玩转 docker 入门(3) docker 的常用命令 解析

前两篇文章介绍了docker的部署及镜像，容器的相关操作。

这篇文章我们来解释一下docker的命令。

一、docker命令的分类

容器生命周期管理 — docker [run|start|stop|restart|kill|rm|pause|unpause]

容器操作运维 — docker [ps|inspect|top|attach|events|logs|wait|export|port]

容器rootfs命令 — docker [commit|cp|diff]

镜像仓库 — docker [login|pull|push|search]

本地镜像管理 — docker [images|rmi|tag|build|history|save|import]

其他命令 — docker [info|version]

二、 docker命令的帮助

docker --help

Usage: docker [OPTIONS] COMMAND [arg...]
       docker [ --help | -v | --version ]

A self-sufficient runtime for containers.

Options:

  --config=~/.docker              Location of client config files
  -D, --debug                     Enable debug mode
  -H, --host=[]                   Daemon socket(s) to connect to
  -h, --help                      Print usage
  -l, --log-level=info            Set the logging level
  --tls                           Use TLS; implied by --tlsverify
  --tlscacert=~/.docker/ca.pem    Trust certs signed only by this CA
  --tlscert=~/.docker/cert.pem    Path to TLS certificate file
  --tlskey=~/.docker/key.pem      Path to TLS key file
  --tlsverify                     Use TLS and verify the remote
  -v, --version                   Print version information and quit

Commands:
    attach    Attach to a running container
    build     Build an image from a Dockerfile
    commit    Create a new image from a container's changes
    cp        Copy files/folders between a container and the local filesystem
    create    Create a new container
    diff      Inspect changes on a container's filesystem
    events    Get real time events from the server
    exec      Run a command in a running container
    export    Export a container's filesystem as a tar archive
    history   Show the history of an image
    images    List images
    import    Import the contents from a tarball to create a filesystem image
    info      Display system-wide information
    inspect   Return low-level information on a container, image or task
    kill      Kill one or more running containers
    load      Load an image from a tar archive or STDIN
    login     Log in to a Docker registry.
    logout    Log out from a Docker registry.
    logs      Fetch the logs of a container
    network   Manage Docker networks
    node      Manage Docker Swarm nodes
    pause     Pause all processes within one or more containers
    port      List port mappings or a specific mapping for the container
    ps        List containers
    pull      Pull an image or a repository from a registry
    push      Push an image or a repository to a registry
    rename    Rename a container
    restart   Restart a container
    rm        Remove one or more containers
    rmi       Remove one or more images
    run       Run a command in a new container
    save      Save one or more images to a tar archive (streamed to STDOUT by default)
    search    Search the Docker Hub for images
    service   Manage Docker services
    start     Start one or more stopped containers
    stats     Display a live stream of container(s) resource usage statistics
    stop      Stop one or more running containers
    swarm     Manage Docker Swarm
    tag       Tag an image into a repository
    top       Display the running processes of a container
    unpause   Unpause all processes within one or more containers
    update    Update configuration of one or more containers
    version   Show the Docker version information
    volume    Manage Docker volumes
    wait      Block until a container stops, then print its exit code

三、docker命令的用法和简单说明

attach    Attach to a running container #将终端依附到容器上

语法：Usage: docker attach [OPTIONS] CONTAINER
实例：进入my_container容器
[root@localhost ~]# docker attach my_container 
[root@d4a75f165ce6 /]#

build     Build an image from a Dockerfile #通过Dockerfile创建镜像

语法：Usage: docker build [OPTIONS] PATH | URL | -
实例：使用当前目录的Dockerfile创建镜像。
[root@localhost ~]#docker build -t runoob/ubuntu:v1 .

commit    Create a new image from a container's changes #通过容器创建本地镜像

语法：Usage: docker commit [OPTIONS] CONTAINER [REPOSITORY[:TAG]]
实例：创建一个镜像
[root@localhost ~]# docker commit centos_v1 centos:v1             
68ad49c999496cff25fdda58f0521530a143d3884e61bce7ada09bdc22337638

cp    Copy files/folders between a container and the local filesystem #在宿主机和容器之间相互拷贝文件

