SQL常用语法快速参考

AND / OR

SELECT column_name(s)
FROM table_name
WHERE condition
AND|OR condition

ALTER TABLE

ALTER TABLE table_name 
ADD column_name datatype
or
ALTER TABLE table_name 
DROP COLUMN column_name

AS (alias)

SELECT column_name AS column_alias
FROM table_name
or
SELECT column_name
FROM table_name AS table_alias

BETWEEN

SELECT column_name(s)
FROM table_name
WHERE column_name
BETWEEN value1 AND value2

CREATE DATABASE

CREATE DATABASE database_name

DROP DATABASE

DROP DATABASE database_name

CREATE TABLE

CREATE TABLE table_name(
    column_name1 data_type,
    column_name2 data_type,
    column_name2 data_type,
    ...
)

DROP TABLE

DROP TABLE table_name

CREATE INDEX

CREATE INDEX index_name
ON table_name (column_name)
or
CREATE UNIQUE INDEX index_name
ON table_name (column_name)

DROP INDEX

DROP INDEX table_name.index_name (SQL Server)
DROP INDEX index_name ON table_name (MS Access)
DROP INDEX index_name (DB2/Oracle)
ALTER TABLE table_name
DROP INDEX index_name (MySQL)

CREATE VIEW

CREATE VIEW view_name AS
SELECT column_name(s)
FROM table_name
WHERE condition

DELETE

DELETE FROM table_name
WHERE some_column=some_value
or
DELETE FROM table_name 
(Note: Deletes the entire table!!)
DELETE * FROM table_name 
(Note: Deletes the entire table!!)

GROUP BY

SELECT column_name, aggregate_function(column_name)
FROM table_name
WHERE column_name operator value
GROUP BY column_name

HAVING

SELECT column_name, aggregate_function(column_name)
FROM table_name
WHERE column_name operator value
GROUP BY column_name
HAVING aggregate_function(column_name) operator value

IN

SELECT column_name(s)
FROM table_name
WHERE column_name
IN (value1,value2,..)

INSERT INTO

INSERT INTO table_name
VALUES (value1, value2, value3,....)
or
INSERT INTO table_name
(column1, column2, column3,...)
VALUES (value1, value2, value3,....)

INNER JOIN

SELECT column_name(s)
FROM table_name1
INNER JOIN table_name2 
ON table_name1.column_name=table_name2.column_name

LEFT JOIN

SELECT column_name(s)
FROM table_name1
LEFT JOIN table_name2 
ON table_name1.column_name=table_name2.column_name

RIGHT JOIN

SELECT column_name(s)
FROM table_name1
RIGHT JOIN table_name2 
ON table_name1.column_name=table_name2.column_name

FULL JOIN

SELECT column_name(s)
FROM table_name1
FULL JOIN table_name2 
ON table_name1.column_name=table_name2.column_name

LIKE

SELECT column_name(s)
FROM table_name
WHERE column_name LIKE pattern

ORDER BY

SELECT column_name(s)
FROM table_name
ORDER BY column_name [ASC|DESC]

SELECT

SELECT column_name(s) FROM table_name

SELECT *

SELECT * FROM table_name

SELECT DISTINCT

SELECT DISTINCT column_name(s) FROM table_name

SELECT INTO

SELECT *
INTO new_table_name [IN externaldatabase]
FROM old_table_name
or
SELECT column_name(s)
INTO new_table_name [IN externaldatabase]
FROM old_table_name

SELECT TOP

SELECT TOP number|percent column_name(s) FROM table_name

TRUNCATE TABLE

TRUNCATE TABLE table_name

UNION

SELECT column_name(s) FROM table_name1
UNION
SELECT column_name(s) FROM table_name2

UNION ALL

SELECT column_name(s) FROM table_name1
UNION ALL
SELECT column_name(s) FROM table_name2

UPDATE

UPDATE table_name
SET column1=value, column2=value,...
WHERE some_column=some_value

WHERE

SELECT column_name(s)
FROM table_name
WHERE column_name operator value

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