ProxySQL 配置详解及读写分离(+GTID)等功能说明 (完整篇)2

原文链接： https://www.cnblogs.com/kevingrace/p/10329714.html

2) 从数据库mysql-slave1 (172.16.60.212)的配置操作 与主服务器配置大概一致，除了server_id不一致外，从服务器还可以在配置文件里面添加："read_only＝on" , 使从服务器只能进行读取操作，此参数对超级用户无效，并且不会影响从服务器的复制； [root@mysql-slave1 ~]# >/etc/my.cnf [root@mysql-slave1 ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf [mysqld] datadir = /var/lib/mysql socket = /var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock          symbolic-links = 0          log-error = /var/log/mysqld.log pid-file = /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid      #GTID: server_id = 2 gtid_mode = on enforce_gtid_consistency = on        #binlog log_bin = master-bin log-slave-updates = 1 binlog_format = row sync-master-info = 1 sync_binlog = 1        #relay log skip_slave_start = 1 read_only = on   配置完成之后，别忘了重启Mysql [root@mysql-slave1 ~]# systemctl restart mysqld   接着登录mysql，做主从同步 [root@mysql-slave1 ~]# mysql -p123456 ........ mysql> show databases; +--------------------+ | Database           | +--------------------+ | information_schema | | mysql              | | performance_schema | | test               | +--------------------+ 4 rows in set (0.00 sec)     在从数据库里，使用change master 配置主从复制 mysql> stop slave; Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)   mysql> change master to master_host='172.16.60.211',master_user='slave',master_password='slave@123',master_auto_position=1; Query OK, 0 rows affected, 2 warnings (0.24 sec)   mysql> start slave; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)   mysql> show slave status \G; *************************** 1. row ***************************                Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event                   Master_Host: 172.16.60.211                   Master_User: slave                   Master_Port: 3306                 Connect_Retry: 60               Master_Log_File: master-bin.000002           Read_Master_Log_Pos: 2069                Relay_Log_File: mysql-slave1-relay-bin.000002                 Relay_Log_Pos: 2284         Relay_Master_Log_File: master-bin.000002              Slave_IO_Running: Yes             Slave_SQL_Running: Yes ............ ............            Retrieved_Gtid_Set: fc39b161-22ca-11e9-a638-005056ac6820:1-8             Executed_Gtid_Set: 2afbc2f5-22cb-11e9-b9c0-00505688047c:1-2, fc39b161-22ca-11e9-a638-005056ac6820:1-8                 Auto_Position: 1          Replicate_Rewrite_DB:                  Channel_Name:            Master_TLS_Version: 1 row in set (0.00 sec)   ERROR: No query specified   查看从库的gtid mysql> show global variables like '%gtid%'; +----------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | Variable_name                    | Value                                                                              | +----------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | binlog_gtid_simple_recovery      | ON                                                                                 | | enforce_gtid_consistency         | ON                                                                                 | | gtid_executed                    | 2afbc2f5-22cb-11e9-b9c0-00505688047c:1-2, fc39b161-22ca-11e9-a638-005056ac6820:1-8 | | gtid_executed_compression_period | 1000                                                                               | | gtid_mode                        | ON                                                                                 | | gtid_owned                       |                                                                                    | | gtid_purged                      | 2afbc2f5-22cb-11e9-b9c0-00505688047c:1-2                                           | | session_track_gtids              | OFF                                                                                | +----------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ 8 rows in set (0.01 sec)   接着查看从数据库的数据，发现kevin库已经同步过来了! mysql> show databases; +--------------------+ | Database           | +--------------------+ | information_schema | | kevin              | | mysql              | | performance_schema | | sys                | +--------------------+ 5 rows in set (0.00 sec)   mysql> select * from kevin.haha; +----+----------+ | id | name     | +----+----------+ |  1 | congcong | |  2 | huihui   | |  3 | grace    | +----+----------+ 3 rows in set (0.00 sec)   3) 从数据库mysql-slave2 (172.16.60.213)的配置操作 [root@mysql-slave2 ~]# >/etc/my.cnf [root@mysql-slave2 ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf [mysqld] datadir = /var/lib/mysql socket = /var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock          symbolic-links = 0          log-error = /var/log/mysqld.log pid-file = /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid      #GTID: server_id = 3 gtid_mode = on enforce_gtid_consistency = on        #binlog log_bin = master-bin log-slave-updates = 1 binlog_format = row sync-master-info = 1 sync_binlog = 1        #relay log skip_slave_start = 1 read_only = on   重启mysqld [root@mysql-slave2 ~]#  systemctl restart mysqld    登录mysql，做主从复制 [root@mysql-slave2 ~]# mysql -p123456 ......... mysql> stop slave; Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)   mysql> change master to master_host='172.16.60.211',master_user='slave',master_password='slave@123',master_auto_position=1; Query OK, 0 rows affected, 2 warnings (0.17 sec)   mysql> start slave; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)   mysql> show slave status \G; *************************** 1. row ***************************                Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event                   Master_Host: 172.16.60.211                   Master_User: slave                   Master_Port: 3306                 Connect_Retry: 60               Master_Log_File: master-bin.000002           Read_Master_Log_Pos: 2069                Relay_Log_File: mysql-slave2-relay-bin.000002                 Relay_Log_Pos: 2284         Relay_Master_Log_File: master-bin.000002              Slave_IO_Running: Yes             Slave_SQL_Running: Yes .......... ..........            Retrieved_Gtid_Set: fc39b161-22ca-11e9-a638-005056ac6820:1-8             Executed_Gtid_Set: 26e410b4-22cb-11e9-be44-005056880888:1-2, fc39b161-22ca-11e9-a638-005056ac6820:1-8                 Auto_Position: 1          Replicate_Rewrite_DB:                  Channel_Name:            Master_TLS_Version: 1 row in set (0.00 sec)   ERROR: No query specified   查看从库的gtid mysql> show global variables like '%gtid%'; +----------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | Variable_name                    | Value                                                                              | +----------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | binlog_gtid_simple_recovery      | ON                                                                                 | | enforce_gtid_consistency         | ON                                                                                 | | gtid_executed                    | 26e410b4-22cb-11e9-be44-005056880888:1-2, fc39b161-22ca-11e9-a638-005056ac6820:1-8 | | gtid_executed_compression_period | 1000                                                                               | | gtid_mode                        | ON                                                                                 | | gtid_owned                       |                                                                                    | | gtid_purged                      | 26e410b4-22cb-11e9-be44-005056880888:1-2                                           | | session_track_gtids              | OFF                                                                                | +----------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ 8 rows in set (0.01 sec)   接着查看从数据库的数据，发现kevin库已经同步过来了! mysql> show databases; +--------------------+ | Database           | +--------------------+ | information_schema | | kevin              | | mysql              | | performance_schema | | sys                | +--------------------+ 5 rows in set (0.00 sec)   mysql> select * from kevin.haha; +----+----------+ | id | name     | +----+----------+ |  1 | congcong | |  2 | huihui   | |  3 | grace    | +----+----------+ 3 rows in set (0.00 sec)   4）再回到主数据库mysql-master (172.16.60.211)上   查看master状态，发现已经有两个slave节点正常存在同步关系了 mysql> show slave hosts; +-----------+------+------+-----------+--------------------------------------+ | Server_id | Host | Port | Master_id | Slave_UUID                           | +-----------+------+------+-----------+--------------------------------------+ |         3 |      | 3306 |         1 | 26e410b4-22cb-11e9-be44-005056880888 | |         2 |      | 3306 |         1 | 2afbc2f5-22cb-11e9-b9c0-00505688047c | +-----------+------+------+-----------+--------------------------------------+ 2 rows in set (0.00 sec)   5）测试数据同步 在主数据库mysql-master (172.16.60.211)上更新数据 mysql> insert into kevin.haha values(10,"heifei"),(11,"huoqiu"),(12,"chengxihu"); Query OK, 3 rows affected (0.05 sec) Records: 3  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0   然后在两个slave从数据库上查看，发现已正常同步过来了 mysql> select * from kevin.haha; +----+-----------+ | id | name      | +----+-----------+ |  1 | congcong  | |  2 | huihui    | |  3 | grace     | | 10 | heifei    | | 11 | huoqiu    | | 12 | chengxihu | +----+-----------+ 6 rows in set (0.00 sec)

