==========================================================================================一、基础介绍==========================================================================================1、简介SaltStack是一个服务器基础架构集中化管理平台,具备配置管理、远程执行、监控等功能,一般可以理解为简化版的puppet和加强版的func。SaltStack基于Python语言实现,结合轻量级消息队列(ZeroMQ)与Python第三方模块(Pyzmq、PyCrypto、Pyjinjia2、python-msgpack和PyYAML等)构建。
通过部署SaltStack环境,我们可以在成千上万台服务器上做到批量执行命令,根据不同业务特性进行配置集中化管理、分发文件、采集服务器数据、操作系统基础及软件包管理等,SaltStack是运维人员提高工作效率、规范业务配置与操作的利器。
2、特性(1)、部署简单、方便;(2)、支持大部分UNIX/Linux及Windows环境;(3)、主从集中化管理;(4)、配置简单、功能强大、扩展性强;(5)、主控端(master)和被控端(minion)基于证书认证,安全可靠;
(6)、支持API及自定义模块,可通过Python轻松扩展。
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3、Master与Minion认证(1)、minion在第一次启动时,会在/etc/salt/pki/minion/(该路径在/etc/salt/minion里面设置)下自动生成minion.pem(private key)和 minion.pub(public key),然后将 minion.pub发送给master。
(2)、master在接收到minion的public key后,通过salt-key命令accept minion public key,这样在master的/etc/salt/pki/master/minions下的将会存放以minion id命名的 public key,然后master就能对minion发送指令了。
4、Master与Minion的连接(1)、SaltStack master启动后默认监听4505和4506两个端口。4505(publish_port)为saltstack的消息发布系统,4506(ret_port)为saltstack客户端与服务端通信的端口。如果使用lsof 查看4505端口,会发现所有的minion在4505端口持续保持在ESTABLISHED状态。
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(2)、minion与master之间的通信模式如下:
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5、本次测试环境
IP****地址
角色
系统环境
10.133.33.85
master
CentOS 6.3
10.130.87.151
minion
CentOS 6.3
==========================================================================================二、SaltStack基础安装与配置==========================================================================================1、依赖组件说明http://docs.saltstack.com/en/latest/topics/installation/index.html
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SaltStack的通信模式总共分为2种模式:ZeroMQ、REAT,鉴于REAT目前还不是太稳定,我们选择ZeroMQ模式,本次安装采用源码安装的方式。
解压源码后,这些文本文件里也有组件依赖相关说明哈:
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2、SaltStack基础安装****(1)、python 2.7安装https://www.python.org/ftp/python/2.7.8/Python-2.7.8.tgz# tar xvzf Python-2.7.8.tgz# cd Python-2.7.8# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local# make --jobs=grep processor /proc/cpuinfo | wc -l
# make install
将python头文件拷贝到标准目录,以避免编译saltstack时,找不到所需的头文件# cd /usr/local/include/python2.7# cp -a ./* /usr/local/include/
备份旧版本的python,并符号链接新版本的python# cd /usr/bin# mv python python2.6# ln -s /usr/local/bin/python
修改yum脚本,使其指向旧版本的python,已避免其无法运行# vim /usr/bin/yum
!/usr/bin/python --> #!/usr/bin/python2.6
(2)、PyYAML模块安装http://pyyaml.org/download/libyaml/yaml-0.1.5.tar.gzhttps://pypi.python.org/packages/source/P/PyYAML/PyYAML-3.11.tar.gz# tar xvzf yaml-0.1.5.tar.gz# cd yaml-0.1.5# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local# make --jobs=grep processor /proc/cpuinfo | wc -l
# make install
tar xvzf PyYAML-3.11.tar.gz# cd PyYAML-3.11# python setup.py install
(3)、setuptools模块安装https://pypi.python.org/packages/source/s/setuptools/setuptools-7.0.tar.gz# tar xvzf setuptools-7.0.tar.gz# cd setuptools-7.0# python setup.py install
