有一段时间,正则表达式学习很火热很潮流,当时在CSDN一天就能看到好几个正则表达式的帖子,那段时间借助论坛以及Wrox Press出版的《C#字符串和正则表达式参考手册》学习了一些基础的知识,同时也为我在CSDN大概赚了1000分,今天想起来,去找《C#字符串和正则表达式参考手册》时,已经不知所踪了。现在用到正则的时候也比较少,把以前的笔记等整理一下,以志不忘。
(1)“@”符号
符下两ows表研究室的火热,当晨在“@”虽然并非C#正则表达式的“成员”,但是它经常与C#正则表达式出双入对。“@”表示,跟在它后面的字符串是个“逐字字符串”,不是很好理解,举个例子,以下两个声明是等效的:
string x="D:\\My Huang\\My Doc";
string y = @"D:\My Huang\My Doc";
事实上,如果按如下声明,C#将会报错,因为“\”在C#中用于实现转义,如“\n”换行:
string x = "D:\My Huang\My Doc";
(2)基本的语法字符。
\d 0-9的数字
\D \d的补集(以所以字符为全集,下同),即所有非数字的字符
\w 单词字符,指大小写字母、0-9的数字、下划线
\W \w的补集
\s 空白字符,包括换行符\n、回车符\r、制表符\t、垂直制表符\v、换页符\f
\S \s的补集
. 除换行符\n外的任意字符
[…] 匹配[]内所列出的所有字符
[^…] 匹配非[]内所列出的字符
下面提供一些简单的示例:
string i = "\n";
string m = "3";
Regex r = new Regex(@"\D");
//同Regex r = new Regex("\\D");
//r.IsMatch(i)结果:true
//r.IsMatch(m)结果:false
string i = "%";
string m = "3";
Regex r = new Regex("[a-z0-9]");
//匹配小写字母或数字字符
//r.IsMatch(i)结果:false
//r.IsMatch(m)结果:true
(3)定位字符
string i = "Live for nothing,die for something";
Regex r1 = new Regex("^Live for nothing,die for something$");
//r1.IsMatch(i) true
Regex r2 = new Regex("^Live for nothing,die for some$");
//r2.IsMatch(i) false
Regex r3 = new Regex("^Live for nothing,die for some");
//r3.IsMatch(i) true
string i = @"Live for nothing,
die for something";//多行
Regex r1 = new Regex("^Live for nothing,die for something$");
Console.WriteLine("r1 match count:" + r1.Matches(i).Count);//0
Regex r2 = new Regex("^Live for nothing,die for something$", RegexOptions.Multiline);
Console.WriteLine("r2 match count:" + r2.Matches(i).Count);//0
Regex r3 = new Regex("^Live for nothing,\r\ndie for something$");
Console.WriteLine("r3 match count:" + r3.Matches(i).Count);//1
Regex r4 = new Regex("^Live for nothing,$");
Console.WriteLine("r4 match count:" + r4.Matches(i).Count);//0
Regex r5 = new Regex("^Live for nothing,$", RegexOptions.Multiline);
Console.WriteLine("r5 match count:" + r5.Matches(i).Count);//0
Regex r6 = new Regex("^Live for nothing,\r\n$");
Console.WriteLine("r6 match count:" + r6.Matches(i).Count);//0
Regex r7 = new Regex("^Live for nothing,\r\n$", RegexOptions.Multiline);
Console.WriteLine("r7 match count:" + r7.Matches(i).Count);//0
Regex r8 = new Regex("^Live for nothing,\r$");
Console.WriteLine("r8 match count:" + r8.Matches(i).Count);//0
Regex r9 = new Regex("^Live for nothing,\r$", RegexOptions.Multiline);
Console.WriteLine("r9 match count:" + r9.Matches(i).Count);//1
Regex r10 = new Regex("^die for something$");
Console.WriteLine("r10 match count:" + r10.Matches(i).Count);//0
Regex r11 = new Regex("^die for something$", RegexOptions.Multiline);
Console.WriteLine("r11 match count:" + r11.Matches(i).Count);//1
Regex r12 = new Regex("^");
Console.WriteLine("r12 match count:" + r12.Matches(i).Count);//1
Regex r13 = new Regex("$");
Console.WriteLine("r13 match count:" + r13.Matches(i).Count);//1
Regex r14 = new Regex("^", RegexOptions.Multiline);
Console.WriteLine("r14 match count:" + r14.Matches(i).Count);//2
Regex r15 = new Regex("$", RegexOptions.Multiline);
Console.WriteLine("r15 match count:" + r15.Matches(i).Count);//2
