SpringBoot系列——Java配置(SpringMVC配置)

接下来我们来学习SpringMVC的Java配置方式,现在让我们来快速的搭建一个springMVC项目。

实例:

1. 构建Maven项目
pom.xml内容:


<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0modelVersion>

    <groupId>com.shangfugroupId>
    <artifactId>Spring-BootartifactId>
    <version>1.0-SNAPSHOTversion>

    <properties>
        <java.version>1.7java.version>
    properties>

    <dependencies>
        
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframeworkgroupId>
            <artifactId>spring-contextartifactId>
            <version>4.2.5.RELEASEversion>
        dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframeworkgroupId>
            <artifactId>spring-aopartifactId>
            <version>4.2.5.RELEASEversion>
        dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframeworkgroupId>
            <artifactId>spring-aspectsartifactId>
            <version>4.2.5.RELEASEversion>
        dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframeworkgroupId>
            <artifactId>spring-webartifactId>
            <version>4.2.5.RELEASEversion>
        dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframeworkgroupId>
            <artifactId>spring-webmvcartifactId>
            <version>4.2.5.RELEASEversion>
        dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframeworkgroupId>
            <artifactId>spring-txartifactId>
            <version>4.2.5.RELEASEversion>
        dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframeworkgroupId>
            <artifactId>spring-testartifactId>
            <version>4.2.5.RELEASEversion>
        dependency>


        <dependency>
            <groupId>commons-iogroupId>
            <artifactId>commons-ioartifactId>
            <version>2.3version>
        dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>javax.annotationgroupId>
            <artifactId>jsr250-apiartifactId>
            <version>1.0version>
        dependency>

        
        <dependency>
            <groupId>javax.servletgroupId>
            <artifactId>javax.servlet-apiartifactId>
            <version>3.1.0version>
        dependency>

        
        <dependency>
            <groupId>javax.servletgroupId>
            <artifactId>jstlartifactId>
            <version>1.2version>
        dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>javax.servlet.jspgroupId>
            <artifactId>jsp-apiartifactId>
            <version>2.2version>
        dependency>

        
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.slf4jgroupId>
            <artifactId>slf4j-apiartifactId>
            <version>1.7.5version>
        dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.slf4jgroupId>
            <artifactId>jcl-over-slf4jartifactId>
            <version>1.7.5version>
        dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>log4jgroupId>
            <artifactId>log4jartifactId>
            <version>1.2.16version>
        dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>ch.qos.logbackgroupId>
            <artifactId>logback-classicartifactId>
            <version>1.0.13version>
        dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>ch.qos.logbackgroupId>
            <artifactId>logback-coreartifactId>
            <version>1.0.13version>
        dependency>
        <dependency>
        <groupId>ch.qos.logbackgroupId>
            <artifactId>logback-accessartifactId>
            <version>1.0.13version>
        dependency>

        
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.coregroupId>
            <artifactId>jackson-coreartifactId>
            <version>2.4.6version>
        dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.coregroupId>
            <artifactId>jackson-databindartifactId>
            <version>2.4.6version>
        dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.coregroupId>
            <artifactId>jackson-annotationsartifactId>
            <version>2.4.6version>
        dependency>

        
        <dependency>
            <groupId>commons-fileuploadgroupId>
            <artifactId>commons-fileuploadartifactId>
            <version>1.3.1version>
        dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>junitgroupId>
            <artifactId>junitartifactId>
            <version>4.12version>
        dependency>

    dependencies>

    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.apache.maven.pluginsgroupId>
                <artifactId>maven-compiler-pluginartifactId>
                <version>2.3.2version>
                <configuration>
                    <source>${java.version}source>
                    <target>${java.version}target>
                configuration>
            plugin>
        plugins>
    build>

project>

2. 日志配置
在src/main/resource目录下,新建一个logback.xml用来配置日志,内容如下:






<configuration  scan="true" scanPeriod="30 seconds">

    
    <appender name="console" class="ch.qos.logback.core.ConsoleAppender">
        <encoder>
            
            <pattern>%d{yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss} [%thread] %-5level %logger{50} - %msg%npattern>
        encoder>
    appender>
    <root level="DEBUG">
        <appender-ref ref="console" />
    root>
configuration>

