340 Longest Substring with At Most K Distinct Characters

Given a string, find the length of the longest substring T that contains at most k distinct characters.

For example, Given s = “eceba” and k = 2,

T is "ece" which its length is 3.


这道题给我们一个字符串,让我们求最多有两个不同字符的最长子串。那么我们首先想到的是用哈希表来做,哈希表记录每个字符的出现次数,然后如果哈希表中的映射数量超过两个的时候,我们需要删掉一个映射,比如此时哈希表中e有2个,c有1个,此时把b也存入了哈希表,那么就有三对映射了,这时我们的left是0,先从e开始,映射值减1,此时e还有1个,不删除,left自增1。这是哈希表里还有三对映射,此时left是1,那么到c了,映射值减1,此时c映射为0,将c从哈希表中删除,left自增1,然后我们更新结果为i - left + 1,以此类推直至遍历完整个字符串. 

对于K不同个字符, 直接更换2为k就可以了。


public class LongestSubstringWithAtMostKDistrictCharacters {
    public int lengthOfLongestSubstringKDistinct(String s, int k) {
        int res = 0, left = 0;
        HashMap m = new HashMap<>();
        char[] chars = s.toCharArray();
        for (int i = 0; i < s.length(); i++) {
            m.put(chars[i], m.getOrDefault(chars[i], 0) + 1);
            while (m.keySet().size() > k) {
                int tmp = m.get(chars[left]);
                m.put(chars[left], tmp--);
                if (tmp == 0) {
                    m.remove(chars[left]);
                }
                left++;
            }
            res = Math.max(res, i - left + 1);
        }
        return res;
    }
    
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        LongestSubstringWithAtMostKDistrictCharacters ts = new LongestSubstringWithAtMostKDistrictCharacters();
        int res = ts.lengthOfLongestSubstringKDistinct("ececab", 2);
        System.out.println(res);
    }
}

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