4. 安装配置ProxySQL
已经在上面第一步中介绍了安装方法，这里采用rpm包方式安装，安装过程省略........

4.1 ProxySQL实现读写分离

向ProxySQL中添加MySQL节点

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使用insert语句添加主机到mysql_servers表中，其中：hostgroup_id 为10表示写组，为20表示读组。    [root@mysql-proxy ~]# mysql -uadmin -padmin -P6032 -h127.0.0.1 ............ MySQL [(none)]> insert into mysql_servers(hostgroup_id,hostname,port) values(10,'172.16.60.211',3306); Query OK, 1 row affected (0.000 sec)    MySQL [(none)]> insert into mysql_servers(hostgroup_id,hostname,port) values(10,'172.16.60.212',3306); Query OK, 1 row affected (0.000 sec)    MySQL [(none)]> insert into mysql_servers(hostgroup_id,hostname,port) values(10,'172.16.60.213',3306); Query OK, 1 row affected (0.000 sec)   ========================================================================================================== 如果在插入过程中，出现报错： ERROR 1045 (#2800): UNIQUE constraint failed: mysql_servers.hostgroup_id, mysql_servers.hostname, mysql_servers.port   说明可能之前就已经定义了其他配置，可以清空这张表 或者 删除对应host的配置 MySQL [(none)]> select * from mysql_servers; MySQL [(none)]> delete from mysql_servers; Query OK, 6 rows affected (0.000 sec) =========================================================================================================    查看这3个节点是否插入成功，以及它们的状态。 MySQL [(none)]> select * from mysql_servers\G; *************************** 1. row ***************************        hostgroup_id: 10            hostname: 172.16.60.211                port: 3306              status: ONLINE              weight: 1         compression: 0     max_connections: 1000 max_replication_lag: 0             use_ssl: 0      max_latency_ms: 0             comment: *************************** 2. row ***************************        hostgroup_id: 10            hostname: 172.16.60.212                port: 3306              status: ONLINE              weight: 1         compression: 0     max_connections: 1000 max_replication_lag: 0             use_ssl: 0      max_latency_ms: 0             comment: *************************** 3. row ***************************        hostgroup_id: 10            hostname: 172.16.60.213                port: 3306              status: ONLINE              weight: 1         compression: 0     max_connections: 1000 max_replication_lag: 0             use_ssl: 0      max_latency_ms: 0             comment: 6 rows in set (0.000 sec)    ERROR: No query specified    如上修改后，加载到RUNTIME，并保存到disk MySQL [(none)]> load mysql servers to runtime; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.006 sec)    MySQL [(none)]> save mysql servers to disk; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.348 sec)

