Linux学习篇第三章之~mariadb
Mariadb数据库
安装Mariadb数据库
配置和管理数据库 配置数据库用户和访问权限
备份和恢复数据库
1.Mariadb安装
> yum install mariadb-server -y ####下载数据库软件
> systemctl start mariadb #####开启服务
> mysql ####进入到数据库中
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MariaDB connection id is 2
Server version: 5.5.35-MariaDB MariaDB Server
Copyright (c) 2000, 2013, Oracle, Monty Program Ab and others.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
MariaDB [(none)]> quit
Bye
> netstat -antlpe | grep mysql ####查看mysql端口情况
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:3306 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 27 76495 3536/mysqld
> vim /etc/my.cnf #####编写配置文件，屏蔽网络接口
[root@mariadb ~]# systemctl restart mariadb
[root@mariadb ~]# netstat -antlpe | grep mysql #####查看mysql服务
[root@mariadb ~]# mysql
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MariaDB connection id is 2
Server version: 5.5.35-MariaDB MariaDB Server
Copyright (c) 2000, 2013, Oracle, Monty Program Ab and others.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
MariaDB [(none)]> quit
Bye
> mysql_secure_installation ###安全初始化
Set root password? [Y/n] Y #####设置root用户密码
New password:
Re-enter new password:
Password updated successfully!
Reloading privilege tables..
... Success!
Remove anonymous users? [Y/n] Y #####删除匿名用户
... Success!
Disallow root login remotely? [Y/n] Y #####不允许远程用户登录
... Success!
Remove test database and access to it? [Y/n] Y ######删除测试数据库
[root@mariadb ~]# mysql
ERROR 1045 (28000): Access denied for user 'root'@'localhost' (using password: NO)
[root@mariadb ~]# mysql -uroot -p ####root用户登录
MariaDB [(none)]> show databases; #####显示数据库
MariaDB [(none)]> use mysql #####进入mysql库
Database changed
MariaDB [mysql]> show tables; ####显示当前库中表的名称
MariaDB [mysql]> desc user; ######查询user表的结构（显示所有字段的名称）
MariaDB [mysql]> select * from user; #####查询user表中所有内容（*可以用此表中的任何字段来代替）
2.数据库的建立
MariaDB [(none)]> create database westos; ####创建westos库
MariaDB [(none)]> show databases; #####显示数据库
MariaDB [(none)]> use westos ####进入westos库
MariaDB [westos]> create table linux( #####创建linux表，表含有两个字段，username，password
-> username varchar(15) not null,
-> password varchar(15) not null);
MariaDB [westos]> insert into linux values ('user1','123'); ####向linux表中插入数据,username的字段的 数据为user1，password字段的数据为123
MariaDB [westos]> insert into linux values ('user2',password('123'));
MariaDB [westos]> select * from linux; #####查询linux表中内容
MariaDB [westos]> update linux set password=password('123') where username='user1'; #####更新 user1的密码
MariaDB [westos]> select * from linux; #####查询linux表中内容
MariaDB [westos]> delete from linux where username='user1'; #####删除user1信息
MariaDB [westos]> select * from linux;
MariaDB [westos]> alter table linux add class varchar(20) not null after password; ####添加class字段到 linux表中且不为空，添加到password字段
3.用户授权
[root@mariadb mnt]# mysql -uroot -pwestos #####root用户登录
MariaDB [(none)]> select User from mysql.user; #####查看User
MariaDB [(none)]> create user zhao@localhost identified by 'zhao'; #####建立本地用户zhao
MariaDB [(none)]> create user zhao@'%' identified by 'zhao'; 
[root@mariadb mnt]# mysql -uzhao -pzhao -h 172.25.254.142
ERROR 2003 (HY000): Can't connect to MySQL server on '172.25.254.142' (111)
[root@mariadb mnt]# vim /etc/my.cnf
skip-networking=0
[root@mariadb mnt]# systemctl restart mariadb
[root@mariadb mnt]# mysql -uzhao -pzhao -h 172.25.254.143 ##测试
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MariaDB connection id is 2
Server version: 5.5.35-MariaDB MariaDB Server
Copyright (c) 2000, 2013, Oracle, Monty Program Ab and others.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
MariaDB [(none)]> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
+--------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
