springboot系列学习笔记全部文章请移步值博主专栏**: spring boot 2.X/spring cloud Greenwich。
由于是一系列文章,所以后面的文章可能会使用到前面文章的项目。springboot系列代码全部上传至GitHub:https://github.com/liubenlong/springboot2_demo
本系列环境:Java11;springboot 2.1.1.RELEASE;springcloud Greenwich.RELEASE;MySQL 8.0.5;
单元测试和日志比较简单,放到一起讲一下。本篇文章需要使用到Junit、TestNg、Mockito、Spring Testing,本文不会对其使用进行特别详细的说明,请自行检索
springboot官方文档中指出,如果我们使用Starters
,那么默认使用Logback
作为日志输出组件。当然还支持Commons Logging, Log4J等组件。
简单日志配置(包含了指定文件目录, 格式,以及level):
logging:
level:
root: info
com.example.controller: info
com.example.service: warn
file: d://a.log
pattern:
console: "%d - %msg%n"
# ----------------------------------------
# CORE PROPERTIES
# ----------------------------------------
debug=false # Enable debug logs.
trace=false # Enable trace logs.
# LOGGING
logging.config= # Location of the logging configuration file. For instance, `classpath:logback.xml` for Logback.
logging.exception-conversion-word=%wEx # Conversion word used when logging exceptions.
logging.file= # Log file name (for instance, `myapp.log`). Names can be an exact location or relative to the current directory.
logging.file.max-history=0 # Maximum of archive log files to keep. Only supported with the default logback setup.
logging.file.max-size=10MB # Maximum log file size. Only supported with the default logback setup.
logging.group.*= # Log groups to quickly change multiple loggers at the same time. For instance, `logging.level.db=org.hibernate,org.springframework.jdbc`.
logging.level.*= # Log levels severity mapping. For instance, `logging.level.org.springframework=DEBUG`.
logging.path= # Location of the log file. For instance, `/var/log`.
logging.pattern.console= # Appender pattern for output to the console. Supported only with the default Logback setup.
logging.pattern.dateformat=yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss.SSS # Appender pattern for log date format. Supported only with the default Logback setup.
logging.pattern.file= # Appender pattern for output to a file. Supported only with the default Logback setup.
logging.pattern.level=%5p # Appender pattern for log level. Supported only with the default Logback setup.
logging.register-shutdown-hook=false # Register a shutdown hook for the logging system when it is initialized.
通常只需要在applicatiom.yml中配置即可,但是如果想要对日志进行更加复杂纤细的配置,可能就需要使用到对应日志系统的配置文件了。如果使用logbak,我们只需要在resource中添加logback.xml文件即可(当然下面只是简单实例,详细的logbak的xml配置请读者自行配置):
<configuration debug="false">
<appender name="CONSOLE"
class="ch.qos.logback.core.ConsoleAppender">
<encoder>
<charset>UTF-8charset>
<pattern>
%d %-4relative [%thread] %-5level %logger{36} [T:%X{trans}] - %msg%n
pattern>
encoder>
appender>
<appender name="FILE" class="ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.RollingFileAppender">
<file>logs/demo.logfile>
<rollingPolicy class="ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.SizeAndTimeBasedRollingPolicy">
<fileNamePattern>logs/demo.log.%d{yyyy-MM-dd}.%ifileNamePattern>
<maxHistory>10maxHistory>
<maxFileSize>200MBmaxFileSize>
<totalSizeCap>10GBtotalSizeCap>
rollingPolicy>
<encoder>
<pattern>[%d{yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss}] [%thread] %level %logger{35} [T:%X{trans}] %msg%npattern>
encoder>
appender>
<root level="INFO">
<appender-ref ref="FILE"/>
<appender-ref ref="CONSOLE"/>
root>
configuration>
为了方便的使用日志,可以借助spring的@slf4j注解,可以自动注入log,代码中可以直接使用,比较方便:
@RestController
@Slf4j
public class HelloController {
@Autowired
private Stu stu;
@Autowired
private Person person;
@GetMapping("/properties1")
public String properties1() {
log.debug("com.example.controller.HelloController.properties1 执行");
log.info("stu={}", stu);
log.info("person={}", person);
return "Welcome to springboot2 world ~";
}
//省略代码
一个Spring Boot application 是Spring ApplicationContext, 在单元测试时没有什么特殊的。
当你使用SpringApplication 时,外部属性,日志等其他功能会被默认装配
springboot提供了@SpringBootTest
注解来辅助我们进行测试。
需要注意:如果我们使用的是JUnit 4 ,那么需要添加
@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
否则所有注解将会被忽略。
如果你使用的是JUnit5 ,那么在SpringBootTest
上没有必要添加@ExtendWith
,因为@…Test
已经添加了ExtendWith
If you are using JUnit 4, don’t forget to also add @RunWith(SpringRunner.class) to your test, otherwise the annotations will be
ignored. If you are using JUnit 5, there’s no need to add the equivalent @ExtendWith(SpringExtension) as @SpringBootTest and the
other @…Test annotations are already annotated with it.