监控后端MySQL节点
添加Mysql节点之后，还需要监控这些后端节点。对于后端是主从复制的环境来说，这是必须的，因为ProxySQL需要通过每个节点的read_only值来自动调整
它们是属于读组还是写组。

首先在后端master主数据节点上创建一个用于监控的用户名(只需在master上创建即可，因为会复制到slave上)，这个用户名只需具有USAGE权限即可。如果还需
要监控复制结构中slave是否严重延迟于master(这个俗语叫做"拖后腿"，术语叫做"replication lag")，则还需具备replication client权限。

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在mysql-master主数据库节点行执行： [root@mysql-master ~]# mysql -p123456 ..........   mysql> create user monitor@'172.16.60.%' identified by 'P@ssword1!'; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.03 sec)   mysql> grant replication client on *.* to monitor@'172.16.60.%'; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)   mysql> flush privileges; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)   然后回到mysql-proxy代理层节点上配置监控 [root@mysql-proxy ~]# mysql -uadmin -padmin -P6032 -h127.0.0.1 .......... MySQL [(none)]> set mysql-monitor_username='monitor'; Query OK, 1 row affected (0.000 sec)   MySQL [(none)]> set mysql-monitor_password='P@ssword1!'; Query OK, 1 row affected (0.000 sec)   修改后，加载到RUNTIME，并保存到disk MySQL [(none)]> load mysql variables to runtime; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.001 sec)   MySQL [(none)]> save mysql variables to disk; Query OK, 94 rows affected (0.079 sec)   验证监控结果：ProxySQL监控模块的指标都保存在monitor库的log表中。    以下是连接是否正常的监控(对connect指标的监控)： 注意：可能会有很多connect_error，这是因为没有配置监控信息时的错误，配置后如果connect_error的结果为NULL则表示正常。 MySQL [(none)]> select * from mysql_server_connect_log; +---------------+------+------------------+-------------------------+---------------+ | hostname      | port | time_start_us    | connect_success_time_us | connect_error | +---------------+------+------------------+-------------------------+---------------+ | 172.16.60.211 | 3306 | 1548665195883957 | 762                     | NULL          | | 172.16.60.212 | 3306 | 1548665195894099 | 399                     | NULL          | | 172.16.60.213 | 3306 | 1548665195904266 | 483                     | NULL          | | 172.16.60.211 | 3306 | 1548665255883715 | 824                     | NULL          | | 172.16.60.212 | 3306 | 1548665255893942 | 656                     | NULL          | | 172.16.60.211 | 3306 | 1548665495884125 | 615                     | NULL          | | 172.16.60.212 | 3306 | 1548665495894254 | 441                     | NULL          | | 172.16.60.213 | 3306 | 1548665495904479 | 638                     | NULL          | | 172.16.60.211 | 3306 | 1548665512917846 | 487                     | NULL          | | 172.16.60.212 | 3306 | 1548665512928071 | 994                     | NULL          | | 172.16.60.213 | 3306 | 1548665512938268 | 613                     | NULL          | +---------------+------+------------------+-------------------------+---------------+ 20 rows in set (0.000 sec)   以下是对心跳信息的监控(对ping指标的监控) MySQL [(none)]> select * from mysql_server_ping_log; +---------------+------+------------------+----------------------+------------+ | hostname      | port | time_start_us    | ping_success_time_us | ping_error | +---------------+------+------------------+----------------------+------------+ | 172.16.60.211 | 3306 | 1548665195883407 | 98                   | NULL       | | 172.16.60.212 | 3306 | 1548665195885128 | 119                  | NULL       | ........... | 172.16.60.213 | 3306 | 1548665415889362 | 106                  | NULL       | | 172.16.60.213 | 3306 | 1548665562898295 | 97                   | NULL       | +---------------+------+------------------+----------------------+------------+ 110 rows in set (0.001 sec)   read_only日志此时也为空(正常来说，新环境配置时，这个只读日志是为空的) MySQL [(none)]> select * from mysql_server_read_only_log; Empty set (0.000 sec)   replication_lag的监控日志为空 MySQL [(none)]> select * from mysql_server_replication_lag_log; Empty set (0.000 sec)   指定写组的id为10，读组的id为20。 MySQL [(none)]> insert into mysql_replication_hostgroups values(10,20,1); Query OK, 1 row affected (0.000 sec)   在该配置加载到RUNTIME生效之前，先查看下各mysql server所在的组。 MySQL [(none)]> select hostgroup_id,hostname,port,status,weight from mysql_servers; +--------------+---------------+------+--------+--------+ | hostgroup_id | hostname      | port | status | weight | +--------------+---------------+------+--------+--------+ | 10           | 172.16.60.211 | 3306 | ONLINE | 1      | | 10           | 172.16.60.212 | 3306 | ONLINE | 1      | | 10           | 172.16.60.213 | 3306 | ONLINE | 1      | +--------------+---------------+------+--------+--------+ 3 rows in set (0.000 sec)   3个节点都在hostgroup_id=10的组中。 现在，将刚才mysql_replication_hostgroups表的修改加载到RUNTIME生效。 MySQL [(none)]> load mysql servers to runtime; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.003 sec)   MySQL [(none)]> save mysql servers to disk; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.361 sec)   一加载，Monitor模块就会开始监控后端的read_only值，当监控到read_only值后，就会按照read_only的值将某些节点自动移动到读/写组。 例如，此处所有节点都在id=10的写组，slave1和slave2都是slave，它们的read_only=1，这两个节点将会移动到id=20的组。 如果一开始这3节点都在id=20的读组，那么移动的将是Master节点，会移动到id=10的写组。    现在看结果 MySQL [(none)]> select hostgroup_id,hostname,port,status,weight from mysql_servers; +--------------+---------------+------+--------+--------+ | hostgroup_id | hostname      | port | status | weight | +--------------+---------------+------+--------+--------+ | 10           | 172.16.60.211 | 3306 | ONLINE | 1      | | 20           | 172.16.60.212 | 3306 | ONLINE | 1      | | 20           | 172.16.60.213 | 3306 | ONLINE | 1      | +--------------+---------------+------+--------+--------+ 3 rows in set (0.000 sec)   MySQL [(none)]> select * from mysql_server_read_only_log; +---------------+------+------------------+-----------------+-----------+-------+ | hostname      | port | time_start_us    | success_time_us | read_only | error | +---------------+------+------------------+-----------------+-----------+-------+ | 172.16.60.212 | 3306 | 1548665728919212 | 1684            | 1         | NULL  | | 172.16.60.211 | 3306 | 1548665728918753 | 3538            | 0         | NULL  | | 172.16.60.213 | 3306 | 1548665728919782 | 3071            | 1         | NULL  |

