linux安装mysql8
记录，关于mysql8.0.11的安装。
系统版本：Linux version 3.10.0-862.14.4.el7.x86_64 ([email protected]) (gcc version 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-28)
MySQL版本：8.0.11（注意官网新版的mysql后缀是xz，不是gz了。下载时，根据系统位数。64还是32）
我是在本机下载的，通过WinSCP上传到服务器，目录是 /usr/local/
相关注意事项：
mysql5.7后，user表没有password字段，换成authentication_string。
1.先看看系统里有没有mysql需要的库。如numactl，libaio。
命令格式如下：
rpm -qa | grep 名称
例如:
rpm -qa | grep numactl。
示范：
[root@Airflite_db01 ~]# rpm -qa | grep numactl
numactl-libs-2.0.9-7.el7.x86_64
[root@Airflite_db01 ~]# rpm -qa | grep libaio
libaio-0.3.109-13.el7.x86_64有结果证明是存在的。
2.进入/usr/local/ 这里是你上传mysql的地方
[root@Airflite_db01 ~]# cd /usr/local/
3.进行解压。你的mysql名称不一定和我一样。输入tar -zxvf mysql(按下Tab)，会自动补全。
[root@Airflite_db01 local]# tar -zxvf mysql-8.0.11-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz
4.把解压出来的文件，移动到 /user/local/mysql里，（不确定有没有解压出来可以到WinSCP连接看看，不用特地去创建mysql这个文件）
[root@Airflite_db01 local]# mv mysql-8.0.11-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 /usr/local/mysql
5.添加必要的用户组等等
[root@Airflite_db01 local]# groupadd mysql
[root@Airflite_db01 local]# useradd -r -g mysql -s /bin/false mysql
[root@Airflite_db01 local]# cd mysql
[root@Airflite_db01 mysql]# mkdir mysql-files
[root@Airflite_db01 mysql]# chown mysql:mysql mysql-files
[root@Airflite_db01 mysql]# chmod 750 mysql-files6.接下来要初始化mysql，这一步大多会出错，原因有千千万。
[root@Airflite_db01 mysql]# bin/mysqld --initialize --user=mysql
结果：
mysqld: Can't change dir to '/usr/local/mysql/data/' (OS errno 13 - Permission denied)
2018-10-19T07:40:14.595834Z 0 [System] [MY-013169] [Server] /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld (mysqld 8.0.11) initializing of server in progress as process 141149
2018-10-19T07:40:14.598768Z 0 [ERROR] [MY-010172] [Server] failed to set datadir to /usr/local/mysql/data/
2018-10-19T07:40:14.598788Z 0 [ERROR] [MY-010119] [Server] Aborting
2018-10-19T07:40:14.598943Z 0 [System] [MY-010910] [Server] /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld: Shutdown complete (mysqld 8.0.11) MySQL Community Server - GPL.
好吧，Permission denied。还好还好，问题不大，只是没权限，给加上就行了。
解决：（777 clearlove发功啦）
[root@Airflite_db01 mysql]# chmod 777 /usr/local/mysql
再次初始化：
[root@Airflite_db01 mysql]# bin/mysqld --initialize --user=mysql
2018-10-19T07:42:27.756076Z 0 [System] [MY-013169] [Server] /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld (mysqld 8.0.11) initializing of server in progress as process 141312
2018-10-19T07:42:31.700578Z 5 [Note] [MY-010454] [Server] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: L:ojzrgch5qe
2018-10-19T07:42:34.127673Z 0 [System] [MY-013170] [Server] /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld (mysqld 8.0.11) initializing of server has completed
诶，这就很舒服了。root@localhost: L:ojzrgch5qe。L:ojzrgch5qe 是root初始的密码。（注意localhost: 和 L中间有个空格是不归入密码的。）
7.复制服务文件：
[root@Airflite_db01 mysql]# cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysql.server
8.启动服务：（如果卡住了，就再按一下回车。）
[root@Airflite_db01 mysql]# bin/mysqld_safe --user=mysql &
9.修改root的密码，以及远程权限。
[root@Airflite_db01 mysql]# bin/mysql -uroot -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 8
Server version: 8.0.11
Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY '密码' PASSWORD EXPIRE NEVER;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.07 sec)
mysql> use mysql;
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A
Database changed
mysql> update user set host='%' where user = 'root';
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.09 sec)
Rows matched: 1 Changed: 1 Warnings: 0
mysql> ALTER USER 'root'@'%' IDENTIFIED WITH mysql_native_password BY '密码';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.07 sec)
mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> exit;
可以在本机用navicat连接试试。
关于mysql_native_password，这个密码策略。如果要搞主从复制，创建用户时，也需要设置密码策略。