引入test的starter依赖
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.bootgroupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-testartifactId>
<scope>testscope>
dependency>
在src/test/java目录下创建MyTest.java
:
@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest(classes = {Application.class})// 指定启动类
@Slf4j
public class MyTests {
@Autowired
private Person person;
@Autowired
private HelloService helloService;
/**
* 使用断言
*/
@Test
public void test2() {
log.info("test hello 2");
TestCase.assertEquals(1, 1);
}
/**
* 测试注入
*/
@Test
public void test3() {
log.info("person={}", person);
log.info("helloService.getVal()={}", helloService.getVal());
}
@Before
public void testBefore() {
System.out.println("before");
}
@After
public void testAfter() {
System.out.println("after");
}
}
我们这里单独执行test3,他会向正常启动springboot服务一样,注入相关的bean,输出如下:
@TestConfiguration
是Spring Boot Test提供的一种工具,用它我们可以在一般的@Configuration之外补充测试专门用的Bean或者自定义的配置。
我们看@TestConfiguration
的定义
@Target(ElementType.TYPE)
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Documented
@Configuration
@TestComponent
public @interface TestConfiguration {
//省略
可见真正起作用的是@TestComponent
:
@Target(ElementType.TYPE)
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Documented
@Component
public @interface TestComponent {
//省略
@TestComponent
用于声明专门用于测试的bean , 他不应该被自动扫描到。也就是说如果你使用@ComponentScan
来扫描bean,那么需要将其排除在外:
@ComponentScan(excludeFilters = {
@Filter(type = FilterType.CUSTOM, classes = TypeExcludeFilter.class),
...})
由于@SpringBootApplication
已经添加有排除TypeExcludeFilter的功能,固使用@SpringBootApplication
时不会加载@TestComponent
声明的bean:
@Target(ElementType.TYPE)
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Documented
@Inherited
@SpringBootConfiguration
@EnableAutoConfiguration
@ComponentScan(excludeFilters = {
@Filter(type = FilterType.CUSTOM, classes = TypeExcludeFilter.class),
@Filter(type = FilterType.CUSTOM, classes = AutoConfigurationExcludeFilter.class) })
public @interface SpringBootApplication {
编写一个bean的创建类:
package config;
import com.example.pojo.Foo;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.TestConfiguration;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
@TestConfiguration
public class Config {
@Bean
public Foo foo() {
return new Foo("from config");
}
}
Foo.java:
@Data
@AllArgsConstructor
@NoArgsConstructor
public class Foo {
private String name;
}
编写测试类(IDEA 可能会在foo属性上标红提示错误,不用管,IDE还没有那么智能,识别不了这里的自动注入):
@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest(classes = {Application.class})// 指定启动类
@Import(Config.class)
@Slf4j
public class TestConfiguration1 {
@Autowired
private Foo foo;
@Test
public void testPlusCount() {
log.info("TestConfiguration1");
Assert.assertEquals(foo.getName(), "from config");
}
}
执行这里的testPlusCount
方法,测试通过。
当然上面Config中的注解@TestConfiguration
可以换成@Configuration
效果也是一样的,@TestConfiguration
是专门用于测试的。
默认情况下,使用@SpringBootTest
不会真正启动web服务,当我们测试controller时,spring测试提供了MockMvc供我们方便的测试controller,就像从浏览器发起请求一样。
在HelloController中有这么一个方法:
@GetMapping("/hello")
public String hello() {
return "Welcome to springboot2 world ~";
}
关闭tomcat服务,我们看如何进行单元测试。
import com.example.Application;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.test.autoconfigure.web.servlet.AutoConfigureMockMvc;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringRunner;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.MockMvc;
import static org.springframework.test.web.servlet.request.MockMvcRequestBuilders.get;
import static org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultMatchers.content;
import static org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultMatchers.status;
@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest(classes = {Application.class})// 指定启动类