Regex r16 = new Regex("^Live for nothing,\r$\n^die for something$", RegexOptions.Multiline);
Console.WriteLine("r16 match count:" + r16.Matches(i).Count);//1
//对于一个多行字符串,在设置了Multiline选项之后,^和$将出现多次匹配。
string i = "Live for nothing,die for something";
string m = "Live for nothing,die for some thing";
Regex r1 = new Regex(@"\bthing\b");
Console.WriteLine("r1 match count:" + r1.Matches(i).Count);//0
Regex r2 = new Regex(@"thing\b");
Console.WriteLine("r2 match count:" + r2.Matches(i).Count);//2
Regex r3 = new Regex(@"\bthing\b");
Console.WriteLine("r3 match count:" + r3.Matches(m).Count);//1
Regex r4 = new Regex(@"\bfor something\b");
Console.WriteLine("r4 match count:" + r4.Matches(i).Count);//1
//\b通常用于约束一个完整的单词
(4)重复描述字符
string x = "1024";
string y = "+1024";
string z = "1,024";
string a = "1";
string b="-1024";
string c = "10000";
Regex r = new Regex(@"^\+?[1-9],?\d{3}$");
Console.WriteLine("x match count:" + r.Matches(x).Count);//1
Console.WriteLine("y match count:" + r.Matches(y).Count);//1
Console.WriteLine("z match count:" + r.Matches(z).Count);//1
Console.WriteLine("a match count:" + r.Matches(a).Count);//0
Console.WriteLine("b match count:" + r.Matches(b).Count);//0
Console.WriteLine("c match count:" + r.Matches(c).Count);//0
//匹配1000到9999的整数。
(5)择一匹配
string x = "0";
string y = "0.23";
string z = "100";
string a = "100.01";
string b = "9.9";
string c = "99.9";
string d = "99.";
string e = "00.1";
Regex r = new Regex(@"^\+?((100(.0+)*)|([1-9]?[0-9])(\.\d+)*)$");
Console.WriteLine("x match count:" + r.Matches(x).Count);//1
Console.WriteLine("y match count:" + r.Matches(y).Count);//1
Console.WriteLine("z match count:" + r.Matches(z).Count);//1
Console.WriteLine("a match count:" + r.Matches(a).Count);//0
Console.WriteLine("b match count:" + r.Matches(b).Count);//1
Console.WriteLine("c match count:" + r.Matches(c).Count);//1
Console.WriteLine("d match count:" + r.Matches(d).Count);//0
Console.WriteLine("e match count:" + r.Matches(e).Count);//0
//匹配0到100的数。最外层的括号内包含两部分“(100(.0+)*)”,“([1-9]?[0-9])(\.\d+)*”,这两部分是“OR”的关系,即正则表达式引擎会先尝试匹配100,如果失败,则尝试匹配后一个表达式(表示[0,100)范围中的数字)。
string x = "\\";
Regex r1 = new Regex("^\\\\$");
Console.WriteLine("r1 match count:" + r1.Matches(x).Count);//1
Regex r2 = new Regex(@"^\\$");
Console.WriteLine("r2 match count:" + r2.Matches(x).Count);//1
Regex r3 = new Regex("^\\$");
Console.WriteLine("r3 match count:" + r3.Matches(x).Count);//0
//匹配“\”
string x = "\"";
Regex r1 = new Regex("^\"$");
Console.WriteLine("r1 match count:" + r1.Matches(x).Count);//1
Regex r2 = new Regex(@"^""$");
Console.WriteLine("r2 match count:" + r2.Matches(x).Count);//1
//匹配双引号
string x = "Live for nothing,die for something";
string y = "Live for nothing,die for somebody";
Regex r = new Regex(@"^Live ([a-z]{3}) no([a-z]{5}),die \1 some\2$");
Console.WriteLine("x match count:" + r.Matches(x).Count);//1
Console.WriteLine("y match count:" + r.Matches(y).Count);//0
//正则表达式引擎会记忆“()”中匹配到的内容,作为一个“组”,并且可以通过索引的方式进行引用。表达式中的“\1”,用于反向引用表达式中出现的第一个组,即粗体标识的第一个括号内容,“\2”则依此类推。
string x = "Live for nothing,die for something";
