那么如果在该JAR包内其他的类中使用接口IA的时候,硬编码IA对象对应的具体实现类,就会导致非常不灵活。这就是SPI机制产生的场景由来。
简单来说,SPI机制提供了一个表达接口和其具体实现类之间的绑定关系的方案。具体是在JAR包的"META-INF/services/"目录下建立一个文件,文件名是接口的全限定名,文件的内容可以有多行,每行都是该接口对应的具体实现类的全限定名。
在commons-logging:commons-logging:1.1包中有个LogFactory抽象类(全限定名是"org.apache.commons.logging.LogFactory"),在其中有个静态方法
public static LogFactory getFactory() throws LogConfigurationException
用于获取一个默认的LogFactory实例。
if(factory == null) {
if(isDiagnosticsEnabled()) {
logDiagnostic("[LOOKUP] Looking for a resource file of name [META-INF/services/org.apache.commons.logging.LogFactory] to define the LogFactory subclass to use...");
}
try {
InputStream names1 = getResourceAsStream(contextClassLoader, "META-INF/services/org.apache.commons.logging.LogFactory");
if(names1 != null) {
BufferedReader name;
try {
name = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(names1, "UTF-8"));
} catch (UnsupportedEncodingException var7) {
name = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(names1));
}
value = name.readLine();
name.close();
if(value != null && !"".equals(value)) {
if(isDiagnosticsEnabled()) {
logDiagnostic("[LOOKUP] Creating an instance of LogFactory class " + value + " as specified by file \'" + "META-INF/services/org.apache.commons.logging.LogFactory" + "\' which was present in the path of the context" + " classloader.");
}
factory = newFactory(value, baseClassLoader, contextClassLoader);
}
} else if(isDiagnosticsEnabled()) {
logDiagnostic("[LOOKUP] No resource file with name \'META-INF/services/org.apache.commons.logging.LogFactory\' found.");
}
} catch (Exception var8) {
if(isDiagnosticsEnabled()) {
logDiagnostic("[LOOKUP] A security exception occurred while trying to create an instance of the custom factory class: [" + var8.getMessage().trim() + "]. Trying alternative implementations...");
}
}
}
现在有以下类层次结构
IA的内容如下:
package spi;
public interface IA {
void doIt();
}
AIA的内容如下:
package spi;
public class AIA implements IA {
public void doIt() {
System.out.println("doIt In AIA");
}
}
BIA的内容如下:
package spi;
public class BIA implements IA {
public void doIt() {
System.out.println("doIt In BIA");
}
}
CIA的内容如下:
package spi;
public class CIA implements IA {
public void doIt() {
System.out.println("doIt In CIA");
}
}
Main的内容如下:
package spi;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.ServiceLoader;
public class Main {
public static void main(String[] args) {
ServiceLoader spiLoader = ServiceLoader.load(IA.class);
Iterator iaIterator = spiLoader.iterator();
while (iaIterator.hasNext()) {
iaIterator.next().doIt();
}
}
}
在META-INF/services/spi.IA文件中的内容如下:
spi.AIA
spi.BIA
spi.CIA
运行spi.Main,可以发现输出结果如下:
参考文献:
[1]http://singleant.iteye.com/blog/1497259
[2]http://blog.csdn.net/fenglibing/article/details/7083071