前面我们讲了下rpm,那么rpm有什么弊端呢?其弊端是显而易见的,当用rpm安装软件时,若遇到有依赖关系的软件,必须先安装依赖的软件才能继续安装我们要安装的软件,当依赖关系很复杂的情况下,这种安装方式就很让人头疼,所以我们需要另一种安装方式来解决这个问题,今天我们要来学习的就是这样一个工具–yum
yum有什么优势呢?yum最大的优势就是能够解决rpm的依赖问题,yum能够自动解决软件安装时的依赖关系。
当然了,有优势就有劣势,人无完人嘛,软件也是一样的,yum的缺陷就是如果在未完成安装的情况下强行中止安装过程,下次再安装时将无法解决依赖关系,Fedora22+、redhat7和centos7等可以通过手动安装dnf工具来解决此问题。
dnf是redhat7上用来代替yum的一个工具,其存在的意义就是处理yum的缺陷,但其用法与yum是完全一样的,甚至连选项都是一样的,你可以理解为dnf就是yum,只是换了个名字而已。所以说只要学会了yum就自然会dnf,大家不用担心学了yum又要去学dnf之类的问题
那么什么是yum呢?yum是yellowdog update manager的简称,它能够实现rpm管理的所有操作,并能够自动解决各rpm包之间的依赖关系。yum是rpm的前端工具,是基于rpm来实现软件的管理的一个工具。
你不能用yum去管理windows的exe程序包,也不能用yum去管理ubuntu的deb程序包,只能用yum来管理redhat系列的rpm包
[root@localhost ~]# mount /dev/cdrom /mnt
mount: /dev/sr0 写保护,将以只读方式挂载
[root@localhost ~]# ls /mnt
addons images repodata
EFI isolinux RPM-GPG-KEY-redhat-beta
EULA LiveOS RPM-GPG-KEY-redhat-release
extra_files.json media.repo TRANS.TBL
GPL Packages
yum的工作需要两部分来合作,一部分是yum服务器,另一部分就是client的yum工具。下面分别介绍两部分工作原理。
所有要发行的rpm包都放在yum服务器上以提供别人来下载,rpm包根据kernel的版本号,cpu的版本号分别编译发布。yum服务器只要提供简单的下载就可以了,ftp或者http的形式都可以。yum服务器有一个最重要的环节就是整理出每个rpm包的基本信息,包括rpm包对应的版本号、conf文件、binary信息,以及很关键的依赖信息。在yum服务器上提供了createrepo工具,用于把rpm包的基本概要信息做成一张“清单”,这张“清单”就是描述每个rpm包的spec文件中信息。
client每次调用yum install或者search的时候,都会去解析/etc/yum.repos.d下面所有以.repo结尾的配置文件,这些配置文件指定了yum服务器的地址。yum会定期去更新yum服务器上的rpm包清单,然后把清单下载保存到yum客户端自己的cache里面,根据/etc/yum.conf里配置(默认是/var/cache/yum下面),每次调用yum装包的时候都会去这个cache目录下去找清单,根据清单里的rpm包描述从而来确定安装包的名字、版本号、所需要的依赖包等,然后再去yum服务器下载rpm安装。(前提是不存在rpm包的cache)
为yum定义repo文件
[Repo_Name]:仓库名称
name:描述信息
baseurl:仓库的具体路径,接受以下三种类型
ftp://
http://
file:///
enabled:可选值{1|0},1为启用此仓库,0为禁用此仓库
gpgcheck:可选值{1|0},1为检查软件包来源合法性,0为不检查来源
如果gpgcheck设为1,则必须用gpgkey定义密钥文件的具体路径
gpgkey=/PATH/TO/KEY
vim /etc/yum.conf
cachedir=/var/cache/yum/$basearch/$releasever //缓存目录
keepcache=0 //缓存软件包, 1启动 0 关闭
debuglevel=2 //调试级别
logfile=/var/log/yum.log //日志记录位置
exactarch=1 //检查平台是否兼容
obsoletes=1 //检查包是否废弃
gpgcheck=1 //检查来源是否合法,需要有制作者的公钥信息
plugins=1 //是否启用插件
tolerant={1|0} //容错功能,1为开启,0为关闭,当设为0时,如果用yum安装多个软件包且其中某个软件包已经安装过就会报错;当设为1时,当要安装的软件已经安装时自动忽略
installonly_limit=5
bugtracker_url
# metadata_expire=90m //每小时手动检查元数据
# in /etc/yum.repos.d //包含repos.d目录
[root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/yum.repos.d/wang.repo
[wang]
name=wang
baseurl=file:///mnt
gpgcheck=0
enabled=1
[root@localhost ~]# yum clean all
已加载插件:product-id, search-disabled-repos, subscription-manager
This system is not registered with an entitlement server. You can use subscription-manager to register.