语法：Usage: docker cp [OPTIONS] CONTAINER:SRC_PATH DEST_PATH|-
            docker cp [OPTIONS] SRC_PATH|- CONTAINER:DEST_PATH
实例：容器mysql中/usr/local/bin/存在docker-entrypoint.sh文件，可如下方式copy到宿主机
[root@localhost ~]#docker cp mysql:/usr/local/bin/docker-entrypoint.sh /root
修改完毕后，将该文件重新copy回容器
[root@localhost ~]# docker cp /root/docker-entrypoint.sh mysql:/usr/local/bin/ 

create    Create a new container #仅创建一个容器

语法：Usage:    docker create [OPTIONS] IMAGE [COMMAND] [ARG...]
实例：使用docker镜像nginx:latest创建一个容器,并将容器命名为myrunoob
[root@localhost ~]# docker create  --name myrunoob  nginx:latest      
09b93464c2f75b7b69f83d56a9cfc23ceb50a48a9db7652ee4c27e3e2cb1961f

diff      Inspect changes on a container's filesystem #查看容器内发生改变的文件

语法：Usage:    docker diff CONTAINER
实例：查看容器mymysql的文件结构更改。
[root@localhost ~]#docker diff mymysql
A /logs
A /mysql_data
C /run
C /run/mysqld
A /run/mysqld/mysqld.pid
A /run/mysqld/mysqld.sock
C /tmp

events    Get real time events from the server #实时输出docker服务器的事件，包括容器的创建、启动和关闭等

语法：Usage:    docker events [OPTIONS]
实例：显示docker 2016年7月1日后的所有事件。

[root@localhost ~]# docker events  --since="1467302400"
2016-07-08T19:44:54.501277677+08:00 network connect 66f958fd13dc4314ad20034e576d5c5eba72e0849dcc38ad9e8436314a4149d4 (container=b8573233d675705df8c89796a2c2687cd8e36e03646457a15fb51022db440e64, name=bridge, type=bridge)
2016-07-08T19:44:54.723876221+08:00 container start b8573233d675705df8c89796a2c2687cd8e36e03646457a15fb51022db440e64 (image=nginx:latest, name=elegant_albattani)
2016-07-08T19:44:54.726110498+08:00 container resize b8573233d675705df8c89796a2c2687cd8e36e03646457a15fb51022db440e64 (height=39, image=nginx:latest, name=elegant_albattani, width=167)
2016-07-08T19:46:22.137250899+08:00 container die b8573233d675705df8c89796a2c2687cd8e36e03646457a15fb51022db440e64 (exitCode=0, image=nginx:latest, name=elegant_albattani)

显示docker 镜像为mysql:5.6 2016年7月1日后的相关事件。

[root@localhost ~]# docker events -f "image"="mysql:5.6" --since="1467302400" 
2016-07-11T00:38:53.975174837+08:00 container start 96f7f14e99ab9d2f60943a50be23035eda1623782cc5f930411bbea407a2bb10 (image=mysql:5.6, name=mymysql)
2016-07-11T00:51:17.022572452+08:00 container kill 96f7f14e99ab9d2f60943a50be23035eda1623782cc5f930411bbea407a2bb10 (image=mysql:5.6, name=mymysql, signal=9)
2016-07-11T00:51:17.132532080+08:00 container die 96f7f14e99ab9d2f60943a50be23035eda1623782cc5f930411bbea407a2bb10 (exitCode=137, image=mysql:5.6, name=mymysql)
2016-07-11T00:51:17.514661357+08:00 container destroy 96f7f14e99ab9d2f60943a50be23035eda1623782cc5f930411bbea407a2bb10 (image=mysql:5.6, name=mymysql)
2016-07-11T00:57:18.551984549+08:00 container create c8f0a32f12f5ec061d286af0b1285601a3e33a90a08ff1706de619ac823c345c (image=mysql:5.6, name=mymysql)
2016-07-11T00:57:18.557405864+08:00 container attach c8f0a32f12f5ec061d286af0b1285601a3e33a90a08ff1706de619ac823c345c (image=mysql:5.6, name=mymysql)
2016-07-11T00:57:18.844134112+08:00 container start c8f0a32f12f5ec061d286af0b1285601a3e33a90a08ff1706de619ac823c345c (image=mysql:5.6, name=mymysql)