配置mysql_users
上面的所有配置都是关于后端MySQL节点的，现在可以配置关于SQL语句的，包括：发送SQL语句的用户、SQL语句的路由规则、SQL查询的缓存、SQL语句的重写等等。本小节是SQL请求所使用的用户配置，例如root用户。这要求我们需要先在后端MySQL节点添加好相关用户。这里以root和sqlsender两个用户名为例.

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首先，在mysql-master主数据库节点上执行：(只需master执行即可，会复制给两个slave) [root@mysql-master ~]# mysql -p123456 ......... mysql> grant all on *.* to root@'172.16.60.%' identified by 'passwd'; Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.04 sec)   mysql> grant all on *.* to sqlsender@'172.16.60.%' identified by 'P@ssword1!'; Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.03 sec)   mysql> flush privileges; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.03 sec)   然后回到mysql-proxy代理层节点，配置mysql_users表，将刚才的两个用户添加到该表中。 admin> insert into mysql_users(username,password,default_hostgroup) values('root','passwd',10); Query OK, 1 row affected (0.001 sec)    admin> insert into mysql_users(username,password,default_hostgroup) values('sqlsender','P@ssword1!',10); Query OK, 1 row affected (0.000 sec)    admin> load mysql users to runtime; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.001 sec)    admin> save mysql users to disk; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.108 sec)    mysql_users表有不少字段，最主要的三个字段为username、password和default_hostgroup： -  username：前端连接ProxySQL，以及ProxySQL将SQL语句路由给MySQL所使用的用户名。 -  password：用户名对应的密码。可以是明文密码，也可以是hash密码。如果想使用hash密码，可以先在某个MySQL节点上执行    select password(PASSWORD)，然后将加密结果复制到该字段。 -  default_hostgroup：该用户名默认的路由目标。例如，指定root用户的该字段值为10时，则使用root用户发送的SQL语句默认    情况下将路由到hostgroup_id=10组中的某个节点。   admin> select * from mysql_users\G *************************** 1. row ***************************               username: root               password: passwd                 active: 1                use_ssl: 0      default_hostgroup: 10         default_schema: NULL          schema_locked: 0 transaction_persistent: 1           fast_forward: 0                backend: 1               frontend: 1        max_connections: 10000 *************************** 2. row ***************************               username: sqlsender               password: P@ssword1!                 active: 1                use_ssl: 0      default_hostgroup: 10         default_schema: NULL          schema_locked: 0 transaction_persistent: 1           fast_forward: 0                backend: 1               frontend: 1        max_connections: 10000 2 rows in set (0.000 sec)    虽然这里没有详细介绍mysql_users表，但上面标注了"注意本行"的两个字段必须要引起注意。只有active=1的用户才是有效的用户。 至于transaction_persistent字段，当它的值为1时，表示事务持久化：当某连接使用该用户开启了一个事务后，那么在事务提交/回滚之前， 所有的语句都路由到同一个组中，避免语句分散到不同组。在以前的版本中，默认值为0，不知道从哪个版本开始，它的默认值为1。 我们期望的值为1，所以在继续下面的步骤之前，先查看下这个值，如果为0，则执行下面的语句修改为1。   MySQL [(none)]> update mysql_users set transaction_persistent=1 where username='root'; Query OK, 1 row affected (0.000 sec)   MySQL [(none)]> update mysql_users set transaction_persistent=1 where username='sqlsender'; Query OK, 1 row affected (0.000 sec)   MySQL [(none)]> load mysql users to runtime; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.001 sec)   MySQL [(none)]> save mysql users to disk; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.123 sec)   然后，分别使用root用户和sqlsender用户测试下它们是否能路由到默认的hostgroup_id=10(它是一个写组)读、写数据。 下面是通过转发端口6033连接的，连接的是转发到后端真正的数据库! [root@mysql-proxy ~]# mysql -uroot -ppasswd -P6033 -h127.0.0.1 -e "select @@server_id" +-------------+ | @@server_id | +-------------+ |           1 | +-------------+ [root@mysql-proxy ~]# mysql -uroot -ppasswd -P6033 -h127.0.0.1 -e "create database proxy_test" [root@mysql-proxy ~]# mysql -uroot -ppasswd -P6033 -h127.0.0.1 -e "show databases;" +--------------------+ | Database           | +--------------------+ | information_schema | | kevin              | | mysql              | | performance_schema | | proxy_test         | | sys                | +--------------------+ [root@mysql-proxy ~]# mysql -usqlsender -pP@ssword1! -P6033 -h127.0.0.1 -e 'use proxy_test;create table t(id int);' [root@mysql-proxy ~]# mysql -usqlsender -pP@ssword1! -P6033 -h127.0.0.1 -e 'show tables from proxy_test;' +----------------------+ | Tables_in_proxy_test | +----------------------+ | t                    | +----------------------+ [root@mysql-proxy ~]# mysql -usqlsender -pP@ssword1! -P6033 -h127.0.0.1 -e 'show databases;'            +--------------------+ | Database           | +--------------------+ | information_schema | | kevin              | | mysql              | | performance_schema | | proxy_test         | | sys                | +--------------------+   然后再删除上面这个测试库 [root@mysql-proxy ~]# mysql -usqlsender -pP@ssword1! -P6033 -h127.0.0.1 -e 'drop database proxy_test;' [root@mysql-proxy ~]# mysql -usqlsender -pP@ssword1! -P6033 -h127.0.0.1 -e 'show databases;'          +--------------------+ | Database           | +--------------------+ | information_schema | | kevin              | | mysql              | | performance_schema | | sys                | +--------------------+

