SpringBoot(4)wep开发(1)-----Thymeleaf模板使用详解和freemaker使用详解

SpringBoot(4)wep开发(1)-----webjar + Thymeleaf + freemaker的详解
1、 创建SpringBoot应用后,SpringBoot将基本的功能都自动配置好了
自动配置原理是什么呢?
在SpringBoot的依赖类中主要是以下两个类帮我们实现自动配置
xxxxAutoConfiguration:帮我们给容器中自动配置组件;
xxxxProperties:配置类来封装配置文件的内容;

2、 搭建wep开发需要引入静态资源
SpringBoot对静态资源的映射规则如下:
@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "spring.resources", ignoreUnknownFields = false)
public class ResourceProperties implements ResourceLoaderAware {
//可以设置和静态资源有关的参数,缓存时间等

WebMvcAuotConfiguration:
        @Override
        public void addResourceHandlers(ResourceHandlerRegistry registry) {
            if (!this.resourceProperties.isAddMappings()) {
                logger.debug("Default resource handling disabled");
                return;
            }
            Integer cachePeriod = this.resourceProperties.getCachePeriod();
            if (!registry.hasMappingForPattern("/webjars/**")) {
                customizeResourceHandlerRegistration(
                        registry.addResourceHandler("/webjars/**")
                                .addResourceLocations(
                                        "classpath:/META-INF/resources/webjars/")
                        .setCachePeriod(cachePeriod));
            }
            String staticPathPattern = this.mvcProperties.getStaticPathPattern();
              //静态资源文件夹映射
            if (!registry.hasMappingForPattern(staticPathPattern)) {
                customizeResourceHandlerRegistration(
                        registry.addResourceHandler(staticPathPattern)
                                .addResourceLocations(
                                        this.resourceProperties.getStaticLocations())
                        .setCachePeriod(cachePeriod));
            }
        }

        //配置欢迎页映射
        @Bean
        public WelcomePageHandlerMapping welcomePageHandlerMapping(
                ResourceProperties resourceProperties) {
            return new WelcomePageHandlerMapping(resourceProperties.getWelcomePage(),
                    this.mvcProperties.getStaticPathPattern());
        }

       //配置喜欢的图标
        @Configuration
        @ConditionalOnProperty(value = "spring.mvc.favicon.enabled", matchIfMissing = true)
        public static class FaviconConfiguration {

            private final ResourceProperties resourceProperties;

            public FaviconConfiguration(ResourceProperties resourceProperties) {
                this.resourceProperties = resourceProperties;
            }

            @Bean
            public SimpleUrlHandlerMapping faviconHandlerMapping() {
                SimpleUrlHandlerMapping mapping = new SimpleUrlHandlerMapping();
                mapping.setOrder(Ordered.HIGHEST_PRECEDENCE + 1);
                  //所有  **/favicon.ico 
                mapping.setUrlMap(Collections.singletonMap("**/favicon.ico",
                        faviconRequestHandler()));
                return mapping;
            }

            @Bean
            public ResourceHttpRequestHandler faviconRequestHandler() {
                ResourceHttpRequestHandler requestHandler = new ResourceHttpRequestHandler();
                requestHandler
                        .setLocations(this.resourceProperties.getFaviconLocations());
                return requestHandler;
            }

        }
1) 引入webjar
所有 /webjars/** ,都去 classpath:/META-INF/resources/webjars/ 找资源;
webjars:以jar包的方式引入静态资源;
SpringBoot(4)wep开发(1)-----Thymeleaf模板使用详解和freemaker使用详解_第1张图片
访问localhost:8080/webjars/jquery/3.3.1/jquery.js即可
在xml文件中引入依赖
在访问的时候只需要写webjars下面资源的名称即可
        
            org.webjars
            jquery
            3.3.1
        
2 )、 "/**" 访问当前项目的任何资源,都去(静态资源的文件夹)找映射
localhost:8080/abc === 去静态资源文件夹里面找 abc
3)、欢迎页; 静态资源文件夹下的所有index.html页面;被"/**"映射;
localhost:8080/ index 页面
4 )、所有的 **/favicon.ico 都是在静态资源文件下找;

3.模板引擎
常用得模板引擎有 JSP Velocity Freemarker Thymeleaf
SpringBoot推荐的Thymeleaf
1)引入Thymeleaf

            org.springframework.boot
            spring-boot-starter-thymeleaf
              2.1.6
        
切换thymeleaf版本

        3.0.9.RELEASE
        
        
        2.2.2
  
2) Thymeleaf 使用
@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "spring.thymeleaf")
public class ThymeleafProperties {

    private static final Charset DEFAULT_ENCODING = Charset.forName("UTF-8");

    private static final MimeType DEFAULT_CONTENT_TYPE = MimeType.valueOf("text/html");

    public static final String DEFAULT_PREFIX = "classpath:/templates/";

    public static final String DEFAULT_SUFFIX = ".html";
从上面的搜谱ringboot的源码中我们能看到只要我们把HTML页面放在classpath:/templates/thymeleaf就能自动渲染;
使用:
a、导入thymeleaf的名称空间
lang="en" xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org">
b、使用thymeleaf语法;



    
    Title


    

成功!

这是显示欢迎信息
3)、语法规则
a)、th:text;改变当前元素里面的文本内容;
th:任意html属性;来替换原生属性的值
SpringBoot(4)wep开发(1)-----Thymeleaf模板使用详解和freemaker使用详解_第2张图片
b)、表达式?
Simple expressions:(表达式语法)
    Variable Expressions: ${...}:获取变量值;OGNL;
            1)、获取对象的属性、调用方法
            2)、使用内置的基本对象:
                #ctx : the context object.
                #vars: the context variables.
                #locale : the context locale.
                #request : (only in Web Contexts) the HttpServletRequest object.
                #response : (only in Web Contexts) the HttpServletResponse object.
                #session : (only in Web Contexts) the HttpSession object.
                #servletContext : (only in Web Contexts) the ServletContext object.
                
