由zabbix监控某关注的指明：
host group --> host --> item(存储于MySQL) --> graph(zabbix-web) --> trigger(触发器) --> action(conditon+operation)
application：把功能相近的一组item归类在一起统一进行管理组件：
Zabbix完整的监控配置流程大体上由如下步骤组成：
Host group --> Hosts --> Applications --> Items --> Trigger --> Events --> Actions --> User groups --> Users --> Medias
graph, screen,
依赖关系：
Host --> Item --> Trigger --> Action --> Notice, Command
添加主机到zabbix server：
discovery, auto_registrion
low level discovery
模板：
template:
item, application, trigger, graph, action主机组：
机器用途、系统版本、应用程序、地理位置
Item：
默认的Items有多种类型：
Zabbix-agent：
工作模式：passive，active
网卡流量相关：
net.if.in[if,]
if：接口，如eth0
mode：bytes，packets，errors，dropped
net.if.out[if,]
net.if.total[if,]
端口相关：
net.tcp.listen[port]
net.tcp.port[,port]
net.tcp.service[service,,]
net.udp.listen[port]
进程相关：
kernel.maxfiles
kernel.maxproc
CPU相关：
system.cpu.inter
system.cpu.load[,]
system.cpu.num[]
system.cpu.switches
system.cpu.util[,,]
磁盘IO或文件系统相关：
vfs.dev.read[,,]
vfs.dev.write[,,]
vfs.fs.inode[fs,] 用户可自定义item：
关键：选取一个唯一的key；
命令：收集数据的命令或脚本；
Trigger：
状态：
OK
PROBLEM：有事件发生；
zabbix server每次接收到items的新数据时，就会对Item的当前采样值进行判断，即与trigger的表达式进行比较；
一个trigger只能属于一个Item，但一个Item可以有多个trigger；
Severity：
Not classifled：未知级别，灰色；
Information：一般信息，亮绿；
Warning：警告信息，×××；
Average：一般故障，橙色；
High：高级别故障，红色；
Dister：致命故障，亮红；Action：
触发条件一般为事件：
Trigger events：OK --> PROBLEM
Discovery events：zabbix的network discovery工作时发现主机；
Auto registration events：主动模式的agent注册时产生的事件；
Internal events：Item变成不再支持，或Trigger变成未知状态；
Operation的功能：
动作：
send message
Remote command
配置send message：
（1）定义好Media；
（2）定义好用户；
（3）配置要发送的消息；实验环境：
主机名称：node1.smoke.com master
操作系统：CentOS 6.5
内核版本：2.6.32-504.el6.x86_64
网卡1：vmnet0 172.16.100.6
网卡2：vmnet8 dhcp
主机名称：node2.smoke.com
操作系统：CentOS 6.5
内核版本：2.6.32-504.el6.x86_64
网卡1：vmnet0 172.16.100.7
网卡2：vmnet8 dhcp
主机名称：node3.smoke.com
操作系统：Windows xp
网卡1：172.16.100.8
系统配置：
node1：zabbix-server
[root@node1 ~]# hostname
node1.smoke.com
[root@node1 ~]# ip addr show
1: lo: mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
inet6 ::1/128 scope host
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: eth0: mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
link/ether 00:0c:29:99:d9:9e brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 172.16.100.6/24 brd 172.16.100.255 scope global eth0
inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe99:d99e/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
3: eth1: mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
link/ether 00:0c:29:99:d9:a8 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.243.145/24 brd 192.168.243.255 scope global eth1
inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe99:d9a8/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
[root@node1 ~]# ip route show
172.16.100.0/24 dev eth0 proto kernel scope link src 172.16.100.6
192.168.243.0/24 dev eth1 proto kernel scope link src 192.168.243.145
169.254.0.0/16 dev eth0 scope link metric 1002
169.254.0.0/16 dev eth1 scope link metric 1003
default via 192.168.243.2 dev eth1
[root@node1 ~]# crontab -l
*/5 * * * * /usr/sbin/ntpdate time.nist.gov &> /dev/null
[root@node1 ~]# vim /etc/hosts
172.16.100.6 node1.smoke.com node1
172.16.100.7 node2.smoke.com node2
172.16.100.8 node3.smoke.com node3 node2：linux-agent
[root@node2 ~]# hostname
node2.smoke.com
[root@node2 ~]# ip addr show
1: lo: mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
inet6 ::1/128 scope host
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: eth0: mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