(4)、markupsafe模块安装https://pypi.python.org/packages/source/M/MarkupSafe/MarkupSafe-0.9.3.tar.gz# tar xvzf MarkupSafe-0.9.3.tar.gz# cd MarkupSafe-0.9.3# python setup.py install
(5)、jinja2模块安装https://pypi.python.org/packages/source/J/Jinja2/Jinja2-2.7.3.tar.gz# tar xvzf Jinja2-2.7.3.tar.gz # cd Jinja2-2.7.3# python setup.py install
(6)、pyzmq模块安装http://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/autoconf/autoconf-2.69.tar.gz
注意:系统自带的autoconf版本为2.63,在编译ZeroMQ时,由于版本较低,会报错不通过,故需安装大于2.63的版本。
tar xvzf autoconf-2.69.tar.gz# cd autoconf-2.69# ./configure --prefix=/usr# make# make install
其他依赖库安装# yum -y install libuuid.x86_64 libuuid-devel.x86_64# yum -y install uuid.x86_64 uuid-devel.x86_64# yum -y install uuid-c++.x86_64 uuid-c++-devel.x86_64
https://github.com/jedisct1/libsodium/archive/1.0.1.tar.gz# tar xvzf libsodium-1.0.1.tar.gz# cd libsodium-1.0.1# ./autogen.sh# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local # make --jobs=grep processor /proc/cpuinfo | wc -l
# make install
http://download.zeromq.org/zeromq-4.0.5.tar.gzhttps://pypi.python.org/packages/source/p/pyzmq/pyzmq-14.4.1.tar.gz# tar xvzf zeromq-4.0.5.tar.gz# cd zeromq-4.0.5# ./autogen.sh# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local# make --jobs=grep processor /proc/cpuinfo | wc -l
# make install
tar xvzf pyzmq-14.4.1.tar.gz# cd pyzmq-14.4.1# python setup.py configure --zmq=/usr/local# python setup.py install
(7)、M2Crypto模块安装# yum -y install swig.x86_64
http://www.openssl.org/source/openssl-1.0.1g.tar.gz# tar xvzf openssl-1.0.1g.tar.gz# cd openssl-1.0.1g# ./config shared --prefix=/usr/local# make && make install
https://pypi.python.org/packages/source/M/M2Crypto/M2Crypto-0.22.3.tar.gz# tar xvzf M2Crypto-0.22.3.tar.gz# cd M2Crypto-0.22.3# python setup.py install
注意:650) this.width=650;" width="650" height="276" title="06.png" alt="wKioL1Sf0SihxJdTAAOvt6zwKuQ140.jpg" src="http://s3.51cto.com/wyfs02/M02/57/97/wKioL1Sf0SihxJdTAAOvt6zwKuQ140.jpg" onabort="" onblur="" onchange="" onclick="" ondblclick="" onerror="" onfocus="" onkeydown="" onkeypress="" onkeyup="" onmousedown="" onmousemove="" onmouseout="" onmouseover="" onmouseup="" onreset="" onresize="" onselect="" onsubmit="" onunload="" style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; vertical-align: top; border: none; width: 697px; height: 211px;">
如果出现以上报错,执行以下命令:# cp -a /usr/local/include/openssl /usr/include/
(8)、msgpack模块安装https://pypi.python.org/packages/source/m/msgpack-python/msgpack-python-0.4.2.tar.gz# tar xvzf msgpack-python-0.4.2.tar.gz# cd msgpack-python-0.4.2# python setup.py install
(9)、msgpack-pure模块安装https://pypi.python.org/packages/source/m/msgpack-pure/msgpack-pure-0.1.3.tar.gz# tar xvzf msgpack-pure-0.1.3.tar.gz# cd msgpack-pure-0.1.3# python setup.py install
(10)、pycrypto模块安装https://pypi.python.org/packages/source/p/pycrypto/pycrypto-2.6.1.tar.gz# tar xvzf pycrypto-2.6.1.tar.gz# cd pycrypto-2.6.1# python setup.py install
(11)、requests模块安装https://pypi.python.org/packages/source/r/requests/requests-2.5.0.tar.gz# tar xvzf requests-2.5.0.tar.gz# cd requests-2.5.0# python setup.py install