Regex r = new Regex(@"^Live for no([a-z]{5}),die for some\1$");
if (r.IsMatch(x))
{
Console.WriteLine("group1 value:" + r.Match(x).Groups[1].Value);//输出:thing
}
//获取组中的内容。注意,此处是Groups[1],因为Groups[0]是整个匹配的字符串,即整个变量x的内容。
string x = "Live for nothing,die for something";
Regex r = new Regex(@"^Live for no(?[a-z]{5}),die for some\1$");
if (r.IsMatch(x))
{
Console.WriteLine("group1 value:" + r.Match(x).Groups["g1"].Value);//输出:thing
}
//可根据组名进行索引。使用以下格式为标识一个组的名称(?…)。
string x = "Live for nothing nothing";
Regex r = new Regex(@"([a-z]+) \1");
if (r.IsMatch(x))
{
x = r.Replace(x, "$1");
Console.WriteLine("var x:" + x);//输出:Live for nothing
}
//删除原字符串中重复出现的“nothing”。在表达式之外,使用“$1”来引用第一个组,下面则是通过组名来引用:
string x = "Live for nothing nothing";
Regex r = new Regex(@"(?[a-z]+) \1");
if (r.IsMatch(x))
{
x = r.Replace(x, "${g1}");
Console.WriteLine("var x:" + x);//输出:Live for nothing
}
string x = "Live for nothing";
Regex r = new Regex(@"^Live for no(?:[a-z]{5})$");
if (r.IsMatch(x))
{
Console.WriteLine("group1 value:" + r.Match(x).Groups[1].Value);//输出:(空)
}
//在组前加上“?:”表示这是个“非捕获组”,即引擎将不保存该组的内容。
string x = "Live for nothing,die for something";
Regex r1 = new Regex(@".*thing");
if (r1.IsMatch(x))
{
Console.WriteLine("match:" + r1.Match(x).Value);//输出:Live for nothing,die for something
}
Regex r2 = new Regex(@".*?thing");
if (r2.IsMatch(x))
{
Console.WriteLine("match:" + r2.Match(x).Value);//输出:Live for nothing
}
string x = "Live for nothing,die for something";
Regex r1 = new Regex(@".*thing,");
if (r1.IsMatch(x))
{
Console.WriteLine("match:" + r1.Match(x).Value);//输出:Live for nothing,
}
Regex r2 = new Regex(@"(?>.*)thing,");
if (r2.IsMatch(x))//不匹配
{
Console.WriteLine("match:" + r2.Match(x).Value);
}
//在r1中,“.*”由于其贪婪特性,将一直匹配到字符串的最后,随后匹配“thing”,但在匹配“,”时失败,此时引擎将回溯,并在“thing,”处匹配成功。
在r2中,由于强制非回溯,所以整个表达式匹配失败。
string x = "1024 used 2048 free";
Regex r1 = new Regex(@"\d{4}(?= used)");
if (r1.Matches(x).Count==1)
{
Console.WriteLine("r1 match:" + r1.Match(x).Value);//输出:1024
}
Regex r2 = new Regex(@"\d{4}(?! used)");
if (r2.Matches(x).Count==1)
{
Console.WriteLine("r2 match:" + r2.Match(x).Value); //输出:2048
}
//r1中的正声明表示必须保证在四位数字的后面必须紧跟着“ used”,r2中的负声明表示四位数字之后不能跟有“ used”。
string x = "used:1024 free:2048";
Regex r1 = new Regex(@"(?<=used:)\d{4}");
if (r1.Matches(x).Count==1)
{
Console.WriteLine("r1 match:" + r1.Match(x).Value);//输出:1024
}
Regex r2 = new Regex(@"(?
(11)十六进制字符范围
正则表达式中,可以使用 "\xXX" 和 "\uXXXX" 表示一个字符("X" 表示一个十六进制数)形式字符范围:
\xXX 编号在 0到255 范围的字符,比如:空格可以使用 "\x20" 表示。
\uXXXX 任何字符可以使用 "\u" 再加上其编号的4位十六进制数表示,比如:汉字可以使用“[\u4e00-\u9fa5]”表示。
(12)对[0,100]的比较完备的匹配
下面是一个比较综合的示例,对于匹配[0,100],需要特殊考虑的地方包括
*00合法,00.合法,00.00合法,001.100合法
*空字符串不合法,仅小数点不合法,大于100不合法
*数值是可带后缀的,如“1.07f”表示该值为一个float类型(未考虑)
Regex r = new Regex(@"^\+?0*(?:100(\.0*)?|(\d{0,2}(?=\.\d)|\d{1,2}(?=($|\.$)))(\.\d*)?)$");
string x = "";
while (true)
{
x = Console.ReadLine();
if (x != "exit")
{
if (r.IsMatch(x))
{
Console.WriteLine(x + " succeed!");
}
else
{
Console.WriteLine(x + " failed!");
}
}
else
{
break;
}
}
标准下载网:http://www.biaozhuns.com/