3. 演示界面
在src/resources下建立views目录,并在此目录下新建index.jsp,内容如下

<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" %>

<html>
<head>
    <meta charset="utf-8">
    <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
    <title>Insert title heretitle>
head>
<body>
    <pre>
        Welcome to Spring MVC world
    pre>
body>
html>

4. SpringMVC配置

@Configuration
@EnableWebMvc  //开启SpringMVC注解
@ComponentScan("springmvc")
public class MyMvcConfig extends WebMvcConfigurerAdapter{
    @Bean
    public InternalResourceViewResolver viewResolver(){ //添加一个解析jsp的视图解析器
        InternalResourceViewResolver viewResolver = new InternalResourceViewResolver();
        viewResolver.setPrefix("/WEB-INF/classes/views/");
        viewResolver.setSuffix(".jsp");
        viewResolver.setViewClass(JstlView.class);
        return viewResolver;
    }
}

你可能对路径的前缀配置为WEB-INF/classes/views有些奇怪,怎麽和我开发的目录不一致,因为看到的页面的效果是运行时而不是开发时的代码,运行时的代码会将我们页面开发自动编译到/WEB-INF/classes/views下,所以我们的目录就应该写成这样!

6. 简单的controller

@Controller  //声明是一个控制器
public class HelloController {
    @RequestMapping("/index") //配置URL与方法之间的映射
    public String hello(){
        return "index";  //返回试图解析名,
    }
}

7. 运行
将程序部署到Tomcat中,启动Tomcat,并访问http://localhost:8080/项目名/index
结果如下:
SpringBoot系列——Java配置(SpringMVC配置)_第1张图片

SpringMVC的常用注解

  • @Controller

    @Controller 注解在类上,表明这个类是SpringMVC中controller,将其声明为Spring的一个Bean,Dispatcher Servlet会自动扫描注解了次注解的类,并将web请求映射到注解了@ResquestMapping的方法上。这里特别指出,在声明普通的Bean的时候,使用@Component、@Service、@Repository和@Controller是等价的,但在声明控制器的时候,只能用@Controller

  • @RequestMapping

    RequestMapping是一个用来处理请求地址映射的注解,可用于类或方法上。用于类上,表示类中的所有响应请求的方法都是以该地址作为父路径。
    返回值会通过视图解析器解析为实际的物理视图,对于 InternalResourceViewResolver 视图解析器,会做如下的解析:
    通过 prefix + returnVal + suffix 这样的方式得到实际的物理视图,然后做转发操作;
    RequestMapping注解有六个属性:
      1. value
      value:指定请求的实际地
      2. method
    method: 指定请求的method类型, GET、POST、PUT、DELETE等,下面例子的@PathVariable后面讲解:
      3. consumes
    consumes: 指定处理请求的提交内容类型(Content-Type),例如application/json, text/html
      4. produces
    produces: 指定返回的内容类型,仅当request请求头中的(Accept)类型中包含该指定类型才返回;
      5. params
    params: 指定request中必须包含某些参数值是,才让该方法处理。
      6. headers
    headers: 指定request中必须包含某些指定的header值,才能让该方法处理请求。

  • @PathVariable

    当使用@RequestMapping URI template 样式映射时, 即 someUrl/{paramId}, 这时的paramId可通过 @Pathvariable注解绑定它传过来的值到方法的参数上。

  • @RequestParam

    @RequestParam用于将请求参数区数据映射到功能处理方法的参数上,用例:

  • @ResponseBody 

    作用: 该注解用于将Controller的方法返回的对象,通过适当的HttpMessageConverter转换为指定格式后,写入到Response对象的body数据区。
    使用时机:返回的数据不是html标签的页面,而是其他某种格式的数据时(如json、xml等)使用

  • @SessionAttributes

    @SessionAttributes即将值放到session作用域中,写在class上面。  
    @SessionAttributes 除了可以通过属性名指定需要放到会话中的属性外(value 属性值),
    还可以通过模型属性的对象类型指定哪些模型属性需要放到会话中(types 属性值),用例:

注意: 该注解只能放在类的上面,不能放在方法上面

  • @ModelAttribute

    代表的是:该Controller的所有方法在调用前,先执行此@ModelAttribute方法,可用于注解和方法参数中,可以把这个@ModelAttribute特性,应用在BaseController当中,所有的Controller继承BaseController,即可实现在调用Controller时,先执行@ModelAttribute方法。