读写分离：配置路由规则
ProxySQL的路由规则非常灵活，可以基于用户、基于schema以及基于每个语句实现路由规则的定制。本案例作为一个入门配置，实现一个最简单的语句级路由规则，从而实现读写分离。

必须注意: 这只是实验，实际的路由规则绝不应该仅根据所谓的读、写操作进行分离，而是从各项指标中找出压力大、执行频繁的语句单独写规则、做缓存等等。和查询规则有关的表有两个:mysql_query_rules和mysql_query_rules_fast_routing，后者是前者的扩展表，1.4.7之后才支持该快速路由表。本案例只介绍第一个表。插入两个规则，目的是将select语句分离到hostgroup_id=20的读组，但由于select语句中有一个特殊语句SELECT...FOR UPDATE它会申请写锁，所以应该路由到hostgroup_id=10的写组.

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[root@mysql-proxy ~]# mysql -uadmin -padmin -P6032 -h127.0.0.1                        ............ MySQL [(none)]> insert into mysql_query_rules(rule_id,active,match_digest,destination_hostgroup,apply) VALUES (1,1,'^SELECT.*FOR UPDATE$',10,1), (2,1,'^SELECT',20,1); Query OK, 2 rows affected (0.000 sec)   MySQL [(none)]> load mysql query rules to runtime; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.000 sec)   MySQL [(none)]> save mysql query rules to disk; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.272 sec)   需要注意： select ... for update规则的rule_id必须要小于普通的select规则的rule_id，因为ProxySQL是根据rule_id的顺序进行规则匹配的。      再来测试下，读操作是否路由给了hostgroup_id=20的读组, 如下发现server_id为2和3的节点 (即slave从节点)在读组内 [root@mysql-proxy ~]# mysql -uroot -ppasswd -P6033 -h127.0.0.1 -e 'select @@server_id' +-------------+ | @@server_id | +-------------+ |           3 | +-------------+ [root@mysql-proxy ~]# mysql -uroot -ppasswd -P6033 -h127.0.0.1 -e 'select @@server_id' +-------------+ | @@server_id | +-------------+ |           3 | +-------------+ [root@mysql-proxy ~]# mysql -uroot -ppasswd -P6033 -h127.0.0.1 -e 'select @@server_id' +-------------+ | @@server_id | +-------------+ |           2 | +-------------+   读操作已经路由给读组，再看看写操作。这里以事务持久化进行测试。 [root@mysql-proxy ~]# mysql -uroot -ppasswd -P6033 -h127.0.0.1 -e 'start transaction;select @@server_id;commit;select @@server_id;' +-------------+ | @@server_id | +-------------+ |           1 | +-------------+ +-------------+ | @@server_id | +-------------+ |           3 | +-------------+ [root@mysql-proxy ~]# mysql -uroot -ppasswd -P6033 -h127.0.0.1 -e 'start transaction;select @@server_id;commit;select @@server_id;' +-------------+ | @@server_id | +-------------+ |           1 | +-------------+ +-------------+ | @@server_id | +-------------+ |           2 |   显然，一切都按照预期进行。最后，如果想查看路由的信息，可查询stats库中的stats_mysql_query_digest表。 以下是该表的一个输出格式示例(和本案例无关)。 [root@mysql-proxy ~]# mysql -uadmin -padmin -P6032 -h127.0.0.1                        ............ MySQL [(none)]> SELECT hostgroup hg, sum_time, count_star, digest_text FROM stats_mysql_query_digest ORDER BY sum_time DESC; +----+----------+------------+----------------------------------+ | hg | sum_time | count_star | digest_text                      | +----+----------+------------+----------------------------------+ | 10 | 283841   | 1          | drop database proxy_test         | | 10 | 161020   | 1          | create table t(id int)           | | 10 | 36002    | 1          | create database proxy_test       | | 20 | 2719     | 5          | select @@server_id               | | 10 | 1250     | 3          | select @@server_id               | | 10 | 1102     | 2          | show databases                   | | 10 | 789      | 2          | start transaction                | | 10 | 655      | 1          | SELECT DATABASE()                | | 10 | 629      | 1          | show databases                   | | 10 | 564      | 1          | show tables from proxy_test      | | 10 | 286      | 2          | commit                           | | 10 | 0        | 8          | select @@version_comment limit ? | | 10 | 0        | 5          | select @@version_comment limit ? | +----+----------+------------+----------------------------------+ 13 rows in set (0.002 sec)

