hibernate之hql语句

在传统的数据库中,使用sql进行数据的增删改查功能很是方便,在hibernate中也有hql语句进行增删改查


hql语句中也包括使用createQuery方法和createCriteria方法

一、createQuery方法

package hibernate_c_hql;

import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.List;

import hibernate_b_example.IdCard;
import hibernate_b_example.Person;

import org.hibernate.Query;
import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
import org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration;
import org.junit.Test;

public class App {

private static SessionFactory sessionfactory;
	
	static{
		sessionfactory = new Configuration()//
						.configure()//
						.addClass(Department.class)//
						.addClass(Employee.class)//
						.buildSessionFactory();
	}
	
	@Test
	public void testAdd(){
		Session session = sessionfactory.openSession();
		session.beginTransaction();
		// --------------------------------------------

		// 保存一些部门数据
		for (int i = 1; i <= 10; i++) {
			Department department = new Department();
			department.setName("开发部_" + i);
			session.save(department);
		}

		// 保存一些员工数据
		for (int i = 1; i <= 20; i++) {
			Employee employee = new Employee();
			employee.setName("李XX_" + i);
			session.save(employee);
		}

		// --------------------------------------------
		session.getTransaction().commit();
		session.close();
	}
	
		// 使用HQL查询
		// HQL: Hibernate Query Language.
		// 特点:
		// >> 1,与SQL相似,SQL中的语法基本上都可以直接使用。
		// >> 2,SQL查询的是表和表中的列;HQL查询的是对象与对象中的属性。
		// >> 3,HQL的关键字不区分大小写,类名与属性名是区分大小写的。
		// >> 4,SELECT可以省略.
	@Test
	public void testGet(){
		Session session = sessionfactory.openSession();
		session.beginTransaction();
		
		//1、简单的查询
		// hql = "FROM Employee";
		// hql = "FROM Employee AS e"; // 使用别名
		// hql = "FROM Employee e"; // 使用别名,as关键字可省略

		// 2,带上过滤条件的(可以使用别名):Where
		// hql = "FROM Employee WHERE id<10";
		// hql = "FROM Employee e WHERE e.id<10";
		// hql = "FROM Employee e WHERE e.id<10 AND e.id>5";

		// 3,带上排序条件的:Order By
		// hql = "FROM Employee e WHERE e.id<10 ORDER BY e.name";
		// hql = "FROM Employee e WHERE e.id<10 ORDER BY e.name DESC";
		// hql = "FROM Employee e WHERE e.id<10 ORDER BY e.name DESC, id ASC";

		// 4,指定select子句(不可以使用select *)
		// hql = "SELECT e FROM Employee e"; // 相当于"FROM Employee e"
		// hql = "SELECT e.name FROM Employee e"; // 只查询一个列,返回的集合的元素类型就是这个属性的类型
		// hql = "SELECT e.id,e.name FROM Employee e"; // 查询多个列,返回的集合的元素类型是Object数组
		// hql = "SELECT new Employee(e.id,e.name) FROM Employee e"; // 可以使用new语法,指定把查询出的部分属性封装到对象中

		//5、分页查询,设置FirstResult和MaxResult的值
		String hql = "FROM Employee e WHERE id>3";
		Query query = session.createQuery(hql)
					.setFirstResult(3)
					.setMaxResults(3);
		List list = query.list();	//查询成一个列表	
		Employee employee = (Employee) query.uniqueResult();
		System.out.println(employee);
		
		for (Object obj : list) {
			if (obj.getClass().isArray()) {
				System.out.println(Arrays.toString((Object[]) obj));
			} else {
				System.out.println(obj);
			}
		}
		
		session.getTransaction().commit();
		session.close();
	}
	
	
	@Test
	public void testGet2(){
		Session session = sessionfactory.openSession();
		session.beginTransaction();
		
		String hql ="";
		
		// 1,聚集函数:count(), max(), min(), avg(), sum()
		// hql = "SELECT COUNT(*) FROM Employee"; // 返回的结果是Long型的
//		 hql = "SELECT min(id) FROM Employee"; // 返回的结果是id属性的类型
//		 Number result = (Number) session.createQuery(hql).uniqueResult();
//		 System.out.println(result.getClass());
//		 System.out.println(result);

		// 2,分组: Group By ... Having
		// hql = "SELECT e.name,COUNT(e.id) FROM Employee e GROUP BY e.name";
		// hql = "SELECT e.name,COUNT(e.id) FROM Employee e GROUP BY e.name HAVING count(e.id)>1";
		// hql = "SELECT e.name,COUNT(e.id) FROM Employee e WHERE id<9 GROUP BY e.name HAVING count(e.id)>1";
		// ---
		// hql = "SELECT e.name,COUNT(e.id) " + //
		// "FROM Employee e " + //
		// "WHERE id<9 " + //
		// "GROUP BY e.name " + //
		// "HAVING count(e.id)>1 " + //
		// "ORDER BY count(e.id) ASC";
		// ---
		// hql = "SELECT e.name,COUNT(e.id) AS c " + //
		// "FROM Employee e " + //
		// "WHERE id<9 " + //
		// "GROUP BY e.name " + //
		// "HAVING count(e.id)>1 " + // 在having子句中不能使用列别名
		// "ORDER BY c ASC"; // 在orderby子句中可以使用列别名