@AutoConfigureMockMvc
public class MockMvcExampleTests {
@Autowired
private MockMvc mvc;
@Test
public void exampleTest() throws Exception {
this.mvc.perform(get("/hello")).andExpect(status().isOk())
.andExpect(content().string("Welcome to springboot2 world ~"))
.andDo(MockMvcResultHandlers.print());
}
}
tomcat服务已经关闭,执行单元测试,输出结果:
2018-12-30 19:29:29.971 INFO 15100 --- [ main] MockMvcExampleTests : Starting MockMvcExampleTests on HIH-D-20265 with PID 15100 (started by hzliubenlong in D:\workspace-wy\springboot2demo)
2018-12-30 19:29:29.973 INFO 15100 --- [ main] MockMvcExampleTests : No active profile set, falling back to default profiles: default
2018-12-30 19:29:31.419 INFO 15100 --- [ main] o.s.s.concurrent.ThreadPoolTaskExecutor : Initializing ExecutorService 'applicationTaskExecutor'
2018-12-30 19:29:31.620 INFO 15100 --- [ main] o.s.b.t.m.w.SpringBootMockServletContext : Initializing Spring TestDispatcherServlet ''
2018-12-30 19:29:31.624 INFO 15100 --- [ main] o.s.t.web.servlet.TestDispatcherServlet : Initializing Servlet ''
2018-12-30 19:29:31.633 INFO 15100 --- [ main] o.s.t.web.servlet.TestDispatcherServlet : Completed initialization in 9 ms
2018-12-30 19:29:31.651 INFO 15100 --- [ main] MockMvcExampleTests : Started MockMvcExampleTests in 2.201 seconds (JVM running for 2.974)
MockHttpServletRequest:
HTTP Method = GET
Request URI = /hello
Parameters = {}
Headers = {}
Body = null
Session Attrs = {}
Handler:
Type = com.example.controller.HelloController
Method = public java.lang.String com.example.controller.HelloController.hello()
Async:
Async started = false
Async result = null
Resolved Exception:
Type = null
ModelAndView:
View name = null
View = null
Model = null
FlashMap:
Attributes = null
MockHttpServletResponse:
Status = 200
Error message = null
Headers = {Content-Type=[text/plain;charset=UTF-8], Content-Length=[30]}
Content type = text/plain;charset=UTF-8
Body = Welcome to springboot2 world ~
Forwarded URL = null
Redirected URL = null
Cookies = []
2018-12-30 19:29:31.916 INFO 15100 --- [ Thread-2] o.s.s.concurrent.ThreadPoolTaskExecutor : Shutting down ExecutorService 'applicationTaskExecutor'
其中中间的内容为打印的请求详细信息,该测试通过。
如果您需要启动运行web服务,我们建议您使用随机端口。 如果您使用的是@SpringBootTest(webEnvironment = WebEnvironment.RANDOM_PORT),则可以随机进行测试运行。
这里允许自动注入TestRestTemplate
:
import com.example.Application;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest.WebEnvironment;
import org.springframework.boot.test.web.client.TestRestTemplate;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringRunner;
import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThat;
/**
* 测试基于普通springmvc的运行的controller服务
*/
@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
//使用随机端口
@SpringBootTest(classes = Application.class, webEnvironment = WebEnvironment.RANDOM_PORT)
public class RandomPortTestRestTemplateExampleTests {
@Autowired
private TestRestTemplate restTemplate;
@Test
public void exampleTest() {
String body = this.restTemplate.getForObject("/hello", String.class);
assertThat(body).isEqualTo("Welcome to springboot2 world ~");
}
}
首先启动该springboot应用,然后执行这个单元测试。
具体的webflux相关的内容后续会讲。这里只需要知道这个springboot提供的是基于reactor的响应式编程(异步非阻塞)架构就行了。而我们之前使用的基于Tomcat的servlet3.1之前的springmvc是同步阻塞的。
要想使用webflux,需要更换spring-boot-starter-web
为spring-boot-starter-webflux
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.bootgroupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-webfluxartifactId>
dependency>
编写测试代码
import com.example.Application;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest.WebEnvironment;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringRunner;
import org.springframework.test.web.reactive.server.WebTestClient;
@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