MariaDB [(none)]> quit
[root@mariadb mnt]# mysql -uroot -pwestos
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MariaDB connection id is 3
Server version: 5.5.35-MariaDB MariaDB Server
Copyright (c) 2000, 2013, Oracle, Monty Program Ab and others.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
MariaDB [(none)]> grant insert,update,delete,select on westos.* to lee@localhost;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
MariaDB [(none)]> grant select on westos.* to zhao@'%';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
MariaDB [(none)]> show grants for zhao@'%';
+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Grants for zhao@% |
+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| GRANT USAGE ON *.* TO 'zhao'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY PASSWORD '*9BB439A3A652A9DAD3718215F77A7AA06108A267' |
| GRANT SELECT ON `westos`.* TO 'zhao'@'%' |
+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
MariaDB [(none)]> show grants for zhao@localhost;
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Grants for zhao@localhost |
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| GRANT USAGE ON *.* TO 'zhao'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY PASSWORD '*9BB439A3A652A9DAD3718215F77A7AA06108A267' |
| GRANT SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE ON `westos`.* TO 'zhao'@'localhost' |
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
4.数据库的网页管理工具
> yum install httpd php php-mysql -y ##安装服务
> systemctl start httpd
> systemctl enable httpd
>tar jxf phpMyAdmin-3.4.0-all-languages.tar.bz2 -C /var/www/html/ ##解压文件到指定目录
> cd /var/www/html/
> ls
phpMyAdmin-3.4.0-all-languages
> mv phpMyAdmin-3.4.0-all-languages/ mysqladmin ##重命名
> cp -p config.sample.inc.php config.inc.php ##复制模板
> vim config.inc.php
>systemctl restart httpd
5.密码修改
当超级用户忘记密码
[root@mariadb mnt]# systemctl stop mariadb ####关闭mysql
[root@mariadb mnt]# mysqld_safe --skip-grant-tables & ####开启mysql登录接口并忽略授权表
[1] 2189
[root@mariadb mnt]# 170513 01:49:03 mysqld_safe Logging to '/var/log/mariadb/mariadb.log'.
170513 01:49:03 mysqld_safe Starting mysqld daemon with databases from /var/lib/mysql
[root@mariadb mnt]# mysql ####直接不用密码可以登录
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MariaDB connection id is 1
Server version: 5.5.35-MariaDB MariaDB Server
Copyright (c) 2000, 2013, Oracle, Monty Program Ab and others.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
MariaDB [(none)]> update mysql.user set Password=password('123') where User='root'; ######更新 超级用户密码信息
[root@mariadb mnt]# fg
mysqld_safe --skip-grant-tables
^Z
[1]+ Stopped mysqld_safe --skip-grant-tables
[root@mariadb mnt]# killall -9 mysqld_safe
[1]+ Killed mysqld_safe --skip-grant-tables
[root@mariadb mnt]# ps aux | grep mysql #####过滤mysql的所有进程并结束这些进程
mysql 2351 0.0 9.0 859068 89732 pts/1 Sl 01:49 0:00 /usr/libexec/mysqld --basedir=/usr --datadir=/var/lib/mysql --plugin-dir=/usr/lib64/mysql/plugin --user=mysql --skip-grant-tables --log-error=/var/log/mariadb/mariadb.log --pid-file=/var/run/mariadb/mariadb.pid --socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
root 2413 0.0 0.0 112640 936 pts/1 R+ 01:53 0:00 grep --color=auto mysql
[root@mariadb mnt]# kill -9 2351
[root@mariadb mnt]# ps aux | grep mysql
root 2433 0.0 0.0 112640 932 pts/1 R+ 01:54 0:00 grep --color=auto mysql
[root@mariadb mnt]# systemctl start mariadb ######重新开启mysql
[root@mariadb mnt]# mysql -uroot -p123 #####登录测试
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MariaDB connection id is 2
Server version: 5.5.35-MariaDB MariaDB Server
Copyright (c) 2000, 2013, Oracle, Monty Program Ab and others.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement
MariaDB [(none)]> quit
Bye