Centos7上编译安装Httpd2.4
Centos7上编译安装HTTPD2.4
在Centos7上使用yum安装httpd是最简便的方式。但是由于Centos7自带的htpd版本固定，有时我们可能需要安装更新版本的httpd，或者需要开启httpd默认未开启的功能模块，此时编译httpd源码的安装方式将是我们必须掌握的技能。
1 准备源码包
从官网下载httpd源码包，并将其街道指定路径：
[root@Centos7 R1 ~]#ls /app/packages/
httpd-2.4.28.tar.gz
[root@Centos7 R1 ~]#cd /app/source/
[root@Centos7 R1 source]#tar xf ../packages/httpd-2.4.28.tar.gz
[root@Centos7 R1 source]#ls
httpd-2.4.282 安装编译需要的相关组件
编译源码文件需要依赖特定的编译工具，同时，编译Httpd也需要依赖特定的相关工具，我们在此一并安装：
yum -y -q groupinstall "Development tools"
yum -y -q install apr-devel apr-util-devel openssl-devel pcre-devel mod_ssl expat-devel3 创建apache账户
httpd在运行过程中，需要使用一个同医德账户管运行相关的进程，我们定义该账户为apache，并予以创建：
[root@Centos7 R1 httpd]#useradd -r -d /app/httpd/htdocs/ -s /sbin/nologin apache
[root@Centos7 R1 httpd]#cat /etc/passwd |grep apache
apache:x:304:304::/app/httpd/htdocs:/sbin/nologin我们设定apache账户的家目录为/app/httpd/htdocs是因为，在后续编译完成后，该目录将被用于存储网页文件，也即DocumentRoot，apache账户需要有该目录的读权限。
4 编译安装Httpd
编译安装Httpd需要用到源码包自带的configure工具，进入解压后的目录后，我们可以使用./configure --help查看相关的帮助
[root@Centos7 R1 httpd-2.4.28]#./configure --help
`configure' configures this package to adapt to many kinds of systems.
Usage: ./configure [OPTION]... [VAR=VALUE]...
To assign environment variables (e.g., CC, CFLAGS...), specify them as
VAR=VALUE. See below for descriptions of some of the useful variables.
Defaults for the options are specified in brackets.
Installation directories:
--prefix=PREFIX install architecture-independent files in PREFIX
[/usr/local/apache2]
--exec-prefix=EPREFIX install architecture-dependent files in EPREFIX
[PREFIX]
Fine tuning of the installation directories:
--bindir=DIR user executables [EPREFIX/bin]
--sysconfdir=DIR read-only single-machine data [PREFIX/etc]
--mandir=DIR man documentation [DATAROOTDIR/man]
--docdir=DIR documentation root [DATAROOTDIR/doc/PACKAGE]
--htmldir=DIR html documentation [DOCDIR]
…… ……编译Httpd需要用到以下两条命令：
[root@Centos7 R1 httpd-2.4.28]#./configure --prefix=/app/httpd --enable-so --enable-ssl --enable-cgi \
--enable-rewrite --with-zlib --with-pcre --enable-modules=most --enable-mpms-shared=all --with-mpm=worker
…… ……
configure: summary of build options:
Server Version: 2.4.28
Install prefix: /app/httpd
C compiler: gcc -std=gnu99
CFLAGS: -pthread
LDFLAGS:
LIBS:
CPPFLAGS: -DLINUX -D_REENTRANT -D_GNU_SOURCE
C preprocessor: gcc -E
[root@Centos7 R1 httpd-2.4.28]make && make install
Making all in srclib
make[1]: Entering directory `/app/source/httpd-2.4.28/srclib'
make[1]: Leaving directory `/app/source/httpd-2.4.28/srclib'
Making all in os
make[1]: Entering directory `/app/source/httpd-2.4.28/os'
Making all in unix
make[2]: Entering directory `/app/source/httpd-2.4.28/os/unix'
make[3]: Entering directory `/app/source/httpd-2.4.28/os/unix'
…… ……
Installing configuration files
[PRESERVING EXISTING HTDOCS SUBDIR: /app/httpd/htdocs]
[PRESERVING EXISTING ERROR SUBDIR: /app/httpd/error]
[PRESERVING EXISTING ICONS SUBDIR: /app/httpd/icons]