正在清理软件源: wang
Cleaning up everything
Maybe you want: rm -rf /var/cache/yum, to also free up space taken by orphaned data from disabled or removed repos
[root@localhost ~]# yum list all
yum-utils.noarch 1.1.31-42.el7 wang
zenity.x86_64 3.22.0-1.el7 wang
zip.x86_64 3.0-11.el7 wang
zlib.i686 1.2.7-17.el7 wang
zlib-devel.i686 1.2.7-17.el7 wang
zsh.x86_64 5.0.2-28.el7 wang
zziplib.i686 0.13.62-5.el7 wang
zziplib.x86_64 0.13.62-5.el7 wang
[root@localhost ~]#
// Base/Extras/Updates: 默认国外官方源
[root@localhost ~]# curl -o /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo \
http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo
//国外epel源
[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install epel-release
//阿里云epel源
[root@localhost ~]# curl -o /etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo \
http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/epel-7.repo
[root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/yum.repos.d/nginx.repo
[nginx]
name=nginx repo
baseurl=http://nginx.org/packages/centos/7/$basearch/
gpgcheck=0
enabled=1
[root@localhost ~]# yum clean all
已加载插件:product-id, search-disabled-repos, subscription-manager
This system is not registered with an entitlement server. You can use subscription-manager to register.
正在清理软件源: nginx
Cleaning up everything
Maybe you want: rm -rf /var/cache/yum, to also free up space taken by orphaned data from disabled or removed repos
(需在网络连通的情况下进行)
1.卸载红帽yum源
[root@localhost ~]# rpm -e $(rpm -qa|grep yum) --nodeps
2.删除所有repo相关文件
[root@localhost ~]# rm -f /etc/yum.conf
[root@localhost ~]# rm -rf /etc/yum.repos.d/
[root@localhost ~]# rm -rf /var/cache/yum
3.下载centos相关yum组件
[root@localhost ~]# wget http://mirror.centos.org/centos/7/os/x86_64/Packages/yum-3.4.3-161.el7.centos.noarch.rpm
[root@localhost ~]# wget http://mirror.centos.org/centos/7/os/x86_64/Packages/yum-metadata-parser-1.1.4-10.el7.x86_64.rpm
[root@localhost ~]# wget http://mirror.centos.org/centos/7/os/x86_64/Packages/yum-plugin-fastestmirror-1.1.31-50.el7.noarch.rpm
[root@localhost ~]# wget http://mirror.centos.org/centos/7/os/x86_64/Packages/yum-updateonboot-1.1.31-50.el7.noarch.rpm
[root@localhost ~]# wget http://mirror.centos.org/centos/7/os/x86_64/Packages/yum-utils-1.1.31-50.el7.noarch.rpm
//如果没有wget命令则使用curl命令
[root@localhost ~]# curl -o yum-utils-1.1.31-50.el7.noarch.rpm http://mirror.centos.org/centos/7/os/x86_64/Packages/yum-utils-1.1.31-50.el7.noarch.rpm
[root@localhost ~]# curl -o yum-3.4.3-161.el7.centos.noarch.rpm http://mirror.centos.org/centos/7/os/x86_64/Packages/yum-3.4.3-161.el7.centos.noarch.rpm
[root@localhost ~]# curl -o yum-metadata-parser-1.1.4-10.el7.x86_64.rpm http://mirror.centos.org/centos/7/os/x86_64/Packages/yum-metadata-parser-1.1.4-10.el7.x86_64.rpm
[root@localhost ~]# curl -o yum-plugin-fastestmirror-1.1.31-50.el7.noarch.rpm http://mirror.centos.org/centos/7/os/x86_64/Packages/yum-plugin-fastestmirror-1.1.31-50.el7.noarch.rpm
[root@localhost ~]# curl -o yum-updateonboot-1.1.31-50.el7.noarch.rpm http://mirror.centos.org/centos/7/os/x86_64/Packages/yum-updateonboot-1.1.31-50.el7.noarch.rpm
3.安装所有相关组件
[root@localhost ~]# rpm -ivh yum-* --nodeps
4.下载base和epel仓库
[root@localhost ~]# wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo
[root@localhost ~]# sed -i 's#\$releasever#7#g' /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo
[root@localhost ~]# wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/epel-7.repo
yum [options] [command] [package …]
常用的options:
--nogpgcheck //如果从网上下载包有时会检查gpgkey,此时可以使用此命令跳过gpgkey的检查
-y //自动回答为"yes"
-q //静默模式,安装时不输出信息至标准输出
--disablerepo=repoidglob //临时禁用此处指定的repo
--enablerepo=repoidglob //临时启用此处指定的repo
--noplugins //禁用所有插件
[root@localhost ~]# yum install vsftpd
Is this ok [y/d/N]: y
Downloading packages:
Running transaction check
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded
Running transaction
正在安装 : vsftpd-3.0.2-22.el7.x86_64 1/1
验证中 : vsftpd-3.0.2-22.el7.x86_64 1/1
已安装:
vsftpd.x86_64 0:3.0.2-22.el7
完毕!
