发布和订阅模式是常用和很方便的模式,下面记录redis中对pub/sub的支持;
Pub/Sub:
"发布/订阅"在redis中,被设计的非常轻量级和简洁,它做到了消息的“发布”和“订阅”的基本能力;但是尚未提供关于消息的持久化等各种企业级的特性。
一个Redis client发布消息,其他多个redis client订阅消息,发布的消息"即发即失",redis不会持久保存发布的消息;消息订阅者也将只能得到订阅之后的消息,通道中此前的消息将无从获得。
消息发布者,即publish客户端,无需独占链接,你可以在publish消息的同时,使用同一个redis-client链接进行其他操作(例如:INCR等)
消息订阅者,即subscribe客户端,需要独占链接,即进行subscribe期间,redis-client无法穿插其他操作,此时client以阻塞的方式等待“publish端”的消息;因此这里subscribe端需要使用单独的链接,甚至需要在额外的线程中使用。 Tcp默认连接时间固定,如果在这时间内sub端没有接收到pub端消息,或pub端没有消息产生,sub端的连接都会被强制回收, 这里就需要使用特殊手段解决,用定时器来模拟pub和sub之间的保活机制,定时器时间不能超过TCP最大连接时间,具体根据机器环境来定;
一旦subscribe端断开链接,将会失去部分消息,即链接失效期间的消息将会丢失,所以这里就需要考虑到借助redis的list来持久化;
如果你非常关注每个消息,那么你应该基于Redis做一些额外的补充工作,如果你期望订阅是持久的,那么如下的设计思路可以借鉴:
以上方法可以保证成功到达的消息必消费不丢失;但还是会存在ngx业务机方自丢失数据问题,也就是ngx业务机自身问题或网络问题导致ngx业务机发布的消息没有送达redis机器;更完善的确认机制才能彻底解决上述存在问题;
注意,在实际ngx_lua_redis应用中,redis单个客户端订阅模式下仅能使用有限的几个命令,不能使用其它结构命令,如lpop,rpush等;
因为 publish是普通的request/response模式, 但subscribe不是,否则会报错:
ERR only §SUBSCRIBE / §UNSUBSCRIBE / PING / QUIT allowed in this cont
关于这点以下是官网一般解释:
You are required to use two connections for pub and sub. A subscriber connection cannot issue any commands
other than subscribe, psubscribe, unsubscribe, punsubscribe (although @Antirez has hinted of a subscriber-safe
ping in the future). If you try to do anything else, redis tells you:
-ERR only (P)SUBSCRIBE / (P)UNSUBSCRIBE / QUIT allowed in this context
(note that you can't test this with redis-cli, since that understands the protocol well enough to prevent you
from issuing commands once you have subscribed - but any other basic socket tool should work fine)
This is because subscriber connections work very differently - rather than working on a request/response basis,
incoming messages can now come in at any time, unsolicited.
publish is a regular request/response command, so must be sent on a regular connection, not a subscriber connection.
于是该特性不适用单例模式,要解决上面局限,需要多客户端辅助操作同一结果,下列代码中会有展示;
下面示例是ngx_lua_redis生产环境下实验结果,有兴趣的可以分析
--[[
cosocket即coroutine+socket
顺序执行,但它是非阻塞执行方式
因为nginx core是非阻塞执行;
redis中subscribe是阻塞方式,
因此在nginx_lua平台中使用redis
中sub特性无法保持阻塞连接状态;
流程模型:http://www.cnblogs.com/foundwant/p/6382083.html
]]
local args = ngx.req.get_uri_args()
local ttype = args.type -- pub/sub
local function newRedis(timeout, ip, port, section)
local red = redis.new()
red:set_timeout(timeout)
local ok, err = red:connect(ip, port)
if not ok then
nlog.dinfo("connect:" .. err)
end
red:select(section)
return red
end
local red = newRedis(10000, "127.0.0.1", "6379", 0)
local bak = newRedis(10000, "127.0.0.1", "6379", 0)
local function subscribe(channel)
local res, err = red:subscribe(channel)
if not res then
nlog.dinfo("subscribe error.")
return nil, err
end
--这里以函数返回,不然sub会在这里断连失去可操作性
--这就是提到的特殊之一
local function read_func(do_read)
if nil == do_read or true == do_read then
res, err = red:read_reply()
if not res then
return nil, err
end
return res
end
red:unsubscribe(channel)
red:set_keepalive(60000, 100)
--连接回收
bak:close()
bak:set_keepalive(60000, 100)
--断连后重启等待
red = newRedis(10000, "127.0.0.1", "6379", 0)
red:subscribe(channel)
bak = newRedis(10000, "127.0.0.1", "6379", 0)
return
end
return read_func
end
local subset = "subset" --set
local channel = "test" --list
consume = function(length)
--若订阅者消息队列有残余,先消费,再订阅
for i=1, llength do
local recv, err = red:lpop(channel) --头部开始消费
nlog.dinfo("recv:" .. cjson.encode(recv))
end
redis_util.coroutine_count = 1
coroutine.yield()
end
--订阅者
if "sub" == ttype then
--向set集合增加"订阅者id"
red:sadd(subset, channel)
--为每个"订阅者id"建立list
local llength = red:llen(channel)
if 0 == llength then
red:rpush(channel, "hello")
else
--若订阅者消息队列有残余,先消费,再订阅
for i=1, llength do
local recv, err = red:lpop(channel) --头部开始消费
nlog.dinfo("recv:" .. cjson.encode(recv))
end
end
nlog.dinfo("run coroutine after...")
--开始订阅
local func, err = subscribe(channel)
while true do
local res, err = func() --res:["message","test","world"]
if err then
func(false)
end
--在redis的订阅模式中,
--单例模式下只能使用固定几个命令[ (P)SUBSCRIBE,(P)UNSUBSCRIBE,QUIT,PING,... ],
--无法使用其它命令,比如lpop, rpush等命令,
--所以这里无法使用red:lpop()来执行出队删除操作,
--只能另起一个客户端对象来进行删除操作;
local oo, ooerr = bak:lpop(channel)
nlog.dinfo("bak lpop:" .. cjson.encode(oo))
nlog.dinfo("res:" .. cjson.encode(res))
ngx.sleep(1)
end
end
--发布者,测试用,实际调用是在业务层
if "pub" == ttype then
--先发布,再追加队列
--local subchannel, err = red:spop(subset)
--nlog.dinfo("subchannel:" .. type(subchannel))
--if "userdata" ~= type(subchannel) then
for i=1, 1000 do
local str = "world_" .. i
red:publish(channel, str)
red:rpush(channel, str) --尾部追加
ngx.sleep(0.1)
end
--end
end
--监听器,crontab定时运行
if "spy" == ttype then
while true do
red:publish(channel, "0")
ngx.sleep(60)
end
end
ok, err = red:set_keepalive(60000, 100)
if not ok then
ngx.say("set_keepalive:", err)
end
ngx.print("rpush done.")
ngx.exit(200)
Lua_Redis