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vim Python-2.7.8/Modules/Setup
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然后再重新对python-2.7.8进行编译安装即可解决以上问题。
vim/etc/ld.so.conf
/usr/local/lib
/usr/local/lib64
/sbin/ldconfig
cd Python-2.7.8# make && make install
注意:如果openssl库在python之前已经安装,就不会出现这种情况,也无需经历此步骤,此处更多的是想说明一下组件之间的依赖关系,作为提醒。
(12)、其他模块安装https://pypi.python.org/packages/source/l/libnacl/libnacl-1.3.5.tar.gzhttps://pypi.python.org/packages/source/i/ioflo/ioflo-1.0.2.tar.gzhttps://pypi.python.org/packages/source/s/six/six-1.8.0.tar.gzhttps://pypi.python.org/packages/source/r/raet/raet-0.4.2.tar.gzhttps://pypi.python.org/packages/source/M/Mako/Mako-1.0.0.tar.gz
注意:以上模块为REAT通信模式所依赖的模块,作为可选项,非必要。
(13)、saltstack安装https://github.com/saltstack/salt/releases/download/v2014.7.0/salt-2014.7.0.tar.gz# tar xvzf salt-2014.7.0.tar.gz# cd salt-2014.7.0# python setup.py install
salt --versions-report
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3、SaltStack配置****(1)、master端# mkdir /etc/salt# cp -a conf/master /etc/salt/# cp -a pkg/suse/salt-master /etc/init.d/# chmod +x /etc/init.d/salt-master# chkconfig --level 235 salt-master on
mkdir -p /var/log/salt /srv/salt
vim /etc/salt/masterinterface: 10.133.33.85auto_accept: True
ln -s /usr/local/bin/salt-master /usr/bin/# service salt-master start
netstat -ntlp
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ps aux | grep python
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(2)、minion端# mkdir /etc/salt# cp -a conf/minion /etc/salt/# cp -a pkg/suse/salt-minion /etc/init.d/# chmod +x /etc/init.d/salt-minion# chkconfig --level 235 salt-minion on
mkdir -p /var/log/salt
vim /etc/salt/minionmaster: 10.133.33.85id: minion-10-130-87-151
ln -s /usr/local/bin/salt-minion /usr/bin/# service salt-minion start
ps aux | grep python
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4、SaltStack简单使用## 查看当前的salt key信息# salt-key -L650) this.width=650;" width="650" height="91" title="11.png" alt="wKiom1Sf06XTHnz7AACYyu0j3cw532.jpg" src="http://s3.51cto.com/wyfs02/M01/57/9A/wKiom1Sf06XTHnz7AACYyu0j3cw532.jpg" onabort="" onblur="" onchange="" onclick="" ondblclick="" onerror="" onfocus="" onkeydown="" onkeypress="" onkeyup="" onmousedown="" onmousemove="" onmouseout="" onmouseover="" onmouseup="" onreset="" onresize="" onselect="" onsubmit="" onunload="" style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; vertical-align: top; border: none; width: 697px; height: 78px;">
测试被控主机的连通性# salt '*' test.ping
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远程命令执行测试# salt '*' cmd.run 'uptime'
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根据被控主机的grains信息进行匹配过滤# salt -G 'os:Centos' test.ping650) this.width=650;" title="11.png" alt="wKiom1Sf1JDyTqp4AAB63fXt6hw598.jpg" src="http://s3.51cto.com/wyfs02/M00/57/9A/wKiom1Sf1JDyTqp4AAB63fXt6hw598.jpg" onabort="" onblur="" onchange="" onclick="" ondblclick="" onerror="" onfocus="" onkeydown="" onkeypress="" onkeyup="" onmousedown="" onmousemove="" onmouseout="" onmouseover="" onmouseup="" onreset="" onresize="" onselect="" onsubmit="" onunload="" width="650" style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; vertical-align: top; border: none;">