[root@localhost ~]# yum -y remove vsftpd
移除 1 软件包
安装大小:348 k
Downloading packages:
Running transaction check
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded
Running transaction
正在删除 : vsftpd-3.0.2-22.el7.x86_64 1/1
验证中 : vsftpd-3.0.2-22.el7.x86_64 1/1
删除:
vsftpd.x86_64 0:3.0.2-22.el7
完毕!
[root@localhost ~]# yum -y -q install vsftpd
[root@localhost ~]# rpm -q vsftpd
vsftpd-3.0.2-22.el7.x86_64
常用的command
list //列表
all //默认项
available //列出仓库中有的,但尚未安装的所有可用的包
installed //列出已经安装的包
updates //可用的升级
zenity.x86_64 3.22.0-1.el7 wang
zip.x86_64 3.0-11.el7 wang
zlib.i686 1.2.7-17.el7 wang
zlib-devel.i686 1.2.7-17.el7 wang
zsh.x86_64 5.0.2-28.el7 wang
zziplib.i686 0.13.62-5.el7 wang
zziplib.x86_64 0.13.62-5.el7 wang
269 yum list all
270 history
zenity.x86_64 3.22.0-1.el7 wang
zip.x86_64 3.0-11.el7 wang
zlib.i686 1.2.7-17.el7 wang
zlib-devel.i686 1.2.7-17.el7 wang
zsh.x86_64 5.0.2-28.el7 wang
zziplib.i686 0.13.62-5.el7 wang
zziplib.x86_64 0.13.62-5.el7 wang
271 yum list available
272 history
yum.noarch 3.4.3-154.el7 @anaconda/7.4
yum-metadata-parser.x86_64 1.1.4-10.el7 @anaconda/7.4
yum-rhn-plugin.noarch 2.0.1-9.el7 @anaconda/7.4
zlib.x86_64 1.2.7-17.el7 @anaconda/7.4
zlib-devel.x86_64 1.2.7-17.el7 @wang
273 yum list installed
274 history
[root@localhost ~]# yum list updates
已加载插件:product-id, search-disabled-repos, subscription-manager
This system is not registered with an entitlement server. You can use subscription-manager to register.
[root@localhost ~]#
clean //清理缓存
packages
headers
metadata
dbcache
all
[root@localhost ~]# yum clean packages
已加载插件:product-id, search-disabled-repos, subscription-manager
This system is not registered with an entitlement server. You can use subscription-manager to register.
正在清理软件源: wang
0 package 文件已移除
[root@localhost ~]# yum clean headers
已加载插件:product-id, search-disabled-repos, subscription-manager
This system is not registered with an entitlement server. You can use subscription-manager to register.
正在清理软件源: wang
0 header 文件已移除
[root@localhost ~]# yum clean metadata
已加载插件:product-id, search-disabled-repos, subscription-manager
This system is not registered with an entitlement server. You can use subscription-manager to register.
正在清理软件源: wang
3 metadata 文件已移除
2 sqlite 文件已移除
0 metadata 文件已移除
[root@localhost ~]# yum clean dbcache
已加载插件:product-id, search-disabled-repos, subscription-manager
This system is not registered with an entitlement server. You can use subscription-manager to register.
正在清理软件源: wang
0 sqlite 文件已移除
[root@localhost ~]# yum clean all
已加载插件:product-id, search-disabled-repos, subscription-manager
This system is not registered with an entitlement server. You can use subscription-manager to register.
