linux系统硬盘分区
linux系统硬盘分区
linux分区最大支持16个分区
1.MBR 主引导分区 446字节 2.MPT 主分区表 64字节
3.分区大小为16字节，故有4个分区，其中3个主分区，1个扩展分区，扩展分区中成为逻辑分区
4.注意：MBR分区最大只能分2TB，可识别的分区总数为16，可用的为14.
1.分区划分
fdisk /dev/vdb
elcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2).
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.
Command (m for help): N 新建分区
d delete a partition 删除分区
l list known partition types 列出系统可用的分区类型
n add a new partition 新建分区
p print the partition table 显示分区
q quit without saving changes 推出
t change a partition's system id 修改分区功能id
w write table to disk and exit 保存更改到分区表中
Partition type:
p primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free) 分区类型位主分区
e extended 分区类型位扩展分区
Select (default p): 默认位主分区
Using default response p
Partition number (1-4, default 1): 1 主分区id
First sector (2048-20971519, default 2048): 此分区起始位置
Using default value 2048
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (2048-20971519, default 20971519): +100M 分区大小
Partition 1 of type Linux and of size 100 MiB is set
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/vdb: 10.7 GB, 10737418240 bytes, 20971520 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x193488c3
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/vdb1 2048 206847 102400 83 Linux
Command (m for help): wq 保存推出，如果安q表示放弃更改退出
[root@localhost mnt]# partprobe 同步分区表
cat /proc/partitions 查看系统识别的分区信息
mkfs.xfs /dev/vdb1 格式化
mount /dev/vdb5 /mnt 临时挂载
vim /etc/fstab 永久挂载
devic mountpoint ftype defaults(mountpoint) 0 0
/dev/vdb1 /mnt xfs defaults 0 0
mount -a 使/etc/fstab中记录的挂载策略生效
设定分区方式为gpt
[root@server0 ~] parted /dev/vdb
GNU Parted 3.1
Using /dev/vdb
Welcome to GNU Parted! Type 'help' to view a list of commands.
(parted) mklabel
(parted) quit
2.swap
1.fdisk /dev/vdb 分区
2.fdisk 中修改swap分区标识
gpt 14
doc 82
3.
mkswap /dev/vdbn
4.
swapon -a /dev/vdbn
5.
vim /etc/fstab
/dev/vdbn swap swap defaults,pri=1 0 0
6.
swapoff /dev/vdbn
3. 磁盘加密
fdisk /dev/vdb
cryptsetup luksFormat /dev/vdb1
cryptsetup open /dev/vdb1 westos
mkfs.xfs /dev/mapper/westos
mount /dev/mapper/westos /mnt/
umount /mnt/
cryptsetup close westos
2.加密磁盘的永久挂载
vim /etc/crypttab
解密后设备管理文件 设备 加密字符存放文件
redhat /dev/vdb1 /root/lukspsfile
vim /root/lukspsfile
chmod 600 /root/lukspsfile
cryptsetup luksAddKey /dev/vdb1 /root/lukspsfile
vim /etc/fstab
/dev/mapper/redhat /mnt xfs defaults 0 0
reboot
3.加密清除
vim /etc/fstab
> /etc/crypttab
rm -fr /root/lukspsfile
umount /mnt/
cryptsetup close redhat
mkfs.xfs /dev/vdb1
4.磁盘阵列
fdisk /dev/vdb
mdadm -C /dev/md0 -a yes -l 1 -n 2 -x 1 /dev/vdb{1..3}
mkfs.xfs /dev/md0
mount /dev/md0 /mnt/
watch -n 1 cat /proc/mdstat
mdadm -f /dev/md0 /dev/vdb1
mdadm -D /dev/md0
mdadm -r /dev/md0 /dev/vdb1
mdadm -a /dev/md0 /dev/vdb1
umount /mnt/
mdadm -S /dev/md0
5.配额
mount -o usrquota /dev/vdb1 /pub
quotaon -uv /dev/vdb1
edquota -u student
Disk quotas for user student (uid 1000):
Filesystem blocks soft hard inodes soft hard
/dev/vdb1 102400 0 40000 1 0 0
su - student
dd if=/dev/zero of=/pub/file bs=1M count=500
dd: error writing ‘/pub/file’: Disk quota exceeded
101+0 records in
100+0 records out
104857600 bytes (105 MB) copied, 0.0916726 s, 1.1 GB/s
quota
Disk quotas for user student (uid 1000):
Filesystem blocks quota limit grace files quota limit grace
/dev/vdb1 102400* 0 102400 1 0 0