  • @RestController

    我们经常见到一些控制器实现了REST的API,只为服务于JSON,XML或其它自定义的类型内容,@RestController用来创建REST类型的控制器,与@Controller类型。@RestController就是这样一种类型,它避免了你重复的写@RequestMapping与@ResponseBody。

示例:

由于前面我们已经搭建好了后面学习的环境,所以后面我们直接写代码
1. 传值类
封装request对象参数和返回此对象到response

public class DemoObj implements Serializable{
    private Long id;
    private String name;
    public DemoObj(){}

    public DemoObj(Long id, String name) {
        this.id = id;
        this.name = name;
    }

    public Long getId() {
        return id;
    }

    public void setId(Long id) {
        this.id = id;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "DemoObj{" +
                "id=" + id +
                ", name='" + name + '\'' +
                '}';
    }
}

2. 注解演示控制器

@Controller  //声明此类是一个控制器
@RequestMapping("/anno")  //此方法的访问路径为/anno
public class DemoAnnoController {
    @RequestMapping(produces = "text/plain;charset=UTF-8")  //定义返回数据类型为json
    public @ResponseBody String index(HttpServletRequest request){  //接收参数为HttpServletResquest
        return "url:"+request.getRequestURL()+"can access";
    }

    @RequestMapping(value="/pathvar/{str}",produces = "text/plain;charset=UTF-8")  //接收路径参数
    public @ResponseBody String demoPathVar(@PathVariable String str, HttpServletRequest request){
        return "url:"+request.getRequestURL()+"can access"+"  str:"+str;
    }

    @RequestMapping(value="/resquestParam" ,produces = "text/plain;charset=UTF-8")  //演示常规的request参数获取
    public @ResponseBody String passRequestParam(Long id,HttpServletRequest request){
        return "url:"+request.getRequestURL()+"can access ,id:"+id;
    }

    @RequestMapping(value="/obj" ,produces = "text/plain;charset=UTF-8")  //演示解释参数到对象
    public @ResponseBody String passObj(DemoObj obj,HttpServletRequest request){
        System.out.println(obj);
        return "url:"+request.getRequestURL()+"can access , obj id:"+obj.getId()+"obj name:"+obj.getName();
    }

    @RequestMapping(value={"/name1","/name2"} ,produces = "text/plain;charset=UTF-8")
    public @ResponseBody String remove(HttpServletRequest request){
        return "url:"+request.getRequestURL()+"can access";
    }

}

结果:
1.访问 localhost:8080/anno/
url:http://localhost:8080/anno/can access
2.访问 localhost:8080/anno/pathvar/2
url:http://localhost:8080/anno/pathvar/2can access str:2
3. 访问 localhost:8080/anno/resquestParam?id=1
url:http://localhost:8080/anno/resquestParamcan access ,id:1
4. 访问 localhost:8080/anno/resquestParam?id=1&name=hyh
url:http://localhost:8080/anno/resquestParamcan access ,id:1
5. 访问 localhost:8080/anno/name2
url:http://localhost:8080/anno/name2can access

MVC基本配置

SpringMVC的定制配置需要我们的配置类继承一个 WebMvcConfigurerAdapter类,并在此类使用@EnableWebMvc注解,来开启对SpringMVC的配置支持,这样我们就可以重写这个类的方法,完成我们的常用的配置。

1. 静态资源映射

程序的静态文件(js,css,img)等需要直接访问,这是我们可以在配置里重写addResourceHandlers方法来实现

示例:

1.添加静态资源
同上,我们在src/mian/resource/下建立一个assets/js目录,并复制一个jquery.js的文件,放置到下面

SpringBoot系列——Java配置(SpringMVC配置)_第2张图片

2.配置代码
在上面的WebMvcConfig的基础上添加下列代码

@Override
    public void addResourceHandlers(ResourceHandlerRegistry registry) {
        //文件放置的目录     对外暴露的访问路径
        registry.addResourceHandler("/assets/**").addResourceLocations("classpath:/assets/");
    }

结果如下:
SpringBoot系列——Java配置(SpringMVC配置)_第3张图片

2. 拦截器设置

拦截器实现对每一个请求处理前后进行相关的业务处理,类似于Servlet的Filter
可让普通的Bean实现HanlderInterceptor接口或者继承HandlerInterceptorAdapter类来实现自定义拦截器
通过重写WebMvcConfigurerAdapteraddInterceptors方法来注册自定义的拦截器,本节实例为一个简单的拦截器:计算每一次请求的处理时间