如果指定的时间是到秒级的，需要将时间转成时间戳。如果时间为日期的话，可以直接使用，如--since="2016-07-01"。

exec      Run a command in a running container #对一个启动的容器执行命令

语法：Usage:    docker exec [OPTIONS] CONTAINER COMMAND [ARG...]
实例：在容器mynginx中以交互模式执行容器内/root/runoob.sh脚本
[root@localhost ~]# docker exec -it mynginx /bin/sh /root/runoob.sh
http://www.runoob.com/

export    Export a container's filesystem as a tar archive #将容器打包，导出为tar文件格式

语法：Usage:    docker export [OPTIONS] CONTAINER
实例：将id为a404c6c174a2的容器按日期保存为tar文件。
[root@localhost ~]#docker export -o mysql-`date +%Y%m%d`.tar a404c6c174a2
[root@localhost ~]#ls mysql-`date +%Y%m%d`.tar
mysql-20160711.tar

history   Show the history of an image#显示镜像的创建过程

语法： Usage:    docker history [OPTIONS] IMAGE
实例： 查看本地镜像runoob/ubuntu:v3的创建历史。
[root@localhost ~]# docker history runoob/ubuntu:v3
IMAGE             CREATED           CREATED BY                                      SIZE      COMMENT
4e3b13c8a266      3 months ago      /bin/sh -c #(nop) CMD ["/bin/bash"]             0 B                 
         3 months ago      /bin/sh -c sed -i 's/^#\s*\(deb.*universe\)$/   1.863 kB            
         3 months ago      /bin/sh -c set -xe   && echo '#!/bin/sh' > /u   701 B               
         3 months ago      /bin/sh -c #(nop) ADD file:43cb048516c6b80f22   136.3 MB

images    List images #列出本地所有的镜像

语法：Usage: docker images [OPTIONS] [REPOSITORY[:TAG]]
实例：查看本地镜像列表。

[root@localhost ~]#docker images
REPOSITORY              TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
mymysql                 v1                  37af1236adef        5 minutes ago       329 MB
runoob/ubuntu           v4                  1c06aa18edee        2 days ago          142.1 MB
                                5c6e1090e771        2 days ago          165.9 MB
httpd                   latest              ed38aaffef30        11 days ago         195.1 MB
alpine                  latest              4e38e38c8ce0        2 weeks ago         4.799 MB
mongo                   3.2                 282fd552add6        3 weeks ago         336.1 MB
redis                   latest              4465e4bcad80        3 weeks ago         185.7 MB
php                     5.6-fpm             025041cd3aa5        3 weeks ago         456.3 MB
python                  3.5                 045767ddf24a        3 weeks ago         684.1 MB
...

列出本地镜像中REPOSITORY为ubuntu的镜像列表。

[root@localhost ~]# docker images  ubuntu
REPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
ubuntu              14.04               90d5884b1ee0        9 weeks ago         188 MB
ubuntu              15.10               4e3b13c8a266        3 months ago        136.3 MB

import    Import the contents from a tarball to create a filesystem image #导入一个镜像，类型为tar文件

语法：Usage:    docker images [OPTIONS] [REPOSITORY[:TAG]]
实例：从镜像归档文件my_ubuntu_v3.tar创建镜像，命名为runoob/ubuntu:v4
[root@localhost ~]# docker import  my_ubuntu_v3.tar runoob/ubuntu:v4  
sha256:63ce4a6d6bc3fabb95dbd6c561404a309b7bdfc4e21c1d59fe9fe4299cbfea39
[root@localhost ~]#docker images runoob/ubuntu:v4
REPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
runoob/ubuntu       v4                  63ce4a6d6bc3        20 seconds ago      142.1 MB

info      Display system-wide information #显示docker的系统信息

语法：Usage:    docker images [OPTIONS] [REPOSITORY[:TAG]]
实例：显示本机docker系统信息
[root@localhost ~]# docker info

Containers: 3    --当前有3个容器
Images: 298      
Storage Driver: devicemapper
Pool Name: docker-253:0-34402623-pool
Pool Blocksize: 65.54 kB
Backing Filesystem: xfs
Data file: /dev/loop0
Metadata file: /dev/loop1
Data Space Used: 8.677 GB     --对应的是下面Data loop file大小
Data Space Total: 107.4 GB
Data Space Available: 5.737 GB
Metadata Space Used: 13.4 MB  --对应的是下面Metadata loop file大小
Metadata Space Total: 2.147 GB
Metadata Space Available: 2.134 GB
Udev Sync Supported: true
Deferred Removal Enabled: false
Data loop file: /var/lib/docker/devicemapper/devicemapper/data
Metadata loop file: /var/lib/docker/devicemapper/devicemapper/metadata
Library Version: 1.02.93-RHEL7 (2015-01-28)
Execution Driver: native-0.2
Logging Driver: json-file
Kernel Version: 3.10.0-229.el7.x86_64
Operating System: CentOS Linux 7 (Core)
CPUs: 2
Total Memory: 979.7 MiB
Name: localhost.localdomain
ID: TFVB:BXGQ:VVOC:K2DJ:LECE:2HNK:23B2:LEVF:P3IQ:L7D5:NG2V:UKNL
WARNING: bridge-nf-call-iptables is disabled
WARNING: bridge-nf-call-ip6tables is disabled

inspect   Return low-level information on a container, image or task #用于查看容器的配置信息，包含容器名、环境变量、运行命令、主机配置、网络配置和数据卷配置等。