测试读写分离效果

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由于读写操作都记录在proxysql的stats_mysql_query_digest表内。 为了测试读写分离的效果，可以先清空此表中之前的记录 (即之前在实现读写分配路由配置之前的记录)   下面这个命令是专门清空stats_mysql_query_digest表的  (使用"delete from stats_mysql_query_digest"  清空不掉!) MySQL [(none)]> SELECT 1 FROM stats_mysql_query_digest_reset LIMIT 1; +---+ | 1 | +---+ | 1 | +---+ 1 row in set (0.002 sec)   MySQL [(none)]> select hostgroup,username,digest_text,count_star from stats_mysql_query_digest;              Empty set (0.001 sec)   在mysql-proxy代理层节点，通过proxysql进行数据写入，并查看 [root@mysql-proxy ~]# mysql -uroot -ppasswd -P6033 -h127.0.0.1 -e 'select * from kevin.haha;' +----+-----------+ | id | name      | +----+-----------+ |  1 | congcong  | |  2 | huihui    | |  3 | grace     | | 11 | huoqiu    | | 12 | chengxihu | | 21 | zhongguo  | +----+-----------+ [root@mysql-proxy ~]# mysql -uroot -ppasswd -P6033 -h127.0.0.1 -e 'delete from kevin.haha where id > 3;' [root@mysql-proxy ~]# mysql -uroot -ppasswd -P6033 -h127.0.0.1 -e 'insert into kevin.haha values(21,"zhongguo"),(22,"xianggang"),(23,"taiwan");' [root@mysql-proxy ~]# mysql -uroot -ppasswd -P6033 -h127.0.0.1 -e 'update kevin.haha set name="hangzhou" where id=22 ;'                 [root@mysql-proxy ~]# mysql -uroot -ppasswd -P6033 -h127.0.0.1 -e 'select * from kevin.haha;'                                           +----+----------+ | id | name     | +----+----------+ |  1 | congcong | |  2 | huihui   | |  3 | grace    | | 21 | zhongguo | | 22 | hangzhou | | 23 | taiwan   | +----+----------+   在mysql-master主数据库和mysql-slave1、mysql-slave2从数据上查看 [root@mysql-master ~]# mysql -p123456 ......... mysql> select * from kevin.haha; +----+----------+ | id | name     | +----+----------+ |  1 | congcong | |  2 | huihui   | |  3 | grace    | | 21 | zhongguo | | 22 | hangzhou | | 23 | taiwan   | +----+----------+ 6 rows in set (0.00 sec)   发现在客户端通过proxysql插件更新的数据，已经写到mysql-master主数据库上，并同步到mysql-slave1和mysql-slave2两个从数据库上了！   最后在proxysql管理端查看读写分离 [root@mysql-proxy ~]# mysql -uadmin -padmin -h127.0.0.1 -P6032            ............ ............ MySQL [(none)]> select hostgroup,username,digest_text,count_star from stats_mysql_query_digest; +-----------+----------+------------------------------------------------+------------+ | hostgroup | username | digest_text                                    | count_star | +-----------+----------+------------------------------------------------+------------+ | 10        | root     | insert into kevin.haha values(?,?),(?,?),(?,?) | 1          | | 10        | root     | delete from kevin.haha where id > ?            | 1          | | 10        | root     | update kevin.haha set name=? where id=?        | 1          | | 20        | root     | select * from kevin.haha                       | 2          | | 10        | root     | select @@version_comment limit ?               | 5          | +-----------+----------+------------------------------------------------+------------+ 5 rows in set (0.001 sec)   从上述结果就可以看出proxysql实现的读写分离配置是成功的，读请求是转发到group20的读组内，写请求转发到group10的写组内!!

4.2 负载均衡测试  (加权轮询)
如上已经配置好一主(mysql-master，在hostgroup10写组内)、两从(mysql-slave1和mysql-slave2，在hostgroup20读组内) ，并且已经在"mysql_query_rules"表中配置了路由规则，即写操作转发到hostgroup10组，读操作转发到hostgroup20组.

