linux Centos的ftp搭建-配置-上传下载文件--全面版

ftp搭建

一、搭建前提
a、ssh服务已经开启，b、防火墙关闭，c、连网
1、查看ssh和防火墙的状态
   service sshd status
   service iptables status

2、开启ssh
   service sshd start

3、关闭防火墙
   chkconfig iptables off

4、测试是否连网

二、安装并开启tftp和vsftpd
#yum install tftp
#yum install vsftpd
#chkconfig vsftpd on
#chkconfig tftp on

启动vsftpd服务
service vsftpd start
查看vsftpd的启动状态
service vsftpd status

三、打开21和20端口
# /sbin/iptables -I INPUT -p tcp --dport 21 -j ACCEPT
# /sbin/iptables -I INPUT -p tcp --dport 20 -j ACCEPT
# /etc/rc.d/init.d/iptables save

四、添加ftp用户
*进入etc下的vsftpd下再添加
#cd /etc/vsftpd/
#useradd ftpuser
#passwd ftpuser

五、修改vsftpd.conf配置文件
#vi /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf
1、把第一行的 anonymous_enable=YES ，改为NO
   **ftpusers：位于/etc/vsftpd/目录下。它指定了哪些用户账户不能访问FTP服务器，   例如root等。  
   **user_list：位于/etc/vsftpd目录下。该文件里的用户账户在默认情况下也不能访问FTP服务器，仅当vsftpd .conf配置文件里启用userlist_enable=NO选项时才允许访问。

六、重启服务
    service vsftpd restart

七、开启SELinux
1、getsebool -a | grep ftp ：查看SELinux下是否开启ftp的支持
   把allow_ftpd_full_access --> off，
     ftp_home_dir --> off      都改为on。

   #setsebool ftp_home_dir 1
   #setsebool allow_ftpd_full_access 1

  （*如果出现getsebool: SELinux is disabled的错误，需重新开启selinux
   #vi etc/selinux/config
   *SELinux=enable
   *重启linux，开启selinux）

ftp登录
1、ftp +ip地址
2、name：
3、password：
4、返回Login successful登录成功

ftp目录操作
1、ls ：列出当前文件夹下所有文件
2、cd ：和linux操作一样切换位置

ftp文件下载  
1、lcd  ：指定下载到的位置  （eg：lcd c:\test\）
2、getfile ：下载文件       （eg：get index.html 然后瞎子啊到指定位置）
   mgetfile ：下载多个文件  （eg：mget *.xls   下载以xls后缀的所有文件）

ftp文件上传
1、put file  ：上传文件到指定的ftp上传文件位置
   mput file ：上传多个文件

ftp关闭
1、bye  2、exit  3、quit

ftp搭建问题
500 OOPS: cannot change directory:/home/***
是路径目录错误，解决方法：
在配置文件中添加或更改默认访问路径文件
在vsftpd.conf最后添加 local_root=/home :登录后就会默认访问这个路径下的文件夹

 

 

***ftp权限设置（/etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf下）***
1、在配置文件最后添加chroot_local_user=YES 
   或者把配置中#chroot_local_user=YES的‘#’去掉  把所有的本地用户限制在给定的访问路径下的文件夹里
   如果只限制一些用户，则
   chroot_local_user=NO
   #chroot_list_enable=YES
   #(default follows)
   #chroot_list_file=/etc/vsftpd/chroot_list 
   //去掉‘#’，chroot_local_user改为NO
   :将要限制的用户添加到此文件里面