语法：Usage:  docker inspect [OPTIONS] CONTAINER|IMAGE|TASK [CONTAINER|IMAGE|TASK...]
实例：获取镜像mysql:5.6的元信息。

[root@localhost ~]# docker inspect mysql:5.6
[
    {
        "Id": "sha256:2c0964ec182ae9a045f866bbc2553087f6e42bfc16074a74fb820af235f070ec",
        "RepoTags": [
            "mysql:5.6"
        ],
        "RepoDigests": [],
        "Parent": "",
        "Comment": "",
        "Created": "2016-05-24T04:01:41.168371815Z",
        "Container": "e0924bc460ff97787f34610115e9363e6363b30b8efa406e28eb495ab199ca54",
        "ContainerConfig": {
            "Hostname": "b0cf605c7757",
            "Domainname": "",
            "User": "",
            "AttachStdin": false,
            "AttachStdout": false,
            "AttachStderr": false,
            "ExposedPorts": {
                "3306/tcp": {}
            },
...

获取正在运行的容器mymysql的 IP。

[root@localhost ~]# docker inspect --format='{{range .NetworkSettings.Networks}}{{.IPAddress}}{{end}}' mymysql
172.17.0.3

kill      Kill one or more running containers #强制终止容器

语法：Usage:    docker kill [OPTIONS] CONTAINER [CONTAINER...]
实例：杀掉运行中的容器mynginx
[root@localhost ~]# docker kill -s KILL mynginx
mynginx

load      Load an image from a tar archive or STDIN #将打包的镜像导入

语法：Usage:    docker load [OPTIONS]
实例：导入一个打包好的的busybox镜像
[root@localhost ~]#docker load < busybox.tar
[root@localhost ~]#docker images
REPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             VIRTUAL SIZE
busybox             latest              769b9341d9377 weeks ago         2.489 MB

login     Log in to a Docker registry. #登录到docker 镜像仓库，默认为dockerhub

语法：Usage:    docker login [OPTIONS] [SERVER]
实例：登陆到Docker Hub
[root@localhost ~]# docker login -u 用户名 -p 密码

logout    Log out from a Docker registry. #退出登录

语法：Usage:    docker logout [SERVER]
实例：退出docker hub
[root@localhost ~]# docker logout
Remove login credentials for https://index.docker.io/v1/

logs      Fetch the logs of a container #用于查看容器的日志，它将输出到标准输出的数据作为日志输出到docker logs命令的终端上。常用于后台型容器

语法：Usage:    docker logs [OPTIONS] CONTAINER
实例：跟踪查看容器mynginx的日志输出。

[root@localhost ~]#  docker logs -f mynginx
192.168.239.1 - - [10/Jul/2016:16:53:33 +0000] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 612 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/45.0.2454.93 Safari/537.36" "-"
2016/07/10 16:53:33 [error] 5#5: *1 open() "/usr/share/nginx/html/favicon.ico" failed (2: No such file or directory), client: 192.168.239.1, server: localhost, request: "GET /favicon.ico HTTP/1.1", host: "192.168.239.130", referrer: "http://192.168.239.130/"
192.168.239.1 - - [10/Jul/2016:16:53:33 +0000] "GET /favicon.ico HTTP/1.1" 404 571 "http://192.168.239.130/" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/45.0.2454.93 Safari/537.36" "-"
192.168.239.1 - - [10/Jul/2016:16:53:59 +0000] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 304 0 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/45.0.2454.93 Safari/537.36" "-"
...