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MySQL [(none)]> select * from mysql_query_rules;            +---------+--------+----------+------------+--------+-------------+------------+------------+--------+----------------------+---------------+----------------------+--------------+---------+-----------------+-----------------------+-----------+-----------+---------+---------+-------+-------------------+----------------+------------------+-----------+--------+-------------+-----------+-----+-------+---------+ | rule_id | active | username | schemaname | flagIN | client_addr | proxy_addr | proxy_port | digest | match_digest         | match_pattern | negate_match_pattern | re_modifiers | flagOUT | replace_pattern | destination_hostgroup | cache_ttl | reconnect | timeout | retries | delay | next_query_flagIN | mirror_flagOUT | mirror_hostgroup | error_msg | OK_msg | sticky_conn | multiplex | log | apply | comment | +---------+--------+----------+------------+--------+-------------+------------+------------+--------+----------------------+---------------+----------------------+--------------+---------+-----------------+-----------------------+-----------+-----------+---------+---------+-------+-------------------+----------------+------------------+-----------+--------+-------------+-----------+-----+-------+---------+ | 1       | 1      | NULL     | NULL       | 0      | NULL        | NULL       | NULL       | NULL   | ^SELECT.*FOR UPDATE$ | NULL          | 0                    | CASELESS     | NULL    | NULL            | 10                    | NULL      | NULL      | NULL    | NULL    | NULL  | NULL              | NULL           | NULL             | NULL      | NULL   | NULL        | NULL      | NULL | 1     | NULL    | | 2       | 1      | NULL     | NULL       | 0      | NULL        | NULL       | NULL       | NULL   | ^SELECT              | NULL          | 0                    | CASELESS     | NULL    | NULL            | 20                    | NULL      | NULL      | NULL    | NULL    | NULL  | NULL              | NULL           | NULL             | NULL      | NULL   | NULL        | NULL      | NULL | 1     | NULL    | +---------+--------+----------+------------+--------+-------------+------------+------------+--------+----------------------+---------------+----------------------+--------------+---------+-----------------+-----------------------+-----------+-----------+---------+---------+-------+-------------------+----------------+------------------+-----------+--------+-------------+-----------+-----+-------+---------+ 2 rows in set (0.000 sec)    由于hostgroup10写组内只要一个节点(mysql-master节点)，hostgroup20读组内有两个节点(mysql-slave1、mysql-slave2) 所以这里只能测试读节点的负载均衡    [root@mysql-proxy ~]# mysql -uroot -ppasswd -P6033 -h127.0.0.1 -e "select @@hostname" +--------------+ | @@hostname   | +--------------+ | mysql-slave1 | +--------------+ [root@mysql-proxy ~]# mysql -uroot -ppasswd -P6033 -h127.0.0.1 -e "select @@hostname" +--------------+ | @@hostname   | +--------------+ | mysql-slave1 | +--------------+ [root@mysql-proxy ~]# mysql -uroot -ppasswd -P6033 -h127.0.0.1 -e "select @@hostname" +--------------+ | @@hostname   | +--------------+ | mysql-slave1 | +--------------+ [root@mysql-proxy ~]# mysql -uroot -ppasswd -P6033 -h127.0.0.1 -e "select @@hostname" +--------------+ | @@hostname   | +--------------+ | mysql-slave2 | +--------------+ [root@mysql-proxy ~]# mysql -uroot -ppasswd -P6033 -h127.0.0.1 -e "select @@hostname" +--------------+ | @@hostname   | +--------------+ | mysql-slave2 | +--------------+ [root@mysql-proxy ~]# mysql -uroot -ppasswd -P6033 -h127.0.0.1 -e "select @@hostname" +--------------+ | @@hostname   | +--------------+ | mysql-slave2 | +--------------+    再实验下mysql -e跟多条语句，看看如何 [root@mysql-proxy ~]# mysql -uroot -ppasswd -P6033 -h127.0.0.1 -e "select @@hostname;select @@hostname;select @@hostname" +--------------+ | @@hostname   | +--------------+ | mysql-slave1 | +--------------+ +--------------+ | @@hostname   | +--------------+ | mysql-slave1 | +--------------+ +--------------+ | @@hostname   | +--------------+ | mysql-slave1 | +--------------+ [root@mysql-proxy ~]# mysql -uroot -ppasswd -P6033 -h127.0.0.1 -e "select @@hostname;select @@hostname;select @@hostname" +--------------+ | @@hostname   | +--------------+ | mysql-slave2 | +--------------+ +--------------+ | @@hostname   | +--------------+ | mysql-slave2 | +--------------+ +--------------+ | @@hostname   | +--------------+ | mysql-slave2 | +--------------+ [root@mysql-proxy ~]# mysql -uroot -ppasswd -P6033 -h127.0.0.1 -e "select @@hostname;select @@hostname;select @@hostname" +--------------+ | @@hostname   | +--------------+ | mysql-slave1 | +--------------+ +--------------+ | @@hostname   | +--------------+ | mysql-slave1 | +--------------+ +--------------+ | @@hostname   | +--------------+ | mysql-slave1 | +--------------+ [root@mysql-proxy ~]# mysql -uroot -ppasswd -P6033 -h127.0.0.1 -e "select @@hostname;select @@hostname;select @@hostname" +--------------+ | @@hostname   | +--------------+ | mysql-slave1 | +--------------+ +--------------+ | @@hostname   | +--------------+ | mysql-slave1 | +--------------+ +--------------+ | @@hostname   | +--------------+ | mysql-slave1 | +--------------+ [root@mysql-proxy ~]# mysql -uroot -ppasswd -P6033 -h127.0.0.1 -e "select @@hostname;select @@hostname;select @@hostname" +--------------+ | @@hostname   | +--------------+ | mysql-slave2 | +--------------+ +--------------+ | @@hostname   | +--------------+ | mysql-slave2 | +--------------+ +--------------+ | @@hostname   | +--------------+ | mysql-slave2 | +--------------+    由以上结果可能会猜想并可印证： 在一个client的一个链接周期内，所有query路由到同一台后端! 即在同一个client的链接周期内，query路由不会转发到同组内的不同后端节点机上，只能转发到同一台后端节点机上!    但是这只是个假象!!!   是因为正好用到了select @ 语句。 如官网所介绍:  sends a query that implicitly disables multiplexing. For example, if you run “SELECT @a” , ProxySQL will disable multiplexing for that client and will always use the same backend connection    最后可以知道: proxysql的负载方式目前仅为加权轮询一种（经验证所确认），并无其他机制!   =============================================================================== 可以编写一个负载均衡的shell测试脚本: [root@mysql-proxy ~]# which mysql /usr/bin/mysql [root@mysql-proxy ~]# vim /opt/test_proxysql_lb.sh #!/bin/bash   i=0 while(($i<200)) do         /usr/bin/mysql -uroot -ppasswd -P6033 -h127.0.0.1 -e "select @@hostname;" >> /tmp/test_proxy_sql_lb.txt         let "i++"         echo "$i"         sleep 0.1 done   执行测试脚本: [root@mysql-proxy ~]# sh -x /opt/test_proxysql_lb.sh > /dev/null 2>&1   执行后检查结果 [root@mysql-proxy ~]# grep "mysql-slave1" /tmp/test_proxy_sql_lb.txt|wc -l 86 [root@mysql-proxy ~]# grep "mysql-slave2" /tmp/test_proxy_sql_lb.txt|wc -l 114   以上查询结果符合预期