具体配置：

根据 /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf默认配置给出设定功能

# Example config file /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf

# The default compiled in settings are fairly paranoid. This sample file

# loosens things up a bit, to make the ftp daemon more usable.

# Please see vsftpd.conf.5 for all compiled in defaults.

# READ THIS: This example file is NOT an exhaustive list of vsftpd options.

# Please read the vsftpd.conf.5 manual page to get a full idea of vsftpd's

# capabilities.

# Allow anonymous FTP? (Beware - allowed by default if you comment this out).

anonymous_enable=YES

允许匿名用户登录

# Uncomment this to allow local users to log in.

local_enable=YES

允许系统用户名登录

# Uncomment this to enable any form of FTP write command.

write_enable=YES

允许使用任何可以修改文件系统的FTP的指令

# Default umask for local users is 077. You may wish to change this to 022,

# if your users expect that (022 is used by most other ftpd's)

local_umask=022

本地用户新增档案的权限

# Uncomment this to allow the anonymous FTP user to upload files. This only

# has an effect if the above global write enable is activated. Also, you will

# obviously need to create a directory writable by the FTP user.

#anon_upload_enable=YES

允许匿名用户上传文件

# Uncomment this if you want the anonymous FTP user to be able to create

# new directories.

#anon_mkdir_write_enable=YES

允许匿名用户创建新目录

# Activate directory messages - messages given to remote users when they

# go into a certain directory.

dirmessage_enable=YES

允许为目录配置显示信息,显示每个目录下面的message_file文件的内容

# Activate logging of uploads/downloads.

xferlog_enable=YES

开启日记功能 

# Make sure PORT transfer connections originate from port 20 (ftp-data).

connect_from_port_20=YES

使用标准的20端口来连接ftp 

# If you want, you can arrange for uploaded anonymous files to be owned by

# a different user. Note! Using "root" for uploaded files is not

# recommended!

#chown_uploads=YES

所有匿名上传的文件的所属用户将会被更改成chown_username 

#chown_username=whoever

 匿名上传文件所属用户名 

# You may override where the log file goes if you like. The default is shown

# below.

#xferlog_file=/var/log/vsftpd.log

日志文件位置 

# If you want, you can have your log file in standard ftpd xferlog format

xferlog_std_format=YES

使用标准格式 

# You may change the default value for timing out an idle session.

#idle_session_timeout=600

空闲连接超时 

# You may change the default value for timing out a data connection.

#data_connection_timeout=120

数据传输超时 

# It is recommended that you define on your system a unique user which the

# ftp server can use as a totally isolated and unprivileged user.

#nopriv_user=ftpsecure

当服务器运行于最底层时使用的用户名 

# Enable this and the server will recognise asynchronous ABOR requests. Not

# recommended for security (the code is non-trivial). Not enabling it,

# however, may confuse older FTP clients.

#async_abor_enable=YES

允许使用\"async ABOR\"命令,一般不用,容易出问题 

# By default the server will pretend to allow ASCII mode but in fact ignore

# the request. Turn on the below options to have the server actually do ASCII

# mangling on files when in ASCII mode.

# Beware that on some FTP servers, ASCII support allows a denial of service

# attack (DoS) via the command "SIZE /big/file" in ASCII mode. vsftpd

# predicted this attack and has always been safe, reporting the size of the

# raw file.

# ASCII mangling is a horrible feature of the protocol.

#ascii_upload_enable=YES

 管控是否可用ASCII 模式上传。默认值为NO

#ascii_download_enable=YES

管控是否可用ASCII 模式下载。默认值为NO

# You may fully customise the login banner string:

#ftpd_banner=Welcome to blah FTP service. 

 login时显示欢迎信息.如果设置了banner_file则此设置无效 

# You may specify a file of disallowed anonymous e-mail addresses. Apparently

# useful for combatting certain DoS attacks.

#deny_email_enable=YES

 如果匿名用户需要密码,那么使用banned_email_file里面的电子邮件地址的用户不能登录

# (default follows)

#banned_email_file=/etc/vsftpd/banned_emails

禁止使用匿名用户登陆时作为密码的电子邮件地址 

# You may specify an explicit list of local users to chroot() to their home

# directory. If chroot_local_user is YES, then this list becomes a list of

# users to NOT chroot().

#chroot_list_enable=YES

如果启动这项功能，则所有列在chroot_list_file中的使用者不能更改根目录 

# (default follows)

#chroot_list_file=/etc/vsftpd/chroot_list

定义不能更改用户主目录的文件 

# You may activate the "-R" option to the builtin ls. This is disabled by

# default to avoid remote users being able to cause excessive I/O on large

# sites. However, some broken FTP clients such as "ncftp" and "mirror" assume

# the presence of the "-R" option, so there is a strong case for enabling it.

#ls_recurse_enable=YES   

是否能使用ls -R命令以防止浪费大量的服务器资源 

# When "listen" directive is enabled, vsftpd runs in standalone mode and

# listens on IPv4 sockets. This directive cannot be used in conjunction

# with the listen_ipv6 directive.

listen=YES 

绑定到listen_port指定的端口,既然都绑定了也就是每时都开着的,就是那个什么

standalone模式 

# This directive enables listening on IPv6 sockets. To listen on IPv4 and IPv6

# sockets, you must run two copies of vsftpd whith two configuration files.

# Make sure, that one of the listen options is commented !!

#listen_ipv6=YES

pam_service_name=vsftpd  

定义PAM 所使用的名称，预设为vsftpd

userlist_enable=YES 

若启用此选项,userlist_deny选项才被启动 

tcp_wrappers=YES 

 开启tcp_wrappers支持 

anonymous_enable=YES

local_enable=YES

write_enable=YES

local_umask=022

#anon_upload_enable=YES

#anon_mkdir_write_enable=YES

dirmessage_enable=YES

xferlog_enable=YES

connect_from_port_20=YES

#chown_uploads=YES

#chown_username=whoever

#xferlog_file=/var/log/vsftpd.log

xferlog_std_format=YES

#idle_session_timeout=600

#data_connection_timeout=120

#nopriv_user=ftpsecure

#async_abor_enable=YES

#ascii_upload_enable=YES

#ascii_download_enable=YES

#ftpd_banner=Welcome to blah FTP service.

#deny_email_enable=YES

#banned_email_file=/etc/vsftpd/banned_emails

#chroot_list_enable=YES

#chroot_list_file=/etc/vsftpd/chroot_list

#ls_recurse_enable=YES

listen=YES

#listen_ipv6=YES

pam_service_name=vsftpd

userlist_enable=YES

tcp_wrappers=YES