查看容器mynginx从2016年7月1日后的最新10条日志。

[root@localhost ~]# docker logs --since="2016-07-01" --tail=10 mynginx

network   Manage Docker networks #管理docker网络

语法：Usage:    docker network COMMAND
实例：用于动态的将容器添加进一个已有网络/将容器从网络中移除。
[root@localhost ~]#docker network connect/docker network disconnect
创建docker网卡
[root@localhost ~]#docker network create -d overlay --ip-range=192.168.2.0/24 --gateway=192.168.2.1 --subnet=192.168.2.0/24 multihost2
显示网卡
[root@localhost ~]#docker network ls
删除docker网卡
[root@localhost ~]#docker network rm
查看docker网卡的相关详细信息
[root@localhost ~]#docker network inspect

node      Manage Docker Swarm nodes #管理docker swarm节点

语法：Usage:    docker node COMMAND

pause     Pause all processes within one or more containers #暂停容器中所有的进程。

语法：Usage:    docker pause CONTAINER [CONTAINER...]
实例：暂停数据库容器db01提供服务。
[root@localhost ~]#docker pause db01

port      List port mappings or a specific mapping for the container #输出容器与宿主机端口映射的信息

语法：Usage:    docker port CONTAINER [PRIVATE_PORT[/PROTO]]
实例：查看容器mynginx的端口映射情况。
[root@localhost ~]# docker port mymysql
3306/tcp -> 0.0.0.0:3306

ps        List containers #列出所有容器，默认只列出当前正在运行的容器，-a参数可以查看所有状态的容器

语法：Usage:    docker ps [OPTIONS]
实例：列出所有在运行的容器信息。

[root@localhost ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE          COMMAND                ...  PORTS                    NAMES
09b93464c2f7   nginx:latest   "nginx -g 'daemon off" ...  80/tcp, 443/tcp          myrunoob
96f7f14e99ab   mysql:5.6      "docker-entrypoint.sh" ...  0.0.0.0:3306->3306/tcp   mymysql

列出最近创建的5个容器信息。

[root@localhost ~]# docker ps -n 5
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND                   CREATED           
09b93464c2f7        nginx:latest        "nginx -g 'daemon off"    2 days ago   ...     
b8573233d675        nginx:latest        "/bin/bash"               2 days ago   ...     
b1a0703e41e7        nginx:latest        "nginx -g 'daemon off"    2 days ago   ...    
f46fb1dec520        5c6e1090e771        "/bin/sh -c 'set -x \t"   2 days ago   ...   
a63b4a5597de        860c279d2fec        "bash"                    2 days ago   ...

列出所有创建的容器ID。

[root@localhost ~]# docker ps -a -q
09b93464c2f7
b8573233d675
b1a0703e41e7
f46fb1dec520
a63b4a5597de
6a4aa42e947b
de7bb36e7968
43a432b73776
664a8ab1a585
ba52eb632bbd
...

 pull      Pull an image or a repository from a registry #从仓库中下载一个镜像，默认为docker hub上

语法：Usage:    docker pull [OPTIONS] NAME[:TAG|@DIGEST]
实例：从Docker Hub下载java最新版镜像。
[root@localhost ~]# docker pull java
从Docker Hub下载REPOSITORY为java的所有镜像。
[root@localhost ~]# docker pull -a java

push      Push an image or a repository to a registry #上传镜像到仓库，默认为docker hub上，需要用户名和密码

语法：Usage:    docker push [OPTIONS] NAME[:TAG]
实例：上传本地镜像myapache:v1到镜像仓库中。
要先用docker login登录上，不然会报以下错误

[root@localhost ~]# docker push myapache:v1
The push refers to a repository [docker.io/ivictor/centos] (len: 1)
unauthorized: access to the requested resource is not authorized

[root@localhost ~]# docker push myapache:v1

rename    Rename a container #更改容器的名称

语法：Usage:    docker rename CONTAINER NEW_NAME

 

start/stop/restart  #启动、停止、重启一个容器

语法：Usage:docker start [OPTIONS] CONTAINER [CONTAINER...]
     Usage:docker stop [OPTIONS] CONTAINER [CONTAINER...]
     Usage:docker restart [OPTIONS] CONTAINER [CONTAINER...]
实例：启动已被停止的容器myrunoob
[root@localhost ~]#docker start myrunoob
停止运行中的容器myrunoob
[root@localhost ~]#docker stop myrunoob
重启容器myrunoob
[root@localhost ~]#docker restart myrunoob 

rm   Remove one or more containers #删除一个或多个容器，默认只能删除非运行状态的容器，-f参数可以强制删除

语法：Usage:    docker rm [OPTIONS] CONTAINER [CONTAINER...]
实例：强制删除容器db01、db02
[root@localhost ~]# docker rm -f db01、db02
移除容器nginx01对容器db01的连接，连接名db
[root@localhost ~]# docker rm -l db 
删除容器nginx01,并删除容器挂载的数据卷
[root@localhost ~]# docker rm -v nginx01

