Kubernetes 1.15 环境搭建实战(iptables篇)

使用 kubeadm 搭建Kubernetes 1.15单节点集群实战(基于Oracle Linux 7.6)

前提:

a,安装Oracle VirtualBox,创建Oracle Linux 7.6虚机。

Oracle VirtualBox下载地址:https://www.virtualbox.org/wiki/Downloads

Oracle Linux 7.6下载地址:https://edelivery.oracle.com

b,在VirtualBox中,通过host network manager创建Host-Only Ethernet Adapter。

Kubernetes 1.15 环境搭建实战(iptables篇)_第1张图片

c,创建虚拟机的网络,设置NAT和Host-Only两种。(NAT连外网)

Kubernetes 1.15 环境搭建实战(iptables篇)_第2张图片

Kubernetes 1.15 环境搭建实战(iptables篇)_第3张图片

 

详细步骤:

1,系统配置和更新。使用root用户执行。

yum-config-manager --enable ol7_addons
yum-config-manager --enable ol7_preview
yum -y update
reboot

2,iptables设置。使用root用户执行。

iptables -P FORWARD ACCEPT
iptables-save > /etc/sysconfig/iptables

3,安装和调试docker。使用root用户执行。

yum-config-manager \
    --add-repo \
    https://download.docker.com/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo
yum install -y https://www.rpmfind.net/linux/centos/7.6.1810/extras/x86_64/Packages/container-selinux-2.99-1.el7_6.noarch.rpm
yum install -y docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io
systemctl enable docker
systemctl start docker

## Create /etc/docker directory.
mkdir /etc/docker

# Setup daemon.
cat > /etc/docker/daemon.json <

成功时的结果

Hello from Docker!
This message shows that your installation appears to be working correctly.

To generate this message, Docker took the following steps:
 1. The Docker client contacted the Docker daemon.
 2. The Docker daemon pulled the "hello-world" image from the Docker Hub.
    (amd64)
 3. The Docker daemon created a new container from that image which runs the
    executable that produces the output you are currently reading.
 4. The Docker daemon streamed that output to the Docker client, which sent it
    to your terminal.

To try something more ambitious, you can run an Ubuntu container with:
 $ docker run -it ubuntu bash

Share images, automate workflows, and more with a free Docker ID:
 https://hub.docker.com/

For more examples and ideas, visit:
 https://docs.docker.com/get-started/

4,配置防火墙。使用root用户执行。

systemctl enable firewalld
systemctl start firewalld
firewall-cmd --add-masquerade --permanent
firewall-cmd --add-port=10250/tcp --permanent
firewall-cmd --add-port=8472/udp --permanent
firewall-cmd --add-port=6443/tcp --permanent
firewall-cmd --reload

5,配置netfilter。使用root用户执行。

modprobe br_netfilter
echo "br_netfilter" > /etc/modules-load.d/br_netfilter.conf
cat < /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf 
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 1
EOF
sysctl --system

6,配置enforce。使用root用户执行。

/usr/sbin/setenforce 0
sed -i 's/SELINUX=enforcing/SELINUX=permissive/g' /etc/selinux/config

7,追加kubernetes的repository。使用root用户执行。

cat < /etc/yum.repos.d/kubernetes.repo
[kubernetes]
name=Kubernetes
baseurl=https://packages.cloud.google.com/yum/repos/kubernetes-el7-x86_64
enabled=1
gpgcheck=1
repo_gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=https://packages.cloud.google.com/yum/doc/yum-key.gpg https://packages.cloud.google.com/yum/doc/rpm-package-key.gpg
exclude=kube*
EOF

8,安装kubelet,kubeadm,kubectl。使用root用户执行。

yum install -y kubelet kubeadm kubectl --disableexcludes=kubernetes
systemctl enable --now kubelet

9,配置swap。无视swap on的错误。使用root用户执行。(kubernetes不推荐使用虚拟内存,不使用虚拟内存时需要足够多的物理内存。所以作为学习用时还是使用虚拟内存性能好些。)

cat < /etc/sysconfig/kubelet
KUBELET_EXTRA_ARGS=--fail-swap-on=false
EOF

10,安装kubernetes 1.15。使用root用户执行。

使用Host-Only的网卡。(即enp0s8)

将来使用calico网络,所以--pod-network-cidr指定的是192.168.0.0/16。

IP_ADDR=$(ip addr show enp0s8 | grep -Po 'inet \K[\d.]+')
echo $IP_ADDR
kubeadm init --pod-network-cidr=192.168.0.0/16 --apiserver-advertise-address=$IP_ADDR --kubernetes-version stable-1.15 --ignore-preflight-errors=Swap

11,设置开始自动启动kubelet,查看kubelet状态。使用root用户执行。

systemctl enable kubelet 
systemctl status kubelet

12,使用kubernetes 1.15集群的用户设置。使用root用户执行。(示例中的用户名是k8s115)

su - k8s115
mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config
echo "source <(kubectl completion bash)" >> ~/.bashrc
echo "alias k=kubectl" >> ~/.bashrc

13,安装calico网络。使用k8s115用户执行。

kubectl apply -f https://docs.projectcalico.org/v3.7/manifests/calico.yaml

14,设置Master节点也可以做为Node工作。使用k8s115用户执行。

kubectl taint nodes --all node-role.kubernetes.io/master-

15,查看。使用k8s115用户执行。

15-1,查看nodes

kubectl get nodes

结果

NAME     STATUS   ROLES    AGE     VERSION
k8s115   Ready    master   2m34s   v1.15.0

15-2,查看所用pods

kubectl get pods --all-namespaces

结果

NAMESPACE     NAME                                       READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
kube-system   calico-kube-controllers-6fb584dd97-5fpcb   1/1     Running   0          66s
kube-system   calico-node-h6fmm                          1/1     Running   0          67s
kube-system   coredns-5c98db65d4-m7d56                   1/1     Running   0          2m39s
kube-system   coredns-5c98db65d4-qcg6f                   1/1     Running   0          2m39s
kube-system   etcd-k8s115                                1/1     Running   0          2m3s
kube-system   kube-apiserver-k8s115                      1/1     Running   0          102s
kube-system   kube-controller-manager-k8s115             1/1     Running   0          113s
kube-system   kube-proxy-gxtzm                           1/1     Running   0          2m39s
kube-system   kube-scheduler-k8s115                      1/1     Running   0          114s

16,发布一个nginx deployment,进行检证。使用k8s115用户执行。​​​​​​​

发布

kubectl create deployment nginx --image=nginx

查看deployments

kubectl get deployments

查看deployments的结果

NAME    READY   UP-TO-DATE   AVAILABLE   AGE
nginx   1/1     1            1           67s

查看pods

kubectl get pods -o wide

查看pods的结果

NAME                     READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE   IP                NODE     NOMINATED NODE   READINESS GATES
nginx-554b9c67f9-trvqx   1/1     Running   0          81s   192.168.150.196   k8s115              

用curl访问nginx应用(IP是查看pods的结果的IP值)

curl 192.168.40.196

curl的结果




Welcome to nginx!



Welcome to nginx!

If you see this page, the nginx web server is successfully installed and working. Further configuration is required.

For online documentation and support please refer to nginx.org.
Commercial support is available at nginx.com.

Thank you for using nginx.

恭喜,kubernetes 1.15正常安装完成。

结尾!

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