显示被控主机的操作系统类型# salt '*' grains.item os650) this.width=650;" width="650" height="94" title="11.png" alt="wKiom1Sf1NTxlPsnAACcxbpeFK0008.jpg" src="http://s3.51cto.com/wyfs02/M01/57/9A/wKiom1Sf1NTxlPsnAACcxbpeFK0008.jpg" onabort="" onblur="" onchange="" onclick="" ondblclick="" onerror="" onfocus="" onkeydown="" onkeypress="" onkeyup="" onmousedown="" onmousemove="" onmouseout="" onmouseover="" onmouseup="" onreset="" onresize="" onselect="" onsubmit="" onunload="" style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; vertical-align: top; border: none; width: 737px; height: 79px;">
远程代码执行测试# salt '*' cmd.exec_code python 'import sys; print sys.version'
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5、常用模块介绍(1)、cp模块(实现远程文件、目录的复制,以及下载URL文件等操作)## 将主服务器file_roots指定位置下的目录复制到被控主机# salt '*' cp.get_dir salt://hellotest /data
将主服务器file_roots指定位置下的文件复制到被控主机# salt '*' cp.get_file salt://hellotest/rocketzhang /root/rocketzhang
下载指定URL内容到被控主机指定位置# salt '*' cp.get_url http://xxx.xyz.com/download/0/files.tgz /root/files.tgz
(2)、cmd模块(实现远程的命令行调用执行)# salt '*' cmd.run 'netstat -ntlp'
(3)、cron模块(实现被控主机的crontab操作)## 为指定的被控主机、root用户添加crontab信息# salt '' cron.set_job root '/5' '' '' '' '' 'date >/dev/null 2>&1'# salt '*' cron.raw_cron root
删除指定的被控主机、root用户的crontab信息# salt '' cron.rm_job root 'date >/dev/null 2>&1'# salt '' cron.raw_cron root
(4)、dnsutil模块(实现被控主机通用DNS操作)## 为被控主机添加指定的hosts主机配置项# salt '*' dnsutil.hosts_append /etc/hosts 127.0.0.1 rocketzhang.qq.com
(5)、file模块(被控主机文件常见操作,包括文件读写、权限、查找、校验等)# salt '' file.get_sum /etc/resolv.conf md5# salt '' file.stats /etc/resolv.conf更多功能可以看文档哈 _
(6)、network模块(返回被控主机网络信息)# salt '' network.ip_addrs# salt '' network.interfaces更多功能可以看文档哈 _
(7)、pkg包管理模块(被控主机程序包管理,如yum、apt-get等)# salt '' pkg.install nmap# salt '' pkg.file_list nmap
(8)、service 服务模块(被控主机程序包服务管理)# salt '' service.enable crond# salt '' service.disable crond
salt '' service.status crond# salt '' service.stop crond# salt '' service.start crond# salt '' service.restart crond# salt '*' service.reload crond(9)、更多功能更多的功能,比如:grains、pillar、states、modules、returner、runners、reactor等,还有如下高级命令的使用,以及模板配置的渲染、扩展模块的二次开发等,可以自己去深入学习哈。
==========================================================================================附录==========================================================================================一些学习资料:http://docs.saltstack.com/en/latest/ref/modules/all/index.htmlhttp://docs.saltstack.com/en/latest/ref/modules/index.htmlhttp://www.saltstack.cn/projects/cssug-kb/wikihttp://salt-api.readthedocs.org/en/latest/http://xiaorui.cc/category/saltstack/http://www.shencan.net/index.php/category/%e8%87%aa%e5%8a%a8%e5%8c%96%e8%bf%90%e7%bb%b4/saltstack/http://liuping0906.blog.51cto.com/2516248/d-13http://lixcto.blog.51cto.com/4834175/d-1http://blog.coocla.org/category/saltstackhttp://pengyao.org/
资源站点:https://github.com/saltstack/https://github.com/saltstack-formulashttps://github.com/cssug