 

rmi       Remove one or more images #删除一个或多个镜像

Usage:    docker rmi [OPTIONS] IMAGE [IMAGE...]

run       Run a command in a new container #启动一个容器，等同于docker create && docker start命令

语法：Usage:    docker run [OPTIONS] IMAGE [COMMAND] [ARG...]
实例：使用docker镜像nginx:latest以后台模式启动一个容器,并将容器命名为mynginx。
[root@localhost ~]# docker run --name mynginx -d nginx:latest
使用镜像nginx:latest以后台模式启动一个容器,并将容器的80端口映射到主机随机端口。
[root@localhost ~]#docker run -P -d nginx:latest

使用镜像nginx:latest以后台模式启动一个容器,将容器的80端口映射到主机的80端口,主机的目录/data映射到容器的/data。
[root@localhost ~]#docker run -p 80:80 -v /data:/data -d nginx:latest

使用镜像nginx:latest以交互模式启动一个容器,在容器内执行/bin/bash命令。
[root@localhost ~]# docker run -it nginx:latest /bin/bash
root@b8573233d675:/# 

save    Save one or more images to a tar archive (streamed to STDOUT by default) #将指定镜像保存成 tar 归档文件

语法：Usage:    docker save [OPTIONS] IMAGE [IMAGE...]
实例：将镜像runoob/ubuntu:v3 生成my_ubuntu_v3.tar文档
[root@localhost ~]#  docker save -o my_ubuntu_v3.tar runoob/ubuntu:v3
[root@localhost ~]#  ll my_ubuntu_v3.tar
-rw------- 1 runoob runoob 142102016 Jul 11 01:37 my_ubuntu_v3.ta

search    Search the Docker Hub for images #在docker hub上搜索镜像

语法：Usage:    docker search [OPTIONS] TERM
实例：从Docker Hub查找所有镜像名包含java，并且收藏数大于10的镜像
[root@localhost ~]# docker search -s 10 java
NAME                  DESCRIPTION                           STARS   OFFICIAL   AUTOMATED
java                  Java is a concurrent, class-based...   1037    [OK]       
anapsix/alpine-java   Oracle Java 8 (and 7) with GLIBC ...   115                [OK]
develar/java                                                 46                 [OK]
isuper/java-oracle    This repository contains all java...   38                 [OK]
lwieske/java-8        Oracle Java 8 Container - Full + ...   27                 [OK]
nimmis/java-centos    This is docker images of CentOS 7...   13                 [OK]

service   Manage Docker services #管理docker service。Docker Service是一种声明式的、可扩展的、负载均衡的应用。Docker Service是面向用户的应用

语法：Usage:    docker service COMMAND
实例：创建一个拥有5个副本的Docker Service
[root@localhost ~]# docker service create --name myService -p 8080:8080 --replicas 5 an_image

stats     Display a live stream of container(s) resource usage statistics  #动态显示容器的资源消耗情况，包括：CPU、内存、网络I/O

语法：Usage:    docker stats [OPTIONS] [CONTAINER...]
实例：显示ID为af93e92b036a的状态信息
[root@localhost ~]# docker stats af93e92b036a

CONTAINER           CPU %               MEM USAGE / LIMIT       MEM %               NET I/O               BLOCK I/O             PIDS
af93e92b036a        0.02%               3.535 MiB / 1.781 GiB   0.19%               44.24 kB / 42.14 kB   17.43 MB / 1.683 MB   6

CONTAINER           CPU %               MEM USAGE / LIMIT       MEM %               NET I/O               BLOCK I/O             PIDS
af93e92b036a        0.02%               3.535 MiB / 1.781 GiB   0.19%               44.24 kB / 42.14 kB   17.43 MB / 1.683 MB   6

CONTAINER           CPU %               MEM USAGE / LIMIT       MEM %               NET I/O               BLOCK I/O             PIDS
af93e92b036a        0.00%               3.535 MiB / 1.781 GiB   0.19%               44.24 kB / 42.14 kB   17.43 MB / 1.683 MB   6

swarm     Manage Docker Swarm #管理docker swarm 

语法：Usage:    docker swarm COMMAND
实例：初始化swarm manager并制定网卡地址
docker swarm init --advertise-addr 192.168.10.117