示例:

1.自定义拦截器

public class DemoInterceptor extends HandlerInterceptorAdapter{  //自定义拦截器
    @Override
    public boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler) throws Exception {  //请求方法前执行
        long startTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
        request.setAttribute("startTime",startTime );
        return true;
    }

    @Override
    public void postHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler, ModelAndView modelAndView) throws Exception { //请求方法后执行
        long startTime = (long)request.getAttribute("startTime");
        request.removeAttribute("startTime");
        long endTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
        System.out.println("本次请求时间为:"+ new Long(endTime-startTime)+"ms");
        request.setAttribute("handlingTime", endTime-startTime);
    }
}

2.配置
同上

    @Bean
    public DemoInterceptor demoInterceptor(){  //注册拦截器
        return new DemoInterceptor();
    }

3.运行
SpringBoot系列——Java配置(SpringMVC配置)_第4张图片

3.全局异常处理

通过@ControllerAdvice,我们可以将对于控制器的全局配置放置在同一个位置,注解了@Controller的类的方法可以使用@ExceptionHandlerInitBinder@ModelAttribute注解到方法上,这对左右注解了@ResquestMapping的控制器内的方法有效

  • @ExceptionHandler:用于全局处理控制器里的异常
  • @InitBinder:用来设置WebDataBinder,WebDataBinder用来自动绑定前台请求参数到Moder中
  • @ModerAttribute:作用是绑定键值到Model中

示例:

1.定制ControllerAdvice

@ControllerAdvice  //声明控制器建言
public class ExceptionHandlerAdvice {
    @ExceptionHandler(value = Exception.class)  //拦截所有Exception异常,通过value指定
    public ModelAndView exception(Exception exception, WebRequest request){
        ModelAndView modelAndView = new ModelAndView("error");
        modelAndView.addObject("errorMessage",exception.getMessage());
        return modelAndView;
    }

    @ModelAttribute  //将键值对添加到Model
    public void addAttrbutes(Model model){
       model.addAttribute("msg","额外信息");
    }

    @InitBinder  //注解定制WebDataBinder
    public void initBinder(WebDataBinder webDataBinder){
        webDataBinder.setDisallowedFields("id"); //忽略请求参数id
    }

}

2.演示控制器

@Controller
public class AdviceController {
    @RequestMapping("/advice")
    public String getSomething(@ModelAttribute("msg") String msg, DemoObj obj){
        throw new IllegalArgumentException("非常抱歉,参数有误/"+"  来自@ModelAttribute:"+msg);
    }
}

3.异常界面

public abstract class WebMvcConfigurerAdapter implements WebMvcConfigurer {

    /**
     * {@inheritDoc}
     * 

This implementation is empty. */ @Override public void addFormatters(FormatterRegistry registry) { } /** * {@inheritDoc} *

This implementation is empty. */ @Override public void configureMessageConverters(List> converters) { } /** * {@inheritDoc} *

This implementation is empty. */ @Override public void extendMessageConverters(List> converters) { } /** * {@inheritDoc} *

This implementation returns {@code null} */ @Override public Validator getValidator() { return null; } /** * {@inheritDoc} *

This implementation is empty. */ @Override public void configureContentNegotiation(ContentNegotiationConfigurer configurer) { } /** * {@inheritDoc} *

This implementation is empty. */ @Override public void configureAsyncSupport(AsyncSupportConfigurer configurer) { } /** * {@inheritDoc} *

This implementation is empty. */ @Override public void configurePathMatch(PathMatchConfigurer configurer) { } /** * {@inheritDoc} *

This implementation is empty. */ @Override public void addArgumentResolvers(List argumentResolvers) { } /** * {@inheritDoc} *

This implementation is empty. */ @Override public void addReturnValueHandlers(List returnValueHandlers) { } /** * {@inheritDoc} *

This implementation is empty. */ @Override public void configureHandlerExceptionResolvers(List exceptionResolvers) { } /** * {@inheritDoc} *

This implementation is empty. */ @Override public MessageCodesResolver getMessageCodesResolver() { return null; } /** * {@inheritDoc} *

This implementation is empty. */ @Override public void addInterceptors(InterceptorRegistry registry) { } /** * {@inheritDoc} *

