简介
处于内网的机器,因为没有一个公有的Ip,外面是无法主动连接到内网的设备。如果希望外面可以连接到处于内网的指定设备。UPNP端口映射是一个较简易的方案。当然这并不是唯一方案,穿透和转发也是一个较普遍的方式,本文只讨论UPNP端口映射的实现方式。UPNP端口映射将一个外部端口映射到一个【内网Ip:端口】,当然也指明了使用的协议是UDP,TCP,还是此映射同时适应UDP和TCP。
UPNP使用的常用命令:
"GetStatusInfo",
"GetExternalIPAddress",
"AddPortMapping",
"GetSpecificPortMappingEntry",
1. 建立UDP socket,并绑定到一个自定的端口
2、通过UDP发送组播包:M-search,端口1900,包的内容如下所示
M-SEARCH * HTTP/1.1
HOST: 239.255.255.250:1900
ST: urn:schemas-upnp-org:device:InternetGatewayDevice:1
MAN: "ssdp:discover"
MX: 2
3、接收M-search的回应,并做相应的处理
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
CACHE-CONTROL: max-age=100
DATE: Thu, 01 Jan 1970 21:39:02 GMT
EXT:
LOCATION: http://192.168.1.1:1900/igd.xml
SERVER: Mercury Router MR804 Router, UPnP/1.0
ST: urn:schemas-upnp-org:device:InternetGatewayDevice:1
USN: uuid:6ec73f58-1dd2-11b2-9465-e6838914e4d9::urn:schemas-upnp-org:device:InternetGatewayDevice:1
1》获取path(lacation) ,此为 : /igd.xml #path#
端口为: 1900 (有些路由并不一定是UPNP的端口1900) #ServerPort#
ip:192.168.1.1 (有时候我们的内网中可能存在多个路由,并且都开启了upnp服务,这时候我们要判断哪一个才是网关路由,并且只处理网关路由的回应)
2》获取ST,此为:urn:schemas-upnp-org:device:InternetGatewayDevice:1 #ST#
4、建立tcp连接,--》【网关:ServerPort】
注意:有些路由不支持keep-alive特性,做每一次交互都做一次连接
5、获取path位置的xml数据:
GET /igd.xml HTTP/1.1
Host: 192.168.1.1:1900
Connection: Close
User-Agent: MSWindows/6.1.7601, UPnP/1.0, MiniUPnPc/1.6
6、接收并分析得到的xml数据
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
CONTENT-LENGTH: 2733
CONTENT-TYPE: text/xml
DATE: Thu, 01 Jan 1970 21:39:02 GMT
LAST-MODIFIED: Tue, 28 Oct 2003 08:46:08 GMT
SERVER: Mercury Router MR804 Router, UPnP/1.0
CONNECTION: close
获取端口映射服务
的控制路径
7、发送获取外网IP的命令请求:GetExternalIPAddress
POST /ipc HTTP/1.1
Host: 192.168.1.1:1900
User-Agent: MSWindows/6.1.7601, UPnP/1.0, MiniUPnPc/1.6
Content-Length: 285
Content-Type: text/xml
SOAPAction: "urn:schemas-upnp-org:service:WANIPConnection:1#GetExternalIPAddress"
Connection: Close
Cache-Control: no-cache
Pragma: no-cache
8、分析接收数据
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
CONNECTION: close
SERVER: Mercury Router MR804 Router, UPnP/1.0
CONTENT-LENGTH: 404
CONTENT-TYPE: text/xml; charset="utf-8"
解析得到NewExternalIPAddress标签中的外网ip:113.119.126.148
9、发送命令获取指定的外部端口的详细信息{内部端口,ip,协议,外部端口,。。。}
使用命令GetSpecificPortMappingEntry,并在NewExternalPort指定要查询的外部端口
POST /ipc HTTP/1.1
Host: 192.168.1.1:1900
User-Agent: MSWindows/6.1.7601, UPnP/1.0, MiniUPnPc/1.6
Content-Length: 399
Content-Type: text/xml
SOAPAction: "urn:schemas-upnp-org:service:WANIPConnection:1#GetSpecificPortMappingEntry"
Connection: Close
Cache-Control: no-cache
Pragma: no-cache
10、接收数据并并分析指定的端口有没有被映射
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
CONNECTION: close
SERVER: Mercury Router MR804 Router, UPnP/1.0
CONTENT-LENGTH: 574
CONTENT-TYPE: text/xml; charset="utf-8"
如上所示:外部端口5500已经做了映射,映射到{192.168.1.83:80,TCP}
1.1》映射到期望的客户端
1.2》没有映射到期望的客户端,如映射到别的ip
2》未映射,会返回500错误:HTTP/1.0 500 Internal Server Error
HTTP/1.1 500 Internal Server Error
CONTENT-LENGTH: 481
CONTENT-TYPE: text/xml; charset="utf-8"
DATE: Thu, 01 Jan 1970 00:00:02 GMT
EXT:
SERVER: Mercury Router MR804 Router, UPnP/1.0
如果已经做了期望的映射,则进入等待下一轮的更新
否则做端口映射
11、发送命令添加端口映射:
POST /ipc HTTP/1.1
Host: 192.168.1.1:1900
User-Agent: MSWindows/6.1.7601, UPnP/1.0, MiniUPnPc/1.6
Content-Length: 589
Content-Type: text/xml
SOAPAction: "urn:schemas-upnp-org:service:WANIPConnection:1#AddPortMapping"
Connection: Close
Cache-Control: no-cache
Pragma: no-cache
12、接收并分析是否映射成功:
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
CONNECTION: close
SERVER: Mercury Router MR804 Router, UPnP/1.0
CONTENT-LENGTH: 332
CONTENT-TYPE: text/xml; charset="utf-8"
返回HTTP/1.1 200 OK,可见操作成功,进入等待下一轮的更新