link/ether 00:0c:29:d6:6a:92 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 172.16.100.7/24 brd 172.16.100.255 scope global eth0
inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fed6:6a92/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
3: eth1: mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
link/ether 00:0c:29:d6:6a:9c brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.243.146/24 brd 192.168.243.255 scope global eth1
inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fed6:6a9c/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
[root@node2 ~]# ip route show
172.16.100.0/24 dev eth0 proto kernel scope link src 172.16.100.7
192.168.243.0/24 dev eth1 proto kernel scope link src 192.168.243.146
169.254.0.0/16 dev eth0 scope link metric 1002
169.254.0.0/16 dev eth1 scope link metric 1003
default via 192.168.243.2 dev eth1
[root@node2 ~]# crontab -l
*/5 * * * * /usr/sbin/ntpdate time.nist.gov &> /dev/nulll
[root@node2 ~]# vim /etc/hosts
172.16.100.6 node1.smoke.com node1
172.16.100.7 node2.smoke.com node2
172.16.100.8 node3.smoke.com node3 node3：windows-agent
安装mariadb：
node1：zabbix-server
[root@node1 ~]# tar xf cmake-2.8.8.tar.gz
[root@node1 ~]# cd cmake-2.8.8
[root@node1 cmake-2.8.8]# ./bootstrap
[root@node1 cmake-2.8.8]# make && make install
[root@node1 cmake-2.8.8]# cd
[root@node1 ~]# groupadd -g 306 -r mysql
[root@node1 ~]# useradd -u 306 -g mysql -r -s /sbin/nologin mysql
[root@node1 ~]# mkdir /mydata/data -pv
[root@node1 ~]# yum -y install readline-devel zlib-devel openssl-devel
[root@node1 ~]# tar xf mariadb-10.0.10.tar.gz
[root@node1 ~]# cd mariadb-10.0.10
[root@node1 mariadb-10.0.10]# cmake . -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/mysql \
> -DMYSQL_DATADIR=/mydata/data \
> -DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
> -DWITH_ARCHIVE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
> -DWITH_BLACKHOLE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
> -DWITH_READLINE=1 \
> -DWITH_SSL=system \
> -DWITH_ZLIB=system \
> -DWITH_LIBWRAP=0 \
> -DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR=/tmp/mysql.sock \
> -DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8 \
> -DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci
[root@node1 mariadb-10.0.10]# make && make install
[root@node1 mariadb-10.0.10]# cd /usr/local/mysql/
[root@node1 mysql]# chgrp mysql ./*
[root@node1 mysql]# chown mysql:mysql /mydata/data
[root@node1 mysql]# scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql --datadir=/mydata/data
[root@node1 mysql]# cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld
[root@node1 mysql]# chmod +x /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld
[root@node1 mysql]# chkconfig --add mysqld
[root@node1 mysql]# mv /etc/my.cnf /etc/my.cnf.bak
[root@node1 mysql]# cp support-files/my-large.cnf /etc/my.cnf
[root@node1 mysql]# vim /etc/my.cnf
log-bin=/mydata/binlogs/master-bin
innodb_file_per_table = ON
[root@node1 mysql]# mkdir -pv /mydata/binlogs/
[root@node1 mysql]# chown -R mysql.mysql /mydata/binlogs/
[root@node1 mysql]# service mysqld start
[root@node1 mysql]# vim /etc/profile.d/mysqld.sh
export PATH=/usr/local/mysql/bin:$PATH
[root@node1 mysql]# . /etc/profile.d/mysqld.sh
[root@node1 mysql]# mysql
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MariaDB connection id is 4
Server version: 10.0.10-MariaDB-log Source distribution
Copyright (c) 2000, 2014, Oracle, SkySQL Ab and others.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
