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数据库高可用
MySQL+DRBD+HEARTBEAT实施方案
环境：
mysql-5.5.49 heartbeat-3.0.4-2.el6.x86_64 drbd84-utils-8.9.8-1.el6.elrepo.x86_64 |
CentOS release 6.7 (Final) 2.6.32-573.el6.x86_64 x86_64 |
规划表：
名称 |
接口 |
IP |
用途 |
Master |
eth0 |
10.0.0.51 |
管理IP |
eth1 |
172.16.1.51 |
心跳线 |
|
Backup |
eth0 |
10.0.0.52 |
管理IP |
eth1 |
172.16.1.52 |
心跳线 |
|
VIP |
eth0 |
10.0.0.50 |
提供数据库服务IP |
以下操作除特殊说明外，均为在两台服务器操作
1. 初始化
关闭selinux,iptables
配置主机名，/etc/hosts，/etc/sysconfig/network，配置网络配置
2. 分区
parted /dev/sdb mklabel gpt
parted /dev/sdb mkpart primary 0 1024
parted /dev/sdb mkpart primary 1025 2146
parted /dev/sdb p
3. 主MySQL格式化/dev/sdb1，从MySQL不需要格式化（特殊说明）
mkfs.ext4 /dev/sdb1
4. 安装DRBD
rpm -Uvh http://www.elrepo.org/elrepo-release-6-8.el6.elrepo.noarch.rpm
yum install -y drbd84-utils kmod-drbd84
5. 初始化DRBD
modprobe drbd
6. 创建配置资源文件/etc/drbd.d/r0.res
resource r0 {
net {
protocol C;
cram-hmac-alg "sha1";
shared-secret "c4f9375f9834b4e7f0a528cc65c055702bf5f24a";
}
device /dev/drbd0;
disk /dev/sdb1;
meta-disk /dev/sdb2[0];
on mysql {
address 172.16.1.51:7788;
}
on mysql-s {
address 172.16.1.52:7788;
}
}
7. 初始化drbd设备
drbdadm create-md r0
drbdadm up r0
cat /proc/drbd
8. 将mysql提升为主,从mysql不需要操作（特殊说明）
drbdadm -- --overwrite-data-of-peer primary r0
9. 将mysql的drbd0格式化以供挂载使用，从mysql不需要操作（特殊说明）
mkfs.ext4 /dev/drbd0
10. 测试挂载
mkdir /data
mount /dev/drbd0 /data
至此，DRBD安装完毕，下面安装mysql，以多实例的方式安装
1. 上传mysql二进制包并解压
mkdir /home/oldboy/tools -p
cd /home/oldboy/tools/
rz
#mysql-5.5.49-linux2.6-x86_64.tar.gz
tar -xf mysql-5.5.49-linux2.6-x86_64.tar.gz
2. 安装mysql多实例
mkdir /application
mv mysql-5.5.49-linux2.6-x86_64 /application/mysql-5.5.49
useradd -s /sbin/nologin mysql -M
ln -s /application/mysql-5.5.49/ /application/mysql
cd /application/mysql
chown -R mysql.mysql /application/mysql/
echo 'export PATH=/application/mysql/bin:$PATH' >>/etc/profile
source /etc/profile
3. 配置多实例配置和启动文件
mkdir /data/{3306,3307}/data -p
配置3306配置文件/data/3306/my.cnf
[client] port = 3306 socket = /data/3306/mysql.sock [mysql] no-auto-rehash [mysqld] user = mysql port = 3306 socket = /data/3306/mysql.sock basedir = /application/mysql datadir = /data/3306/data open_files_limit = 1024 back_log = 600 max_connections = 800 max_connect_errors = 3000 table_cache = 614 external-locking = FALSE max_allowed_packet =8M sort_buffer_size = 1M join_buffer_size = 1M thread_cache_size = 100 thread_concurrency = 2 query_cache_size = 2M query_cache_limit = 1M query_cache_min_res_unit = 2k #default_table_type = InnoDB thread_stack = 192K #transaction_isolation = READ-COMMITTED tmp_table_size = 2M max_heap_table_size = 2M long_query_time = 1 #log_long_format #log-error = /data/3306/error.log #log-slow-queries = /data/3306/slow.log pid-file = /data/3306/mysql.pid log-bin = /data/3306/mysql-bin relay-log = /data/3306/relay-bin relay-log-info-file = /data/3306/relay-log.info binlog_cache_size = 1M max_binlog_cache_size = 1M max_binlog_size = 2M expire_logs_days = 7 key_buffer_size = 16M read_buffer_size = 1M read_rnd_buffer_size = 1M bulk_insert_buffer_size = 1M #myisam_sort_buffer_size = 1M #myisam_max_sort_file_size = 10G #myisam_max_extra_sort_file_size = 10G #myisam_repair_threads = 1 #myisam_recover lower_case_table_names = 1 skip-name-resolve slave-skip-errors = 1032,1062 replicate-ignore-db=mysql server-id = 6 innodb_additional_mem_pool_size = 4M innodb_buffer_pool_size = 32M innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:128M:autoextend innodb_file_io_threads = 4 innodb_thread_concurrency = 8 innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 2 innodb_log_buffer_size = 2M innodb_log_file_size = 4M innodb_log_files_in_group = 3 innodb_max_dirty_pages_pct = 90 innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 120 innodb_file_per_table = 0 [mysqldump] quick max_allowed_packet = 2M [mysqld_safe] log-error=/data/3306/mysql_3306.err pid-file=/data/3306/mysqld.pid
配置3306启动文件/data/3306/mysql
#!/bin/sh
################################################
#this scripts is created by chentaicheng at 2016-06-09
# QQ:791582297
#site:http://www.unix-idc.com
#blog: https://blog.51cto.com/ilctc
################################################
#init
port=3306
mysql_user="root"
mysql_pwd="unix-idc-MySQL"
CmdPath="/application/mysql/bin"
mysql_sock="/data/${port}/mysql.sock"
#startup function
function_start_mysql()
{
if [ ! -e "$mysql_sock" ];then
printf "Starting MySQL...\n"
/bin/sh ${CmdPath}/mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/data/${port}/my.cnf 2>&1 > /dev/null &
else
printf "MySQL is running...\n"
exit
fi
}
#stop function
function_stop_mysql()
{
if [ ! -e "$mysql_sock" ];then
printf "MySQL is stopped...\n"
exit
else
printf "Stoping MySQL...\n"
${CmdPath}/mysqladmin -u ${mysql_user} -p${mysql_pwd} -S /data/${port}/mysql.sock shutdown
fi
}
#restart function
function_restart_mysql()
{
printf "Restarting MySQL...\n"
function_stop_mysql
sleep 2
function_start_mysql
}
case $1 in
start)
function_start_mysql
;;
stop)
function_stop_mysql
;;
restart)
function_restart_mysql
;;
*)
printf "Usage: /data/${port}/mysql {start|stop|restart}\n"
esac
配置3307配置文件/data/3307/my.cnf
[client] port = 3307 socket = /data/3307/mysql.sock [mysql] no-auto-rehash [mysqld] user = mysql port = 3307 socket = /data/3307/mysql.sock basedir = /application/mysql datadir = /data/3307/data open_files_limit = 1024 back_log = 600 max_connections = 800 max_connect_errors = 3000 table_cache = 614 external-locking = FALSE max_allowed_packet =8M sort_buffer_size = 1M join_buffer_size = 1M thread_cache_size = 100 thread_concurrency = 2 query_cache_size = 2M query_cache_limit = 1M query_cache_min_res_unit = 2k #default_table_type = InnoDB thread_stack = 192K #transaction_isolation = READ-COMMITTED tmp_table_size = 2M max_heap_table_size = 2M long_query_time = 1 #log_long_format #log-error = /data/3307/error.log #log-slow-queries = /data/3307/slow.log pid-file = /data/3307/mysql.pid log-bin = /data/3307/mysql-bin relay-log = /data/3307/relay-bin relay-log-info-file = /data/3307/relay-log.info binlog_cache_size = 1M max_binlog_cache_size = 1M max_binlog_size = 2M expire_logs_days = 7 key_buffer_size = 16M read_buffer_size = 1M read_rnd_buffer_size = 1M bulk_insert_buffer_size = 1M #myisam_sort_buffer_size = 1M #myisam_max_sort_file_size = 10G #myisam_max_extra_sort_file_size = 10G #myisam_repair_threads = 1 #myisam_recover lower_case_table_names = 1 skip-name-resolve slave-skip-errors = 1032,1062 replicate-ignore-db=mysql server-id = 6 innodb_additional_mem_pool_size = 4M innodb_buffer_pool_size = 32M innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:128M:autoextend innodb_file_io_threads = 4 innodb_thread_concurrency = 8 innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 2 innodb_log_buffer_size = 2M innodb_log_file_size = 4M innodb_log_files_in_group = 3 innodb_max_dirty_pages_pct = 90 innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 120 innodb_file_per_table = 0 [mysqldump] quick max_allowed_packet = 2M [mysqld_safe] log-error=/data/3307/mysql_3307.err pid-file=/data/3307/mysqld.pid
配置3307启动文件/data/3307/mysql
#!/bin/sh
################################################
#this scripts is created by chentaicheng at 2016-06-09
# QQ:791582297
#site:http://www.unix-idc.com
#blog: https://blog.51cto.com/ilctc
################################################
#init
port=3307
mysql_user="root"
mysql_pwd="unix-idc-MySQL"
CmdPath="/application/mysql/bin"
mysql_sock="/data/${port}/mysql.sock"
#startup function
function_start_mysql()
{
if [ ! -e "$mysql_sock" ];then
printf "Starting MySQL...\n"
/bin/sh ${CmdPath}/mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/data/${port}/my.cnf 2>&1 > /dev/null &
else
printf "MySQL is running...\n"
exit
fi
}
#stop function
function_stop_mysql()
{
if [ ! -e "$mysql_sock" ];then
printf "MySQL is stopped...\n"
exit
else
printf "Stoping MySQL...\n"
${CmdPath}/mysqladmin -u ${mysql_user} -p${mysql_pwd} -S /data/${port}/mysql.sock shutdown
fi
}
#restart function
function_restart_mysql()
{
printf "Restarting MySQL...\n"
function_stop_mysql
sleep 2
function_start_mysql
}
case $1 in
start)
function_start_mysql
;;
stop)
function_stop_mysql
;;
restart)
function_restart_mysql
;;
*)
printf "Usage: /data/${port}/mysql {start|stop|restart}\n"
esac
初始化3306数据库数据
sed -i 's#/usr/local/mysql#/application/mysql#g' /application/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe
/application/mysql/scripts/mysql_install_db --basedir=/application/mysql --datadir=/data/3306/data/ --user=mysql
初始化3307数据库数据
/application/mysql/scripts/mysql_install_db --basedir=/application/mysql --datadir=/data/3307/data/ --user=mysql
授权mysql用户为/data目录的权限所有者
chown -R mysql.mysql /data
启动数据库
chmod +x /data/3306/mysql
chmod +x /data/3307/mysql
/data/3306/mysql start
/data/3307/mysql start
设置数据库密码为：unix-idc-MySQL
mysqladmin -u root -S /data/3306/mysql.sock password 'unix-idc-MySQL'
mysqladmin -u root -S /data/3307/mysql.sock password 'unix-idc-MySQL'
启动3306和3307实例数据库
mysql -uroot -punix-idc-MySQL -S /data/3306/mysql.sock
mysql -uroot -punix-idc-MySQL -S /data/3306/mysql.sock
至此，数据库安装完毕，下面安装heartbeat！
1. 安装heartbeat
wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/epel-6.repo
yum repolist
yum install -y heartbeat
2. 将默认的配置文件拷贝至/etc/ha.d/并作更改
修改第一个配置文件：/etc/ha.d/ha.cf
cat >/etc/ha.d/ha.cf<修改第二个配置文件：/etc/ha.d/authkeys
cat >/etc/ha.d/authkeys <chmod 600 /etc/ha.d/authkeys
修改第三个配置文件：/etc/ha.d/haresources
cat >/etc/ha.d/haresources<3. 修改mysql启动脚本到heartbeat资源里
cp /data/3306/mysql /etc/ha.d/resource.d/
4. 启动heartbeat
/etc/init.d/heartbeat start
至此，MySQL+DRBD+HEARTBEAT高可用存储搭建完毕！