//指定使用随机端口(官网推荐的,原因待验证)
@SpringBootTest(classes = Application.class, webEnvironment = WebEnvironment.RANDOM_PORT)
public class RandomPortWebTestClientExampleTests {
/**
*WebTestClient 是用于测试web服务器的非阻塞的响应式客户端
*/
@Autowired
private WebTestClient webClient;
@Test
public void exampleTest() {
this.webClient.get().uri("/hello").exchange().expectStatus().isOk()
.expectBody(String.class).isEqualTo("Welcome to springboot2 world ~");
}
}
首先启动该springboot应用,然后执行这个单元测试。
改为webflux的starter以后,观察启动日志,可以发现不再是基于Tomcat,而是基于netty了
Netty started on port(s): 8080
在实际项目中,有一些bean可能会调用第三方,依赖外部组件或项目。但是我们单元测试不需要真正调用。那么我们可以使用@MockBean
进行mock结果。
假设HelloService中有调用外部服务的方法:
public interface HelloService {
String getVal();
//模拟远程调用,或者其他服务调用
String getRemoteVal();
}
@Component
@Slf4j
public class HelloServiceImpl implements HelloService{
public String getVal(){
return "haha";
}
//模拟远程调用,或者其他服务调用
public String getRemoteVal(){
log.info("真正发起外部请求");
return "remote Val";
}
}
编写单元测试代码:
import com.example.Application;
import com.example.service.HelloService;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
import org.springframework.boot.test.mock.mockito.MockBean;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringRunner;
import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThat;
import static org.mockito.BDDMockito.given;
/**
* 测试bean结果的mock
*/
@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest(classes = {Application.class})// 指定启动类
public class MockBeanTest {
@MockBean //这里使用 @SpyBean 是同样效果
private HelloService helloService;
@Test
public void exampleTest() {
//这句的意思是当调用helloService的getRemoteVal方法时,返回mock的结果:"远程调用结果"
given(this.helloService.getRemoteVal()).willReturn("远程调用结果");
//进行调用测试
String reverse = helloService.getRemoteVal();
assertThat(reverse).isEqualTo("远程调用结果");
}
}
执行单元测试,可以发现并没有真正发起请求。
更多测试相关内容请参见官网 Testing
import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThat;
@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
//这里不能使用@SpringBootTest否则报错:Configuration error: found multiple declarations of @BootstrapWith for test class [MyJsonTests]
@ContextConfiguration(classes = {Application.class})
@JsonTest
public class MyJsonTests extends AbstractTestNGSpringContextTests {
@Autowired
private JacksonTester<Stu> json;
@Test
public void testSerialize() throws Exception {
Stu details = new Stu("马云", 51);
// Assert against a `.json` file in the same package as the test
assertThat(this.json.write(details)).isEqualToJson("expected.json");
// 或者使用基于JSON path的校验
assertThat(this.json.write(details)).hasJsonPathStringValue("@.name");
assertThat(this.json.write(details)).extractingJsonPathStringValue("@.name").isEqualTo("马云");
}
@Test
public void testDeserialize() throws Exception {
String content = "{\"name\":\"2\",\"age\":\"11\"}";
assertThat(this.json.parse(content)).isEqualTo(new Stu("2", 11));
assertThat(this.json.parseObject(content).getName()).isEqualTo("2");
}
}
这里不能使用@SpringBootTest否则报错:Configuration error: found multiple declarations of @BootstrapWith for test class [MyJsonTests]
有时候我们会自定义序列化风格,这里对@JsonComponent进行测试:
@JsonComponent
public class FooJsonComponent {
public static class Serializer extends JsonSerializer<Stu> {
@Override
public void serialize(Stu value, JsonGenerator gen, SerializerProvider serializers)
throws IOException, JsonProcessingException {
gen.writeString("name=" + value.getName() + ",age=" + value.getAge());
}
}
public static class Deserializer extends JsonDeserializer<Stu> {
@Override
public Stu deserialize(JsonParser p, DeserializationContext ctxt) throws IOException, JsonProcessingException {
JsonToken t = p.getCurrentToken();
if (t == JsonToken.VALUE_STRING) {
String trim = p.getText().trim();