MariaDB [(none)]> use mysql
Database changed
MariaDB [mysql]> SELECT user,host,password FROM user;
+------+-----------------+----------+
| user | host | password |
+------+-----------------+----------+
| root | localhost | |
| root | node1.smoke.com | |
| root | 127.0.0.1 | |
| root | ::1 | |
| | localhost | |
| | node1.smoke.com | |
+------+-----------------+----------+
6 rows in set (0.00 sec)
MariaDB [mysql]> DROP USER ""@'localhost';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
MariaDB [mysql]> DROP USER ""@'node1.smoke.com';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
MariaDB [mysql]> \q
Bye安装zabbix：
node1：zabbix-server
[root@node1 ~]# mysql
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MariaDB connection id is 4
Server version: 10.0.10-MariaDB-log Source distribution
Copyright (c) 2000, 2014, Oracle, SkySQL Ab and others.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
MariaDB [(none)]> CREATE DATABASE zabbix CHARACTER SET utf8;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.06 sec)
MariaDB [(none)]> GRANT ALL on zabbix.* TO 'zbxuser'@'172.16.%.%' IDENTIFIED BY 'zbxpass';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
MariaDB [(none)]> GRANT ALL on zabbix.* TO 'zbxuser'@'node1.smoke.com' IDENTIFIED BY 'zbxpass';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
MariaDB [(none)]> FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
MariaDB [(none)]> \q
Bye
[root@node1 ~]# cd zabbix-2.4.5/
[root@node1 zabbix-2.4.5]# ls
zabbix-2.4.5-1.el6.x86_64.rpm zabbix-proxy-pgsql-2.4.5-1.el6.x86_64.rpm zabbix-web-2.4.5-1.el6.noarch.rpm
zabbix-agent-2.4.5-1.el6.x86_64.rpm zabbix-proxy-sqlite3-2.4.5-1.el6.x86_64.rpm zabbix-web-japanese-2.4.5-1.el6.noarch.rpm
zabbix-get-2.4.5-1.el6.x86_64.rpm zabbix-sender-2.4.5-1.el6.x86_64.rpm zabbix-web-mysql-2.4.5-1.el6.noarch.rpm
zabbix-java-gateway-2.4.5-1.el6.x86_64.rpm zabbix-server-2.4.5-1.el6.x86_64.rpm zabbix-web-pgsql-2.4.5-1.el6.noarch.rpm
zabbix-proxy-2.4.5-1.el6.x86_64.rpm zabbix-server-mysql-2.4.5-1.el6.x86_64.rpm
zabbix-proxy-mysql-2.4.5-1.el6.x86_64.rpm zabbix-server-pgsql-2.4.5-1.el6.x86_64.rpm
[root@node1 zabbix-2.4.5]# yum -y install zabbix-server-2.4.5-1.el6.x86_64.rpm zabbix-server-mysql-2.4.5-1.el6.x86_64.rpm zabbix-get-2.4.5-1.el6.x86_64.rpm zabbix-2.4.5-1.el6.x86_64.rpm zabbix-web-2.4.5-1.el6.noarch.rpm zabbix-web-mysql-2.4.5-1.el6.noarch.rpm zabbix-agent-2.4.5-1.el6.x86_64.rpm zabbix-sender-2.4.5-1.el6.x86_64.rpm安装报错：
Error: Package: zabbix-server-2.4.5-1.el6.x86_64 (/zabbix-server-2.4.5-1.el6.x86_64)
Requires: fping
Error: Package: zabbix-server-mysql-2.4.5-1.el6.x86_64 (/zabbix-server-mysql-2.4.5-1.el6.x86_64)
Requires: libiksemel.so.3()(64bit)
Error: Package: zabbix-server-2.4.5-1.el6.x86_64 (/zabbix-server-2.4.5-1.el6.x86_64)
Requires: iksemel
You could try using --skip-broken to work around the problem
You could try running: rpm -Va --nofiles --nodigest[root@node1 ~]# ls *.rpm
fping-2.4b2-10.el6.x86_64.rpm iksemel-1.4-2.el6.x86_64.rpm iksemel-devel-1.4-2.el6.x86_64.rpm
[root@node1 ~]# yum -y localinstall iksemel-1.4-2.el6.x86_64.rpm iksemel-devel-1.4-2.el6.x86_64.rpm fping-2.4b2-10.el6.x86_64.rpm配置zabbix：
node1：zabbix-server
[root@node1 ~]# service httpd start
[root@node1 ~]# cd /usr/share/doc/zabbix-server-mysql-2.4.5/create/
[root@node1 create]# ls
data.sql images.sql schema.sql
[root@node1 create]# mysql zabbix < schema.sql #导入数据库要有顺序，先schema、images、data；
[root@node1 create]# mysql zabbix < images.sql
[root@node1 create]# mysql zabbix < data.sql