                ${session.foo}
            3)、内置的一些工具对象:
#execInfo : information about the template being processed.
#messages : methods for obtaining externalized messages inside variables expressions, in the same way as they would be obtained using #{…} syntax.
#uris : methods for escaping parts of URLs/URIs
#conversions : methods for executing the configured conversion service (if any).
#dates : methods for java.util.Date objects: formatting, component extraction, etc.
#calendars : analogous to #dates , but for java.util.Calendar objects.
#numbers : methods for formatting numeric objects.
#strings : methods for String objects: contains, startsWith, prepending/appending, etc.
#objects : methods for objects in general.
#bools : methods for boolean evaluation.
#arrays : methods for arrays.
#lists : methods for lists.
#sets : methods for sets.
#maps : methods for maps.
#aggregates : methods for creating aggregates on arrays or collections.
#ids : methods for dealing with id attributes that might be repeated (for example, as a result of an iteration).

    Selection Variable Expressions: *{...}:选择表达式:和${}在功能上是一样;
        补充:配合 th:object="${session.user}:
   

Name: Sebastian.

Surname: Pepper.

Nationality: Saturn.

Message Expressions: #{...}:获取国际化内容 Link URL Expressions: @{...}:定义URL; @{/order/process(execId=${execId},execType='FAST')} Fragment Expressions: ~{...}:片段引用表达式
...
Literals(字面量) Text literals: 'one text' , 'Another one!' ,… Number literals: 0 , 34 , 3.0 , 12.3 ,… Boolean literals: true , false Null literal: null Literal tokens: one , sometext , main ,… Text operations:(文本操作) String concatenation: + Literal substitutions: |The name is ${name}| Arithmetic operations:(数学运算) Binary operators: + , - , * , / , % Minus sign (unary operator): - Boolean operations:(布尔运算) Binary operators: and , or Boolean negation (unary operator): ! , not Comparisons and equality:(比较运算) Comparators: > , < , >= , <= ( gt , lt , ge , le ) Equality operators: == , != ( eq , ne ) Conditional operators:条件运算(三元运算符) If-then: (if) ? (then) If-then-else: (if) ? (then) : (else) Default: (value) ?: (defaultvalue) Special tokens: No-Operation: _
c)改变前端页面的编码方式,让其不乱码,也是改变properties配置文件的编码方式
file  ---->otherSettings------>defaultSettings---->搜索File Encoding----->编码方式改为utf-8,勾上右侧小框


4 freemaker使用方法




    <#--变量-->
    ${value1}
${value2?if_exists}
<#--如果存在输出,不存在不输出--> ${value2!}
<#--如果存在输出,不存在不输出--> ${value2?default("默认")}
<#--如果不存在输出默认值--> <#--字符串拼接--> ${"this value is ${value1}"}
<#--字符串截取--> <#assign str = "qwertyuiop"> ${str?substring(0,4)}
<#--输出qwer--> ${str[0]}${str[2]}
<#--输出qe--> ${str[0..4]}
<#--输出qwert--> <#--直接在这里面设置变量--> <#assign title = "问答"> ${title}
<#--遍历集合--> <#list Colors as col> Color:${col}
<#list Colors as col> ${col}
<#--遍历map的第一种方式--> <#--获取Maps的key--> <#assign keys= maps?keys/> <#--遍历Map--> <#list keys as key> Key:${key},Value:${maps["${key}"]}
<#--遍历map的第二种方式--> <#list maps?keys as key> Key:${key},Value:${maps["${key}"]}
<#--遍历Map中的value--> <#list maps?values as value> Value:${value}
<#--取出自己定义的类中的变量--> User:${User.name?if_exists}
User: ${"Hello " + User.name}
<#--这个检测不到--> UserDescription:${User.description?if_exists}
UserDescription:${User.userDescription()!}
<#--包含另一个html文件--> <#--是否作为ftl语法解析,默认是true,false就是以文本方式引入, 注意:在ftl文件里布尔值都是直接赋值的如parse=true,而不是parse="true"--> <#include "/header.html" encoding="UTF-8" parse=false>
<#include "/header.html" encoding="UTF-8" parse=true>

对应的java端的代码

 @RequestMapping("/home")
    public String index(Model model){
        model.addAttribute("value1","aaaaa");
        List colors = Arrays.asList(new String[] {"green","red","blue"});
        model.addAttribute("Colors",colors);

        Map maps = new HashMap<>();
        for (int i=0;i<3;++i){
            maps.put(String.valueOf(i),String.valueOf(i*i));
        }
        model.addAttribute("maps",maps);
        model.addAttribute("User",new User("Lee"));
        return "home";
    }

    @RequestMapping("/request")
    @ResponseBody
    public String request(Model model, HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, HttpSession session){
        StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();

//        Iterator iterator = (Iterator) request.getHeaderNames();
//        while (iterator.hasNext()){
//            String name = (String)iterator.next();
//            sb.append(name +": " + request.getHeader(name) + "
"); // // } Enumeration headerNames = request.getHeaderNames(); while(headerNames.hasMoreElements()){ String name = headerNames.nextElement(); sb.append(name + ": "+ request.getHeader(name) + "
"); } if(request.getCookies() != null){ for(Cookie cookie : request.getCookies()){ sb.append("Name: "+cookie.getName()+","+ "Value:" + cookie.getValue()+"
"); } } sb.append(request.getMethod() + "
"); sb.append(request.getRequestURI() + "
"); return sb.toString(); }
其实freemaker的用法很简单只要能够理解他的语法,然后的后台的代码对应好就可以

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