强制删除集群，如果是manager，需要加–force
docker swarm leave --force
docker node rm docker-118

查看swarm worker的连接令牌
docker swarm join-token worker

查看swarm manager的连接令牌
docker swarm join-token manager

使旧令牌无效并生成新令牌
docker swarm join-token --rotate

加入docker swarm集群
docker swarm join --token SWMTKN-1-5d2ipwo8jqdsiesv6ixze20w2toclys76gyu4zdoiaf038voxj-8sbxe79rx5qt14ol14gxxa3wf 192.168.10.117:2377

查看集群中的节点
docker node ls

查看集群中节点信息
docker node inspect docker-117 --pretty

调度程序可以将任务分配给节点
docker node update --availability active docker-118

调度程序不向节点分配新任务，但是现有任务仍然保持运行
docker node update --availability pause docker-118

调度程序不会将新任务分配给节点。调度程序关闭任何现有任务并在可用节点上安排它们
docker node update --availability drain docker-118

添加节点标签
docker node update --label-add label1 --label-add bar=label2 docker-117

删除节点标签
docker node update --label-rm label1 docker-117

将节点升级为manager
docker node promote docker-118

将节点降级为worker
docker node demote docker-118

查看服务列表
docker service ls

查看服务的具体信息
docker service ps redis

创建一个不定义name，不定义replicas的服务
docker service create nginx

创建一个指定name的服务
docker service create --name my_web nginx

创建一个指定name、run cmd的服务
docker service create --name helloworld alping ping docker.com

创建一个指定name、version、run cmd的服务
docker service create --name helloworld alping:3.6 ping docker.com

创建一个指定name、port、replicas的服务
docker service create --name my_web --replicas 3 -p 80:80 nginx

为指定的服务更新一个端口
docker service update --publish-add 80:80 my_web

为指定的服务删除一个端口
docker service update --publish-rm 80:80 my_web

将redis:3.0.6更新至redis:3.0.7
docker service update --image redis:3.0.7 redis

配置运行环境，指定工作目录及环境变量
docker service create --name helloworld --env MYVAR=myvalue --workdir /tmp --user my_user alping ping docker.com

创建一个helloworld的服务
docker service create --name helloworld alpine ping docker.com

更新helloworld服务的运行命令
docker service update --args “ping www.baidu.com” helloworld

删除一个服务
docker service rm my_web

在每个群组节点上运行web服务
docker service create --name tomcat --mode global --publish mode=host,target=8080,published=8080 tomcat:latest

创建一个overlay网络
docker network create --driver overlay my_network
docker network create --driver overlay --subnet 10.10.10.0/24 --gateway 10.10.10.1 my-network

创建服务并将网络添加至该服务
docker service create --name test --replicas 3 --network my-network redis

删除群组网络
docker service update --network-rm my-network test

更新群组网络
docker service update --network-add my_network test

创建群组并配置cpu和内存
docker service create --name my_nginx --reserve-cpu 2 --reserve-memory 512m --replicas 3 nginx

更改所分配的cpu和内存
docker service update --reserve-cpu 1 --reserve-memory 256m my_nginx

指定每次更新的容器数量
--update-parallelism

指定容器更新的间隔
--update-delay

定义容器启动后监控失败的持续时间
--update-monitor 

定义容器失败的百分比
--update-max-failure-ratio

定义容器启动失败之后所执行的动作
--update-failure-action

创建一个服务并运行3个副本，同步延迟10秒，10%任务失败则暂停
docker service create --name mysql_5_6_36 --replicas 3 --update-delay 10s --update-parallelism 1 --update-monitor 30s --update-failure-action pause --update-max-failure-ratio 0.1 -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=123456 mysql:5.6.36

回滚至之前版本
docker service update --rollback mysql

自动回滚 
如果服务部署失败，则每次回滚2个任务，监控20秒，回滚可接受失败率20%
docker service create --name redis --replicas 6 --rollback-parallelism 2 --rollback-monitor 20s --rollback-max-failure-ratio .2 redis:latest

创建服务并将目录挂在至container中
docker service create --name mysql --publish 3306:3306 --mount type=bind,src=/data/mysql,dst=/var/lib/mysql --replicas 3 -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=123456 mysql:5.6.36

Bind带来的风险 
1、绑定的主机路径必须存在于每个集群节点上，否则会有问题 
2、调度程序可能会在任何时候重新安排运行服务容器，如果目标节点主机变得不健康或无法访问 
3、主机绑定数据不可移植，当你绑定安装时，不能保证你的应用程序开发方式与生产中的运行方式相同