		// 3,连接查询 / HQL是面向对象的查询
		// >> 内连接(inner关键字可以省略)
		// hql = "SELECT e.id,e.name,d.name FROM Employee e JOIN e.department d";
		// hql = "SELECT e.id,e.name,d.name FROM Employee e INNER JOIN e.department d";
		// >> 左外连接(outer关键字可以省略)
		// hql = "SELECT e.id,e.name,d.name FROM Employee e LEFT OUTER JOIN e.department d";
		// >> 右外连接(outer关键字可以省略)
		// hql = "SELECT e.id,e.name,d.name FROM Employee e RIGHT JOIN e.department d";
		// 可以使用更方便的方法
		// hql = "SELECT e.id,e.name,e.department.name FROM Employee e";

		// 4,查询时使用参数
		// >> 方式一:使用'?'占位
		// hql = "FROM Employee e WHERE id BETWEEN ? AND ?";
		// List list = session.createQuery(hql)//
		// .setParameter(0, 5)// 设置参数,第1个参数的索引为0。
		// .setParameter(1, 15)//
		// .list();

		// >> 方式二:使用变量名
		// hql = "FROM Employee e WHERE id BETWEEN :idMin AND :idMax";
		// List list = session.createQuery(hql)//
		// .setParameter("idMax", 15)//
		// .setParameter("idMin", 5)//
		// .list();

		// 当参数是集合时,一定要使用setParameterList()设置参数值
		// hql = "FROM Employee e WHERE id IN (:ids)";
		// List list = session.createQuery(hql)//
		// .setParameterList("ids", new Object[] { 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 100 })//
		// .list();

		// 5,使用命名查询,但是这种方式不常用
		// Query query = session.getNamedQuery("queryByIdRange");
		// query.setParameter("idMin", 3);
		// query.setParameter("idMax", 10);
		// List list = query.list();

		// 6,update与delete,不会通知Session缓存
		// >> Update
		// int result = session.createQuery(//
		// "UPDATE Employee e SET e.name=? WHERE id>15")//
		// .setParameter(0, "无名氏")//
		// .executeUpdate(); // 返回int型的结果,表示影响了多少行。
		// System.out.println("result = " + result);
		// >> Delete
		int result2 = session.createQuery(//
				"DELETE FROM Employee e WHERE id>15")//
				.executeUpdate(); // 返回int型的结果,表示影响了多少行。
		System.out.println("result = " + result2);

		// ----- 执行查询并显示结果
		// // List list = session.createQuery(hql).list();
		// for (Object obj : list) {
		// if (obj.getClass().isArray()) {
		// System.out.println(Arrays.toString((Object[]) obj));
		// } else {
		// System.out.println(obj);
		// }
		// }		
		
		
		session.getTransaction().commit();
		session.close();
	}
	
	@Test
	public void testDML(){
		Session session = sessionfactory.openSession();
		session.beginTransaction();
		
		//第一次显示名称
		Employee employee  = (Employee)session.get(Employee.class, 13);
		System.out.println(employee.getName());
		
		//update与delete,不会通知Session缓存
		int result = session.createQuery(//
						"UPDATE Employee e SET e.name = ? WHERE id>10")
						.setParameter(0, "无名指2")//
						.executeUpdate();
		
		//第二次显示名称
		//需要立即显示更新后的用户,要刷新Session中的数据,refresh方法\flush方法
		session.refresh(employee);
		System.out.println(employee.getName());
		
		session.getTransaction().commit();
		session.close();
	}
}


二、通过createCriteria进行 的是查询功能,通过过滤一些条件

package hibernate_e_hql;

import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.List;

import org.hibernate.Criteria;
import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
import org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration;
import org.hibernate.criterion.Order;
import org.hibernate.criterion.Restrictions;
import org.junit.Test;

public class App {

	private static SessionFactory sessionFactory = new Configuration().configure()
											.addClass(Employee.class)
											.addClass(Department.class)
											.buildSessionFactory();
	
	@Test
	public void testAdd(){
		Session session = sessionFactory.openSession();
		session.beginTransaction();
		// --------------------------------------------

		// 保存一些部门数据
		for (int i = 1; i <= 10; i++) {
			Department department = new Department();
			department.setName("开发部_" + i);
			session.save(department);
		}

		// 保存一些员工数据
		for (int i = 1; i <= 20; i++) {
			Employee employee = new Employee();
			employee.setName("李XX_" + i);
			session.save(employee);
		}

		// --------------------------------------------
		session.getTransaction().commit();
		session.close();
	}
	
	@Test
	public void testGet(){
		Session session = sessionFactory.openSession();
		session.beginTransaction();
		// --------------------------------------------

		//创建Criteria对象
		Criteria criteria = session.createCriteria(Employee.class);
		//增加过滤的条件
		criteria.add(Restrictions.ge("id", 1));
		criteria.add(Restrictions.le("id",5));
		//增加排序的条件
		criteria.addOrder(Order.asc("name"));
		criteria.addOrder(Order.desc("id"));
		//执行查询
		//criteria.setFirstResult(0);
		//criteria.setMaxResults(100);
		List list = criteria.list();
		//criteria.uniqueResult();
		// 显示结果
		for (Object obj : list) {
			if (obj.getClass().isArray()) {
				System.out.println(Arrays.toString((Object[]) obj));
			} else {
				System.out.println(obj);
			}
		}
		// --------------------------------------------
		session.getTransaction().commit();
		session.close();
	}
}


通过这两种方法就能在hibernate中进行数据的增删改查能比较于session方法中save和update等方法,更有利于增加条件

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