String[] split = trim.split(",");
Stu stu = new Stu();
stu.setName(split[0].split("=")[1]);
stu.setAge(Integer.parseInt(split[1].split("=")[1]));
return stu;
}
return (Stu) ctxt.handleUnexpectedToken(handledType(), p);
}
}
}
/**
* 测试自定义的@JsonComponent
*/
@ContextConfiguration(classes = {JsonComponentJacksonTest.class, FooJsonComponent.class})
@JsonTest
public class JsonComponentJacksonTest extends AbstractTestNGSpringContextTests {
@Autowired
private JacksonTester<Stu> json;
@Test
public void testSerialize() throws Exception {
Stu details = new Stu("zhangsan", 12);
assertThat(this.json.write(details).getJson()).isEqualTo("\"name=zhangsan,age=12\"");
}
@Test
public void testDeserialize() throws Exception {
String content = "\"name=zhangsan,age=13\"";
Stu actual = this.json.parseObject(content);
assertThat(actual).isEqualTo(new Stu("zhangsan", 13));
assertThat(actual.getName()).isEqualTo("zhangsan");
assertThat(actual.getAge()).isEqualTo(13);
}
}
使用springboot我们通常会将配置设置在application.yml中,但是在测试的时候,可能会对某些配置的值进行修改,接下来我们使用@TestPropertySource来实现这个功能。
springboot提供的@ConfigurationProperties
可以加载application.yml中的配置,如果你的配置放到其他目录或者叫其他名称,可以使用@PropertySource
来进行加载。
我们在resources目录下创建两个配置文件:
property-source.properties文件内容是lastName=wanganshi
。property-source.yml内容是lastName: libai
。@PropertySource
可以支持properties和yml两种格式。
编写类PropertySourceConfig.java
来加载配置文件中的内容
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.PropertySource;
@Configuration
//支持properties和yml
//@PropertySource("classpath:property-source.properties")
@PropertySource("classpath:property-source.yml")
public class PropertySourceConfig {
}
编写测试类:
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.junit.Assert;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
import org.springframework.context.EnvironmentAware;
import org.springframework.core.env.ConfigurableEnvironment;
import org.springframework.core.env.Environment;
import org.springframework.test.context.ContextConfiguration;
import org.springframework.test.context.TestPropertySource;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringRunner;
import java.util.Map;
import static java.util.stream.Collectors.toList;
@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest
@Slf4j
@ContextConfiguration(classes = PropertySourceConfig.class) //加载属性配置
@TestPropertySource( // 对属性进行设置
properties = {"lastName=abc", "bar=uvw"}
)
public class PropertySourceTest1 implements EnvironmentAware {
private Environment environment;
@Test
public void test1() {
Assert.assertEquals(environment.getProperty("lastName"), "abc");
}
@Override
public void setEnvironment(Environment environment) {
this.environment = environment;
Map<String, Object> systemEnvironment = ((ConfigurableEnvironment) environment).getSystemEnvironment();
System.out.println("=== System Environment ===");
System.out.println(getMapString(systemEnvironment));
System.out.println();
System.out.println("=== Java System Properties ===");
Map<String, Object> systemProperties = ((ConfigurableEnvironment) environment).getSystemProperties();
System.out.println(getMapString(systemProperties));
}
private String getMapString(Map<String, Object> map) {
return String.join("\n",
map.keySet().stream().map(k -> k + "=" + map.get(k)).collect(toList())
);
}
}
测试通过。大家可以将@TestPropertySource
注解去掉来观察输出结果。
前面已经讲过如何进行类型安全的属性配置。这种情况依然可以使用@TestPropertySource
对属性进行mock:
我们使用spring boot 2.1学习笔记【四】属性配置的Person类进行测试。
直接编写测试类:
import com.example.Application;
import com.example.pojo.Person;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.junit.Assert;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
import org.springframework.test.context.TestPropertySource;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringRunner;