添加swarm配置
echo "this is a mysql config" | docker config create mysql -

查看配置
docker config ls

查看配置详细信息
docker config inspect mysql

删除配置
docker config rm mysql

添加配置
docker service update --config-add mysql mysql

删除配置
docker service update --config-rm mysql mysql

添加配置
docker config create homepage index.html

启动容器的同时添加配置
docker service create --name nginx --publish 80:80 --replicas 3 --config src=homepage,target=/usr/share/nginx/html/index.html nginx

tag     Tag an image into a repository #标记本地镜像，将其归入某一个仓库

语法：Usage:    docker tag IMAGE[:TAG] IMAGE[:TAG]
实例：将镜像ubuntu:15.10标记为 runoob/ubuntu:v3 镜像。
[root@localhost ~]# docker tag ubuntu:15.10 runoob/ubuntu:v3
[root@localhost ~]#  docker images   runoob/ubuntu:v3
REPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
runoob/ubuntu       v3                  4e3b13c8a266        3 months ago        136.3 MB

top     Display the running processes of a container #查看容器中运行的进程信息，支持 ps 命令参数

语法：Usage:    docker top CONTAINER [ps OPTIONS]
实例：查看容器mymysql的进程信息。
[root@localhost ~]# docker top mymysql
UID    PID    PPID    C      STIME   TTY  TIME       CMD
999    40347  40331   18     00:58   ?    00:00:02   mysqld
查看所有运行容器的进程信息。
[root@localhost ~]#for i in  `docker ps |grep Up|awk '{print $1}'`;do echo \ &&docker top $i; done

unpause   Unpause all processes within one or more containers #恢复容器内暂停的进程

语法：Usage:    docker unpause CONTAINER [CONTAINER...]
实例：恢复数据库容器db01提供服务。
[root@localhost ~]#docker unpause db01

update    Update configuration of one or more containers #动态的更新一个或多个容器的配置

语法：Usage:    docker update CONTAINER [CONTAINER...]
实例：更新一个容器为cpu-shares=512
[root@localhost ~]# docker update --cpu-shares 512 abebf7571666

更新容器的cpu-shares和memory
[root@localhost ~]# docker update --cpu-shares 512 -m 300M abebf7571666 hopeful_morse

更新容器restart策略
[root@localhost ~]#docker update --restart=on-failure:3 abebf7571666 hopeful_morse

version   Show the Docker version information #显示docker的版本信息

语法：Usage:    docker version [OPTIONS]
实例：显示本机docker 版本信息
[root@localhost ~]# docker version
Client:
 Version:         1.12.6
 API version:     1.24
 Package version: docker-1.12.6-61.git85d7426.el7.centos.x86_64
 Go version:      go1.8.3
 Git commit:      85d7426/1.12.6
 Built:           Tue Oct 24 15:40:21 2017
 OS/Arch:         linux/amd64

Server:
 Version:         1.12.6
 API version:     1.24
 Package version: docker-1.12.6-61.git85d7426.el7.centos.x86_64
 Go version:      go1.8.3
 Git commit:      85d7426/1.12.6
 Built:           Tue Oct 24 15:40:21 2017
 OS/Arch:         linux/amd64

volume   Manage Docker volumes #管理docker数据卷

语法：Usage:    docker volume COMMAND
实例：启动一个Volume_Container容器，包含两个数据卷
[root@localhost ~]# docker run -v /var/volume1 -v /var/volume2 -name Volume_Container ubuntu14.04 linux_command
 
创建App_Container容器，挂载Volume_Container容器中的数据卷
[root@localhost ~]# docker run -t -i -rm -volumes-from Volume_Container -name App_Container ubuntu14.04 linux_command
 
或者再创建一个容器，挂载App_Container中从[root@localhost ~]# Volume_Container挂载的数据卷
docker run -t -i -rm -volumes-from App_Container -name LastApp_Container ubuntu14.04 linux_command

wait      Block until a container stops, then print its exit code #捕捉容器停止时的退出码,执行此命令后，该命令会“hang”在当前终端，直到容器停止，此时，会打印出容器的退出码。

语法：Usage:    docker wait CONTAINER [CONTAINER...]

 

四、感谢网络上的大神

本文系转载，转载自https://www.cnblogs.com/panwenbin-logs/p/8001410.html