This implementation is empty. */ @Override public void addViewControllers(ViewControllerRegistry registry) { } /** * {@inheritDoc} *

This implementation is empty. */ @Override public void configureViewResolvers(ViewResolverRegistry registry) { } /** * {@inheritDoc} *

This implementation is empty. */ @Override public void addResourceHandlers(ResourceHandlerRegistry registry) { } /** * {@inheritDoc} *

This implementation is empty. */ @Override public void configureDefaultServletHandling(DefaultServletHandlerConfigurer configurer) { } /** * {@inheritDoc} *

This implementation is empty. */ @Override public void addCorsMappings(CorsRegistry registry) { } }

其他的设置请自行参阅!无非就是重写方法而已

SpringMVC高级配置

1.文件上传配置

文件上传是一个项目里经常要用到的功能,SpringMVC通过配置一个MultipartResolver来上传文件
在Spring的控制器中,通过MultipartFile file来接收文件,通过MultipartFile[] files来接收多文件上传

示例:

1.上传页面

<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" %>

<html>
<head>
    <meta charset="utf-8">
    <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
    <title>upload pagetitle>
head>
<body>
    <div>
        <form action="upload" enctype="multipart/form-data" method="post">
            <input type="file" name="file"/>
            <input type="submit" value="上传"/>
        form>
    div>
body>
html>

2.添加转向到upload页面的ViewController

  @Override
    public void addViewControllers(ViewControllerRegistry registry) {
        registry.addViewController("/welcome").setViewName("/index");
        registry.addViewController("/toUpload").setViewName("/upload");
    }

3.MultipartResolver配置

/*文件上传下载配置*/
    @Bean
    public MultipartResolver multipartResolver(){
        CommonsMultipartResolver multipartResolver = new CommonsMultipartResolver();
        multipartResolver.setMaxUploadSize(1000000);
        return multipartResolver;
    }

4.控制器

@Controller
public class UpAndLoadController {
    @RequestMapping(value="/upload" , method = RequestMethod.POST)
    public @ResponseBody String upload(MultipartFile file){  //使用MultipartFile file接收文件上传
        try {
            FileUtils.writeByteArrayToFile(new File("e:/"+file.getOriginalFilename()),file.getBytes());  //将文件写入硬盘
            return "ok";
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
            return "wrong";
        }
    }
}

5.运行
SpringBoot系列——Java配置(SpringMVC配置)_第5张图片
结果
SpringBoot系列——Java配置(SpringMVC配置)_第6张图片

2.自定义HttpMessageConverter

自定义HttpMessageConverter来处理request和response数据
1.自定义HttpMessageConverter

public class MyMessageConverter extends AbstractHttpMessageConverter<DemoObj>{  
    public MyMessageConverter(){  //自定义媒体类型application/x-wisely
        super(new MediaType("application","x-wisely", Charset.forName("UTF-8")));
    }
    @Override
    protected boolean supports(Class clazz) {
        return DemoObj.class.isAssignableFrom(clazz);
    }

    @Override
    protected DemoObj readInternal(Classextends DemoObj> clazz, HttpInputMessage inputMessage) throws IOException, HttpMessageNotReadableException { //处理请求数据
        String temp = StreamUtils.copyToString(inputMessage.getBody(),Charset.forName("UTF-8"));
        String[] tempArr = temp.split("-");
        return new DemoObj(new Long(tempArr[0]),tempArr[1]);
    }

    @Override
    protected void writeInternal(DemoObj obj, HttpOutputMessage outputMessage) throws IOException, HttpMessageNotWritableException {  //处理响应数据
        String out = "hello:"+obj.getId()+"-"+obj.getName();
        outputMessage.getBody().write(out.getBytes());
    }
}

2.配置

  @Bean
    public MyMessageConverter converter(){  
        return new MyMessageConverter();
    }
    @Override  
    public void extendMessageConverters(List> converters) { //添加自己的自定义消息处理器
        converters.add(converter());
    }

3.演示控制器

@Controller
public class ConverterController  {
    @RequestMapping(value = "/convert",produces = {"application/x-wisely"}) //指定返回值类型为我们自定义类型
    @ResponseBody  
    public DemoObj convert(DemoObj demoObj){
        return demoObj;
    }
}

4.运行

SpringBoot系列——Java配置(SpringMVC配置)_第7张图片

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