[root@node1 ~]# vim /etc/zabbix/zabbix_server.conf
DBHost=172.16.100.6
DBUser=zbxuser
DBPassword=zbxpass
DBSocket=/tmp/mysql.sock
[root@node1 ~]# service zabbix-server start
Starting Zabbix server: [ OK ]
[root@node1 ~]# ss -tnl
State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port
LISTEN 0 128 :::22 :::*
LISTEN 0 128 *:22 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 :::10051 :::*
LISTEN 0 128 *:10051 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 *:3306 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 :::80 :::*
[root@node1 ~]# vim /etc/php.ini
date.timezone = Asia/Chongqing
[root@node1 ~]# service httpd restart配置zabbix-web：
通过windows的浏览器输入172.16.100.6/zabbix；
点击next，所有检查通过，点击next，配置数据库连接，数据库主机172.16.100.6、数据库用户zbxuser、密码zbxpass，点击next；
配置zabbix主机地址172.16.100.6，name为node1.smoke.com，点击next，到finish，自动跳转到zabbix登录界面；
默认账号admin，密码zabbix；
zabbix-server监控自己：
node1：zabbix-server
[root@node1 ~]# vim /etc/zabbix/zabbix_agentd.conf
Server=127.0.0.1,172.16.100.6
ServerActive=127.0.0.1,172.16.100.6
Hostname=node1.smoke.com
[root@node1 ~]# service zabbix-agent start
[root@node1 ~]# ss -tnl
State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port
LISTEN 0 128 :::22 :::*
LISTEN 0 128 *:22 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 :::10050 :::*
LISTEN 0 128 *:10050 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 :::10051 :::*
LISTEN 0 128 *:10051 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 *:3306 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 :::80 :::*在zabbix-web上面启用对node1.smoke.com的监控，点击Configuration--Hosts，默认zabbix-server已经把自己监控了，点击Disable启用本机监控；
zabbix-server监控linux-agent：
node2：linux-agent
[root@node2 ~]# cd zabbix-2.4.5/
[root@node2 zabbix-2.4.5]# yum -y install zabbix-2.4.5-1.el6.x86_64.rpm zabbix-agent-2.4.5-1.el6.x86_64.rpm zabbix-sender-2.4.5-1.el6.x86_64.rpm
[root@node2 zabbix-2.4.5]# vim /etc/zabbix/zabbix_agentd.conf
Server=172.16.100.6
ServerActive=172.16.100.6
Hostname=node2.smoke.com
[root@node2 zabbix-2.4.5]# service zabbix-agent start
修改zabbix-web字体：
在Windows目录C:\Windows\Fonts复制新宋体到zabbix-server的/usr/share/zabbix/fonts目录；
node1：zabbix-server
[root@node1 ~]# cd /usr/share/zabbix/fonts/
[root@node1 fonts]# ls
graphfont.ttf simsun.ttc创建主机组：
点击Configuration -- Host groups -- Create host group，填写完成，点击Add；
定义主机：
点击Configuration -- Hosts -- Create Host，填写完成，点击Add；
在node2主机上点击Applications -- Create application，填写完成点击Add；
再点击Create application，填写完成点击Add；
点击Configuration -- Hosts，点击node2上面的Items -- Create item，填写完成点击Add；
点击Configuration -- Hosts，点击node2上面的Applications -- Create application，填写完成点击Add；
点击Configuration -- Hosts，点击node2上面的Items -- Create item，填写完成点击Add；
点击Configuration -- Hosts，点击node2上面的Items -- Create item，填写完成点击Add；
点击Configuration -- Hosts，点击node2上面的Graphs -- Create graph，填写完成点击Add；
点击Configuration -- Hosts，点击node2上面的Triggers -- Create Triggers，填写完成点击Add；
点击Configuration -- Hosts，点击node2上面的Graphs -- Traffic Stats -- Preview；
点击Monitoring -- Events，Group选择test group，Host选择node2，Source选择Trigger；
点击Administration -- Media types -- Create media type，填写完成点击Add；
点击Administration -- Users，选择Users，点击Create user，User菜单；
Media菜单，填写完成点击Add；
点击Administration -- Users，选择User groups，点击Zabbix administratos -- Permissions，点击Read-write下面的Add，全部选择，点击Update；
点击Configuration -- Actions -- Create Action，选择Operations菜单，点击Add；
点击Conditions菜单；
点击Action菜单，填写完成点击Add；
node1：zabbix-server
[root@node1 ~]# service zabbix-server restart
[root@node1 ~]# mail
[root@node1 ~]# yum -y install sendmail
[root@node1 ~]# service sendmail start