /cloud/k8s/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet KUBELET_OPTS="--logtostderr=true \ --v=4 \ --hostname-override=k8s-node3 \ --kubeconfig=/cloud/k8s/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet.kubeconfig \ --bootstrap-kubeconfig=/cloud/k8s/kubernetes/cfg/bootstrap.kubeconfig \ --config=/cloud/k8s/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet.config \ --cert-dir=/cloud/k8s/kubernetes/ssl \ --pod-infra-container-image=registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google-containers/pause-amd64:3.0"
创建kubelet启动文件
[root@k8s-node1 cfg]# cat /usr/lib/systemd/system/kubelet.service [Unit] Description=Kubernetes Kubelet After=docker.service Requires=docker.service [Service] EnvironmentFile=/cloud/k8s/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet ExecStart=/cloud/k8s/kubernetes/bin/kubelet $KUBELET_OPTS Restart=on-failure KillMode=process [Install] WantedBy=multi-user.target
将kubelet-bootstrap用户绑定到系统集群角色(不绑定角色，kubelet将无法启动成功)
kubectl create clusterrolebinding kubelet-bootstrap \ --clusterrole=system:node-bootstrapper \ --user=kubelet-bootstrap
启动kubelet服务(所有node节点)
[root@k8s-node1 cfg]# systemctl daemon-reload [root@k8s-node1 cfg]# systemctl enable kubelet [root@k8s-node1 cfg]# systemctl start kubelet [root@k8s-node1 cfg]# ps -ef |grep kubelet root 3306 1 2 09:02 ? 00:14:47 /cloud/k8s/kubernetes/bin/kubelet --logtostderr=true --v=4 --hostname-override=k8s-node1 --kubeconfig=/cloud/k8s/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet.kubeconfig --bootstrap-kubeconfig=/cloud/k8s/kubernetes/cfg/bootstrap.kubeconfig --config=/cloud/k8s/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet.config --cert-dir=/cloud/k8s/kubernetes/ssl --pod-infra-container-image=registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google-containers/pause-amd64:3.0 root 87181 12020 0 19:22 pts/0 00:00:00 grep --color=auto kubelet
在master节点上approve kubelet CSR 请求
kubectl get csr kubectl certificate approve $NAME csr 状态变为 Approved,Issued 即可
查看集群状态及node节点
[root@k8s-master kubernetes]# kubectl get cs,node
NAME STATUS MESSAGE ERROR
componentstatus/controller-manager Healthy ok
componentstatus/scheduler Healthy ok
componentstatus/etcd-2 Healthy {"health":"true"}
componentstatus/etcd-0 Healthy {"health":"true"}
componentstatus/etcd-1 Healthy {"health":"true"}
NAME STATUS ROLES AGE VERSION
node/k8s-node1 Ready 4d2h v1.15.0
node/k8s-node2 Ready 4d2h v1.15.0
node/k8s-node3 Ready 4d2h v1.15.0
部署 node kube-proxy 组件
[root@k8s-node1 cfg]# cat /cloud/k8s/kubernetes/cfg/kube-proxy KUBE_PROXY_OPTS="--logtostderr=true \ --v=4 \ --hostname-override=k8s-node1 \ --cluster-cidr=10.0.0.0/24 \ --kubeconfig=/cloud/k8s/kubernetes/cfg/kube-proxy.kubeconfig"
创建kube-proxy启动文件
[root@k8s-node1 cfg]# cat /usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-proxy.service [Unit] Description=Kubernetes Proxy After=network.target [Service] EnvironmentFile=/cloud/k8s/kubernetes/cfg/kube-proxy ExecStart=/cloud/k8s/kubernetes/bin/kube-proxy $KUBE_PROXY_OPTS Restart=on-failure [Install] WantedBy=multi-user.target
启动kube-proxy服务
[root@k8s-node1 cfg]# systemctl daemon-reload [root@k8s-node1 cfg]# systemctl enable kube-proxy [root@k8s-node1 cfg]# systemctl start kube-proxy [root@k8s-node1 cfg]# ps -ef |grep kube-proxy root 966 1 0 09:02 ? 00:01:20 /cloud/k8s/kubernetes/bin/kube-proxy --logtostderr=true --v=4 --hostname-override=k8s-node1 --cluster-cidr=10.0.0.0/24 --kubeconfig=/cloud/k8s/kubernetes/cfg/kube-proxy.kubeconfig root 87093 12020 0 19:22 pts/0 00:00:00 grep --color=auto kube-proxy
部署Coredns组件
[root@k8s-master ~]# cat coredns.yaml
# Warning: This is a file generated from the base underscore template file: coredns.yaml.base
apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
name: coredns
namespace: kube-system
labels:
kubernetes.io/cluster-service: "true"
addonmanager.kubernetes.io/mode: Reconcile
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRole
metadata:
labels:
kubernetes.io/bootstrapping: rbac-defaults
addonmanager.kubernetes.io/mode: Reconcile
name: system:coredns
rules:
- apiGroups:
- ""
resources:
- endpoints
- services
- pods
- namespaces
verbs:
- list
- watch
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
metadata:
annotations:
rbac.authorization.kubernetes.io/autoupdate: "true"
labels:
kubernetes.io/bootstrapping: rbac-defaults
addonmanager.kubernetes.io/mode: EnsureExists
name: system:coredns
roleRef:
apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
kind: ClusterRole
name: system:coredns
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccount
name: coredns
namespace: kube-system
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: ConfigMap
metadata:
name: coredns
namespace: kube-system
labels:
addonmanager.kubernetes.io/mode: EnsureExists
data:
Corefile: |
.:53 {
errors
health
kubernetes cluster.local in-addr.arpa ip6.arpa {
pods insecure
upstream
fallthrough in-addr.arpa ip6.arpa
}
prometheus :9153
proxy . /etc/resolv.conf
cache 30
loop
reload
loadbalance
}
---
apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
name: coredns
namespace: kube-system
labels:
k8s-app: kube-dns
kubernetes.io/cluster-service: "true"
addonmanager.kubernetes.io/mode: Reconcile
kubernetes.io/name: "CoreDNS"
spec:
# replicas: not specified here:
# 1. In order to make Addon Manager do not reconcile this replicas parameter.
# 2. Default is 1.
# 3. Will be tuned in real time if DNS horizontal auto-scaling is turned on.
replicas: 3
strategy:
type: RollingUpdate
rollingUpdate:
maxUnavailable: 1
selector:
matchLabels:
k8s-app: kube-dns
template:
metadata:
labels:
k8s-app: kube-dns
annotations:
seccomp.security.alpha.kubernetes.io/pod: 'docker/default'
spec:
serviceAccountName: coredns
tolerations:
- key: node-role.kubernetes.io/master
effect: NoSchedule
- key: "CriticalAddonsOnly"
operator: "Exists"
containers:
- name: coredns
image: coredns/coredns:1.3.1
imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
resources:
limits:
memory: 170Mi
requests:
cpu: 100m
memory: 70Mi
args: [ "-conf", "/etc/coredns/Corefile" ]
volumeMounts:
- name: config-volume
mountPath: /etc/coredns
readOnly: true
ports:
- containerPort: 53
name: dns
protocol: UDP
- containerPort: 53
name: dns-tcp
protocol: TCP
- containerPort: 9153
name: metrics
protocol: TCP
livenessProbe:
httpGet:
path: /health
port: 8080
scheme: HTTP
initialDelaySeconds: 60
timeoutSeconds: 5
successThreshold: 1
failureThreshold: 5
securityContext:
allowPrivilegeEscalation: false
capabilities:
add:
- NET_BIND_SERVICE
drop:
- all
readOnlyRootFilesystem: true
dnsPolicy: Default
volumes:
- name: config-volume
configMap:
name: coredns
items:
- key: Corefile
path: Corefile
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
name: kube-dns
namespace: kube-system
annotations:
prometheus.io/port: "9153"
prometheus.io/scrape: "true"
labels:
k8s-app: kube-dns
kubernetes.io/cluster-service: "true"
addonmanager.kubernetes.io/mode: Reconcile
kubernetes.io/name: "CoreDNS"
spec:
selector:
k8s-app: kube-dns
clusterIP: 10.0.0.2
ports:
- name: dns
port: 53
protocol: UDP
- name: dns-tcp
port: 53
protocol: TCP
[root@k8s-master ~]# kubectl apply -f coredns.yaml serviceaccount/coredns unchanged clusterrole.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/system:coredns unchanged clusterrolebinding.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/system:coredns unchanged configmap/coredns unchanged deployment.extensions/coredns unchanged service/kube-dns unchanged [root@k8s-master ~]# kubectl get deployment -n kube-system NAME READY UP-TO-DATE AVAILABLE AGE coredns 3/3 3 3 33h [root@k8s-master ~]# kubectl get deployment -n kube-system -o wide NAME READY UP-TO-DATE AVAILABLE AGE CONTAINERS IMAGES SELECTOR coredns 3/3 3 3 33h coredns coredns/coredns:1.3.1 k8s-app=kube-dns [root@k8s-master ~]# kubectl get pod -n kube-system -o wide NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE IP NODE NOMINATED NODE READINESS GATES coredns-b49c586cf-nwzv6 1/1 Running 1 33h 172.18.54.3 k8s-node3coredns-b49c586cf-qv5b9 1/1 Running 1 33h 172.18.22.3 k8s-node1 coredns-b49c586cf-rcqhc 1/1 Running 1 33h 172.18.95.2 k8s-node2 [root@k8s-master ~]# kubectl get svc -n kube-system -o wide NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE SELECTOR kube-dns ClusterIP 10.0.0.2 53/UDP,53/TCP 33h k8s-app=kube-dns
到此kubernetes V1.15.0乞丐版部署完成。