Linux 磁盘挂载

Linux 磁盘挂载

（学习分享）

第一步虚拟机 添加 硬盘

根据自己的需求定义磁盘的大小

新磁盘添加成功

第二步查看系统分区挂载情况

lsblk命令详情

[root@node1 ~]# lsblk -f
NAME   FSTYPE      LABEL            UUID                                   MOUNTPOINT
sda                                                                        
├─sda1 ext4                         d4b7ab08-8e06-4b3d-9931-58079afdca1d   /boot
└─sda2 LVM2_member                  LiQfwK-uF1r-QFcx-JU9M-TTgl-2Fg7-5HWbQJ 
  ├─vg_node1-lv_root (dm-0)
       ext4                         487c7053-c902-49c2-87c4-e6421602ffdd   /
  └─vg_node1-lv_swap (dm-1)
       swap                         a4c14665-d89b-4cbf-af6a-50df1119fa02   [SWAP]
sdb         <----新添加磁盘的名称                                                             
sr0    iso9660     CentOS_6.9_Final                                        
[root@node1 ~]# 

UUID 表示这个分区的唯一标识（唯一ID）
MOUNTPOINT 表示这个分区挂在的目录
NAME 物理磁盘名称
FSTYPE 分区的格式
[SWAP] ：交换分区

第三步 分区

fdisk命令详情
1.对新磁盘进行分区

[root@node1 ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb
Device contains neither a valid DOS partition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabel
Building a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0xa7b528e4.
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
After that, of course, the previous content won't be recoverable.

Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w(rite)

WARNING: DOS-compatible mode is deprecated. It's strongly recommended to
         switch off the mode (command 'c') and change display units to
         sectors (command 'u').

Command (m for help) **m**(帮助)（n:添加一个分区，d:删除分区 w:保存写入）: n（添加分区）
Command action
   e   extended
   p   primary partition (1-4)
p（设置分区的类型）
Partition number (1-4): 1 （第一个分区）
First cylinder (1-2610, default 1): 
Using default value 1 （第一个分区的起始位置）
Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (1-2610, default 2610): 555（（第一个分区的结束位置））

Command (m for help): w （保存）
The partition table has been altered!

Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.

2.查看新分区

[root@node1 ~]# lsblk -f
NAME   FSTYPE      LABEL            UUID                                   MOUNTPOINT
sda                                                                        
├─sda1 ext4                         d4b7ab08-8e06-4b3d-9931-58079afdca1d   /boot
└─sda2 LVM2_member                  LiQfwK-uF1r-QFcx-JU9M-TTgl-2Fg7-5HWbQJ 
  ├─vg_node1-lv_root (dm-0)
       ext4                         487c7053-c902-49c2-87c4-e6421602ffdd   /
  └─vg_node1-lv_swap (dm-1)
       swap                         a4c14665-d89b-4cbf-af6a-50df1119fa02   [SWAP]
sdb                                                                        
└─sdb1                                                                     
sr0    iso9660     CentOS_6.9_Final  

第四步 格式化

mkfs 命令详情

[root@node1 /]# mkfs -t ext4 /dev/sdb1
mke2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)
警告: 389 块未使用.
文件系统标签=
操作系统:Linux
块大小=4096 (log=2)
分块大小=4096 (log=2)
Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks
279072 inodes, 1114112 blocks
55725 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
第一个数据块=0
Maximum filesystem blocks=1140850688
34 block groups
32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
8208 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks: 
        32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736

正在写入inode表: 完成                            
Creating journal (32768 blocks): 完成
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: 完成

This filesystem will be automatically checked every 29 mounts or
180 days, whichever comes first.  Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.

格式完毕后 磁盘会分配UUID

[root@node1 /]# lsblk -f
NAME   FSTYPE      LABEL            UUID                                   MOUNTPOINT
sda                                                                        
├─sda1 ext4                         d4b7ab08-8e06-4b3d-9931-58079afdca1d   /boot
└─sda2 LVM2_member                  LiQfwK-uF1r-QFcx-JU9M-TTgl-2Fg7-5HWbQJ 
  ├─vg_node1-lv_root (dm-0)
       ext4                         487c7053-c902-49c2-87c4-e6421602ffdd   /
  └─vg_node1-lv_swap (dm-1)
       swap                         a4c14665-d89b-4cbf-af6a-50df1119fa02   [SWAP]
sdb                                                                        
└─sdb1 ext4                         f554dab9-3a74-4244-ace5-ee2d37e9cefb   
sr0    iso9660     CentOS_6.9_Final    

第五步 挂载

前提：挂载的目录必须已经存在

方法1：

mount 命令详情
umount 命令详情

挂载：mount  /dev/sdb1  /home/newdisk01
取消挂载：umount  /mnt/disk4
[root@node1 newdisk01]# lsblk -f
NAME   FSTYPE      LABEL            UUID                                   MOUNTPOINT
sda                                                                        
├─sda1 ext4                         d4b7ab08-8e06-4b3d-9931-58079afdca1d   /boot
└─sda2 LVM2_member                  LiQfwK-uF1r-QFcx-JU9M-TTgl-2Fg7-5HWbQJ 
  ├─vg_node1-lv_root (dm-0)
       ext4                         487c7053-c902-49c2-87c4-e6421602ffdd   /
  └─vg_node1-lv_swap (dm-1)
       swap                         a4c14665-d89b-4cbf-af6a-50df1119fa02   [SWAP]
sdb                                                                        
└─sdb1 ext4                         f554dab9-3a74-4244-ace5-ee2d37e9cefb   /home/newdisk01
sr0    iso9660     CentOS_6.9_Final 

或者
[root@node1 newdisk01]# df -h
Filesystem            Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/vg_node1-lv_root
                       35G  5.9G   28G  18% /
tmpfs                 1.9G     0  1.9G   0% /dev/shm
/dev/sda1             477M   41M  411M  10% /boot
/dev/sdb1             4.1G  8.5M  3.9G   1% /home/newdisk01

方法二：

开机自动挂载：
修改/etc/fstab 文件，在文件中添加自动挂载配置

[root@node1 newdisk01]#  vi /etc/fstab 
#
# /etc/fstab
# Created by anaconda on Wed Oct  9 01:15:51 2019
#
# Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under '/dev/disk'
# See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info
#
/dev/mapper/vg_node1-lv_root /                       ext4    defaults        1 1
UUID=d4b7ab08-8e06-4b3d-9931-58079afdca1d /boot                   ext4    defaults        1 2
/dev/mapper/vg_node1-lv_swap swap                    swap    defaults        0 0
tmpfs                   /dev/shm                tmpfs   defaults        0 0
devpts                  /dev/pts                devpts  gid=5,mode=620  0 0
sysfs                   /sys                    sysfs   defaults        0 0
proc                    /proc                   proc    defaults        0 0

修改


重新挂载磁盘 mount -a