Java多线程19 两阶段终止模式(Two-Phase Termination Patter)

Java多线程目录

有时候，我们希望提前结束线程，但安全可靠地停止线程，并不是一件容易的事情，如果立即停止线程，会使共享的数据结构处于不一致的状态，如目前已经废弃使用的Thread类的stop方法(它会使线程在抛出java.lang.ThreadDeath之后终止线程，即使是在执行synchronized方法的时候)。更好的做法是执行完终止处理，再终止线程，即Two-phase Termination，两阶段终止模式。

该模式有两个角色：

• Terminator，终止者，负责接收终止请求，执行终止处理，处理完成后再终止自己。
• TerminationRequester：终止请求发出者，用来向Terminator发出终止请求。

该模式示例代码如下：
Terminator：

public class CounterIncrement extends Thread {

    private volatile boolean terminated = false;

    private int counter = 0;

    private Random random = new Random(System.currentTimeMillis());
    @Override
    public void run() {

        try {
            while (!terminated) {
                System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+" "+counter++);
                Thread.sleep(random.nextInt(1000));
            }
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            this.clean();
        }
    }

    private void clean() {
        System.out.println("do some clean work for the second phase,current counter "+counter);

    }

    public void close() {
        this.terminated = true;
        this.interrupt();
    }
}

TerminationRequester：

public class CounterTest {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
        CounterIncrement counterIncrement = new CounterIncrement();
        counterIncrement.start();

        Thread.sleep(15_000L);
        //主动清理
        counterIncrement.close();
    }
}

这段代码可以看出实现两阶段终止模式必须注意的是：
使用线程停止标志和interrupt方法，两者缺一不可

  public void close() {
        this.terminated = true;
        this.interrupt();
    }

这里使用了terminated作为线程停止标志，变量采用volatile修饰，避免了使用显式锁的开销，又保证了内存可见性。线程run方法会检查terminated属性，如果属性为true，就停止线程，但线程可能调用了阻塞方法，处于wait状态，任务也就可能永远不会检查terminated标志；线程也有可能处于sleep()状态，等sleep时间过后再执行终止状态，程序的响应性就下降了。你可以把方法改成如下运行，线程停止明显变慢了许多：

  public void close() {
        terminated = true;
  }

模拟客户端或者服务端都可能终止服务的例子

public class AppServer extends Thread {

    private static final int DEFAULT_PORT = 12722;
    private final static ExecutorService executor = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(10);
    private int port;
    private volatile boolean start = true;
    private List clientHandlers = new ArrayList<>();
    private ServerSocket server;

    public AppServer() {
        this(DEFAULT_PORT);
    }

    public AppServer(int port) {
        this.port = port;
    }

    @Override
    public void run() {
        try {
            server = new ServerSocket(port);
            while (start) {
                Socket client = server.accept();
                ClientHandler clientHandler = new ClientHandler(client);
                executor.submit(clientHandler);
                this.clientHandlers.add(clientHandler);
            }

        } catch (IOException e) {
            //throw new RuntimeException();
        } finally {
            this.dispose();
        }
    }

    public void dispose() {
        System.out.println("dispose");
        this.clientHandlers.stream().forEach(ClientHandler::stop);
        this.executor.shutdown();
    }

    public void shutdown() throws IOException {
        this.start = false;
        this.interrupt();
        this.server.close();
    }
}

public class ClientHandler implements Runnable {

    private final Socket socket;

    private volatile boolean running = true;

    public ClientHandler(Socket socket) {
        this.socket = socket;
    }

    @Override
    public void run() {


        try (InputStream inputStream = socket.getInputStream();
             OutputStream outputStream = socket.getOutputStream();
             BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(inputStream));
             PrintWriter printWriter = new PrintWriter(outputStream)) {
            while (running) {
                String message = br.readLine();
                if (message == null) {
                    break;
                }
                System.out.println("Come from client >" + message);
                printWriter.write("echo " + message+"\n");
                printWriter.flush();
            }
        } catch (IOException e) {
            //自动关闭的时候 将running
            this.running = false;
        }finally {
            this.stop();
        }

    }

    public void stop() {
        if (!running) {
            return;
        }
        this.running = false;
        try {
            this.socket.close();

        } catch (IOException e) {

        }
    }
}

public class AppServerClient {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException, IOException {
        AppServer server = new AppServer(12135);
        server.start();

        Thread.sleep(20_000L);
        server.shutdown();
    }
}

mac telnet模拟客户端输入

bogon:~ kpioneer$ telnet localhost 12135
Trying ::1...
Connected to localhost.
Escape character is '^]'.
hello 
echo hello 
I love you
echo I love you
Connection closed by foreign host.

服务端输出：

Come from client >hello 
Come from client >I love you
dispose

总结：

可以看到，在子类使用两阶段终止模式时，其只需要实现各自所需要执行的任务，并且更新当前任务的数量即可。在某些情况下，当前任务的数量也可以不进行更新，比如在进行终止时，不关心当前剩余多少任务需要执行。

特别感谢：

多线程设计模式解读—Two-phase Termination，两阶段终止模式(承诺)模式