@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest(classes = {Application.class})// 指定启动类
@Slf4j
@TestPropertySource(
properties = {"person.lastName=张飞", "person.age=49"}
)
public class PropertySourceTest {
@Autowired
private Person person;
@Test
public void test1() {
log.info(person.getLastName());
Assert.assertEquals(person.getLastName(), "张飞");
}
}
测试结果通过,大家可以将@TestPropertySource
注解去电观察运行结果。
就像上图中那样,我们在src/test/resources目录下创建一个单元测试专用的属性配置文件。就可以在@TestPropertySource
指定加载这个配置即可。
test-property-source.yml文件内容:
testp: 123456789
person:
lastName: abc
对PropertySourceTest1
进行改造:
@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest
@Slf4j
@ContextConfiguration(classes = PropertySourceConfig.class) //加载属性配置
@TestPropertySource( // 对属性进行设置
properties = {"bar=uvw"},
locations = "classpath:test-property-source.yml"
)
public class PropertySourceTest1 implements EnvironmentAware {
private Environment environment;
@Value("${testp}")
String testp;
@Test
public void test1() {
Assert.assertEquals(environment.getProperty("lastName"), "abc");
Assert.assertEquals(testp, "123456789");
}
//省略部分代码
}
我们这里对HelloService使用AspectJ进行AOP代理:
/**
* AOP
*/
@Component
@Aspect
public class HelloAspect {
@Pointcut("execution(* com.example.service.HelloService.getVal())")
public void pointcut() {
}
@Around("pointcut()")
public String changeGetVal(ProceedingJoinPoint pjp) {
return "aopResult";//简单起见,这里直接模拟一个返回值了
}
}
使用springboot进行配置,启用AOP
@Configuration
@EnableAspectJAutoProxy(proxyTargetClass = true)//启用aop
@ComponentScan("com.example.service")
public class AopConfig {
}
我们队MockMvcExampleTests
添加一个测试方法,验证一下结果:
@Test
public void exampleTest1() throws Exception {
this.mvc.perform(get("/hello1")).andExpect(status().isOk())
.andExpect(content().string("aopResult"))
.andDo(MockMvcResultHandlers.print());
}
测试通过,说明代理成功。接下来我们通过另一种方式直接对AOP进行测试,注释已经在代码中写清楚了:
//省略部分import
import static org.mockito.Matchers.any;
import static org.mockito.Mockito.times;
import static org.mockito.Mockito.verify;
import static org.testng.Assert.*;
/**
* AOP测试
*/
@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest(classes = {Application.class})// 指定启动类
@TestExecutionListeners(listeners = MockitoTestExecutionListener.class)//开启Mockito的支持
@Slf4j
public class SpringBootAopTest extends AbstractTestNGSpringContextTests {
//声明一个被Mockito.spy过的Bean
@SpyBean
private HelloAspect helloAspect;
@Autowired
private HelloService helloService;
@Test
public void testFooService() {
//判断helloService对象是不是HelloServiceImpl
assertNotEquals(helloService.getClass(), HelloServiceImpl.class);
//接下来通过AopUtils、AopProxyUtils、AopTestUtils来判断helloService是否是代理的对象
assertTrue(AopUtils.isAopProxy(helloService));
assertTrue(AopUtils.isCglibProxy(helloService));
assertEquals(AopProxyUtils.ultimateTargetClass(helloService), HelloServiceImpl.class);
assertEquals(AopTestUtils.getTargetObject(helloService).getClass(), HelloServiceImpl.class);
assertEquals(AopTestUtils.getUltimateTargetObject(helloService).getClass(), HelloServiceImpl.class);
/**
* 但是证明HelloServiceImpl Bean被代理并不意味着HelloAspect生效了(假设此时有多个@Aspect),
* 那么我们还需要验证HelloServiceImpl.getVal的行为。
* 这里调用两次:
*/
assertEquals(helloService.getVal(), "aopResult");
assertEquals(helloService.getVal(), "aopResult");
//通过MockitoTestExecutionListener来监听是否是调用了两次helloService.getVal()方法
//注意这一行代码测试的是helloAspect的行为,而不是helloService的行为
verify(helloAspect, times(2)).changeGetVal(any());
}
}
测试结果是通过。
springboot系列学习笔记全部文章请移步值博主专栏**: spring boot 2.X/spring cloud Greenwich。
由于是一系列文章,所以后面的文章可能会使用到前面文章的项目。springboot系列代码全部上传至GitHub:https://github.com/liubenlong/springboot2_demo
本系列环境:Java11;springboot 2.1.1.RELEASE;springcloud Greenwich.RELEASE;MySQL 8.0.5;
官方文档
spring-test-examples
springboot(16)Spring Boot使用单元测试