4.3 开启ProxySQL的Web统计功能

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首先打开web功能 [root@mysql-proxy ~]#  mysql -uadmin -padmin -h127.0.0.1 -P6032  ............ ............ MySQL [(none)]> update global_variables set variable_value='true' where variable_name='admin-web_enabled'; Query OK, 1 row affected (0.001 sec)   MySQL [(none)]> LOAD ADMIN VARIABLES TO RUNTIME; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.001 sec)   MySQL [(none)]> SAVE ADMIN VARIABLES TO DISK; Query OK, 31 rows affected (0.070 sec)   然后查看端口和登录web界面的用户名和密码，用户名和密码与stat账户一致： MySQL [(none)]> select * from global_variables where variable_name LIKE 'admin-web%' or variable_name LIKE 'admin-stats%'; +-----------------------------------+----------------+ | variable_name                     | variable_value | +-----------------------------------+----------------+ | admin-stats_credentials           | stats:stats    |                #账户密码 | admin-stats_mysql_connections     | 60             | | admin-stats_mysql_connection_pool | 60             | | admin-stats_mysql_query_cache     | 60             | | admin-stats_system_cpu            | 60             | | admin-stats_system_memory         | 60             | | admin-web_enabled                 | true           | | admin-web_port                    | 6080           |                     #端口 +-----------------------------------+----------------+ 8 rows in set (0.003 sec)

查看web端口是否正常打开

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[root@mysql-proxy ~]# lsof -i:6080 COMMAND    PID USER   FD   TYPE   DEVICE SIZE/OFF NODE NAME proxysql 22324 root   27u  IPv4 23010645      0t0  TCP *:6080 (LISTEN)

访问http://172.16.60.214:6080并使用stats:stats登录即可查看一些统计信息。

4.4  scheduler打印proxysql状态到日志

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[root@mysql-proxy ~]# mkdir -p /opt/proxysql/log [root@mysql-proxy ~]# vim /opt/proxysql/log/status.sh #!/bin/bash DATE=`date "+%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S"` echo "{\"dateTime\":\"$DATE\",\"status\":\"running\"}" >> /opt/proxysql/log/status_log   [root@mysql-proxy ~]# chmod 777 /opt/proxysql/log/status.sh   然后在proxysql插入一条scheduler (定义每分钟打印一次，即60000毫秒) [root@mysql-proxy ~]# mysql -uadmin -padmin -h127.0.0.1 -P6032 ............ ............ MySQL [(none)]> insert into scheduler(active,interval_ms,filename) values (1,60000,'/opt/proxysql/log/status.sh'); Query OK, 1 row affected (0.000 sec)   MySQL [(none)]> LOAD SCHEDULER TO RUNTIME; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.001 sec)   MySQL [(none)]> SAVE SCHEDULER TO DISK; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.105 sec)   然后查看日志就可以看到proxysql 的运行结果了： [root@mysql-proxy ~]# tail -f /opt/proxysql/log/status_log {"dateTime":"2019-02-19 14:24:03","status":"running"} {"dateTime":"2019-02-19 14:25:03","status":"running"} {"dateTime":"2019-02-19 14:26:03","status":"running"} {"dateTime":"2019-02-19 14:27:03","status":"running"}

 

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