[PRESERVING EXISTING CGI SUBDIR: /app/httpd/cgi-bin]
Installing header files
Installing build system files
Installing man pages and online manual
make[1]: Leaving directory `/app/source/httpd-2.4.28'
[root@Centos7 R1 httpd-2.4.28]#cd /app/httpd/
[root@Centos7 R1 httpd]#ls
bin build cgi-bin conf error htdocs icons include logs man manual modules5 修改Httpd的配置文件
编译完成的Httpd的配置文件位于/app/httpd/conf/httpd.conf,我们需要先做个简单的设置，复杂的设置后期可以参考文档自行设置：
[root@Centos7 R1 httpd]#sed -i.bak 's/#ServerName/ServerName/g' /app/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
[root@Centos7 R1 httpd]#sed -i 's/User daemon/User apache/' /app/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
[root@Centos7 R1 httpd]#sed -i 's/Group daemon/Group apache/' /app/httpd/conf/httpd.conf第一条命令用于修改Httpd的ServerName,否则每次启动Httpd服务都会报错，且启动很慢，尽管并不影响Httpd服务运行。此处显然只是将注释符号去掉就可以了。第二条命令和第三条命令指定了运行Httpd进程的默认账户信息。
6 将httpd服务加入开机启动
由于是编译安装，没有启动脚本，我们不能够使用systenctl工具对Httpd服务进行管理，也无法使用chkconfig命令对Httpd的开机启动行为进行控制。但是编译完成的Httpd文件中已经自带了控制Httpd服务运行的二进制程序apachectl,同样可使用start、stop、restart等参数命令对Httpd服务进行控制。因此，我们需要将该命令加入控制开机启动的文件/etc/rc.d/rc.local中：
[root@Centos7 R1 httpd]#echo "/app/httpd/bin/apachectl start" >> /etc/rc.d/rc.local
[root@Centos7 R1 httpd]#chmod +x /etc/rc.d/rc.local
[root@Centos7 R1 httpd]#tail -n1 /etc/rc.d/rc.local
/app/httpd/bin/apachectl start
[root@Centos7 R1 httpd]#ll /etc/rc.d/rc.local
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 504 Oct 27 19:52 /etc/rc.d/rc.local7 修改PATH变量
前面我们提到Httpd自带的命令工具apachectl，该命令位于目录/app/httpd/bin/，同时该目录下还有一些其他的命令工具，为了能够直接使用这些命令而不每次陈指定路径，我们需要将该目录加入到PATH变量：
[root@Centos7 R1 httpd]#echo "PATH=/app/httpd/bin:\$PATH" > /etc/profile.d/httpd.sh
[root@Centos7 R1 httpd]#cat /etc/profile.d/httpd.sh
PATH=/app/httpd/bin:$PATH8 启动Httpd服务并查看端口信息
[root@Centos7 R1 httpd]#apachectl start
[root@Centos7 R1 httpd]#pstree | grep httpd
|-httpd---3*[httpd---26*[{httpd}]]
[root@Centos7 R1 httpd]#ss -ntl
State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port
LISTEN 0 10 172.18.42.51:53 *:*
LISTEN 0 10 192.168.25.51:53 *:*
LISTEN 0 10 127.0.0.1:53 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 *:22 *:*
LISTEN 0 100 127.0.0.1:25 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 127.0.0.1:953 *:*
LISTEN 0 80 :::3306 :::*
LISTEN 0 128 :::80 :::*
LISTEN 0 10 ::1:53 :::*
LISTEN 0 128 :::22 :::*
LISTEN 0 100 ::1:25 :::*
LISTEN 0 128 ::1:953 :::* 很显然Httpd服务启动成功，并且工作于worker模式，并对80端口进行监听。现在我们可以使用curl命令访问httpd服务的Web页面：
[root@Centos7 R1 httpd]#echo Congratulations'!' > /app/httpd/htdocs/index.html
[root@Centos7 R1 httpd]#cat /app/httpd/htdocs/index.html
Congratulations!
[root@Centos7 R1 httpd]#curl -I http://127.0.0.1:80
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Date: Fri, 27 Oct 2017 14:01:57 GMT
Server: Apache/2.4.28 (Unix)
Last-Modified: Fri, 27 Oct 2017 14:01:26 GMT
ETag: "11-55c87b98974a1"
Accept-Ranges: bytes
Content-Length: 17
Content-Type: text/html
[root@Centos7 R1 httpd]#curl http://127.0.0.1:80
Congratulations!测试成功。至此Httpd编译安装完成。