正在清理软件源: wang
Cleaning up everything
Maybe you want: rm -rf /var/cache/yum, to also free up space taken by orphaned data from disabled or removed repos
repolist //显示repo列表及其简要信息
all
enabled //默认项
disabled
[root@localhost ~]# yum repolist all
已加载插件:product-id, search-disabled-repos, subscription-manager
This system is not registered with an entitlement server. You can use subscription-manager to register.
wang | 4.1 kB 00:00
(1/2): wang/group_gz | 137 kB 00:00
(2/2): wang/primary_db | 4.0 MB 00:00
源标识 源名称 状态
nginx/x86_64 nginx repo 禁用
wang wang 启用: 4,986
repolist: 4,986
[root@localhost ~]#
[root@localhost ~]# yum repolist disabled
已加载插件:product-id, search-disabled-repos, subscription-manager
This system is not registered with an entitlement server. You can use subscription-manager to register.
源标识 源名称
nginx/x86_64 nginx repo
repolist: 0
install //安装
yum install packages [...]
[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install tree
已加载插件:product-id, search-disabled-repos, subscription-manager
This system is not registered with an entitlement server. You can use subscription-manager to register.
软件包 tree-1.6.0-10.el7.x86_64 已安装并且是最新版本
无须任何处理
update //升级
yum update packages [...]
[root@localhost ~]# yum update tree
已加载插件:product-id, search-disabled-repos, subscription-manager
This system is not registered with an entitlement server. You can use subscription-manager to register.
No packages marked for update
update_to //升级为指定版本
downgrade package1 [package2 ...] //降级
remove|erase //卸载
[root@localhost ~]# yum remove tree
安装大小:87 k
是否继续?[y/N]:y
Downloading packages:
Running transaction check
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded
Running transaction
正在删除 : tree-1.6.0-10.el7.x86_64 1/1
验证中 : tree-1.6.0-10.el7.x86_64 1/1
删除:
tree.x86_64 0:1.6.0-10.el7
完毕!
[root@localhost ~]# rpm -q tree
未安装软件包 tree
info //显示rpm -qi package的结果
yum info packages
[root@localhost ~]# yum info tree
已加载插件:product-id, search-disabled-repos, subscription-manager
This system is not registered with an entitlement server. You can use subscription-manager to register.
可安装的软件包
名称 :tree
架构 :x86_64
版本 :1.6.0
发布 :10.el7
大小 :46 k
源 :wang
简介 : File system tree viewer
网址 :http://mama.indstate.edu/users/ice/tree/
协议 : GPLv2+
描述 : The tree utility recursively displays the contents of directories
: in a tree-like format. Tree is basically a UNIX port of the DOS
: tree utility.
provides|whatprovides //查看指定的文件或特性是由哪个包安装生成的
[root@localhost ~]# yum provides tree
已加载插件:product-id, search-disabled-repos, subscription-manager
This system is not registered with an entitlement server. You can use subscription-manager to register.
tree-1.6.0-10.el7.x86_64 : File system tree viewer
源 :wang
search string1 [string2 ...] //以指定的关键字搜索程序包名及summary信息
[root@localhost ~]# yum search ftp
已加载插件:product-id, search-disabled-repos, subscription-manager
This system is not registered with an entitlement server. You can use subscription-manager to register.
============================= N/S matched: ftp =============================
ftp.x86_64 : The standard UNIX FTP (File Transfer Protocol) client
tftp.x86_64 : The client for the Trivial File Transfer Protocol (TFTP)
tftp-server.x86_64 : The server for the Trivial File Transfer Protocol
: (TFTP)
vsftpd.x86_64 : Very Secure Ftp Daemon
curl.x86_64 : A utility for getting files from remote servers (FTP, HTTP,
: and others)
lftp.i686 : A sophisticated file transfer program
lftp.x86_64 : A sophisticated file transfer program
wget.x86_64 : A utility for retrieving files using the HTTP or FTP protocols
名称和简介匹配 only,使用“search all”试试。
deplist package [package2 ...] //显示指定包的依赖关系
[root@localhost ~]# yum deplist tree
已加载插件:product-id, search-disabled-repos, subscription-manager
This system is not registered with an entitlement server. You can use subscription-manager to register.
软件包:tree.x86_64 1.6.0-10.el7
依赖:libc.so.6(GLIBC_2.14)(64bit)
provider: glibc.x86_64 2.17-196.el7
依赖:rtld(GNU_HASH)
provider: glibc.x86_64 2.17-196.el7
provider: glibc.i686 2.17-196.el7
history //查看yum的历史事务信息
[root@localhost ~]# yum history
已加载插件:product-id, search-disabled-repos, subscription-manager
This system is not registered with an entitlement server. You can use subscription-manager to register.
ID | 登录用户 | 日期和时间 | 操作 | 变更数
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
15 | root | 2019-06-11 23:10 | Erase | 1
14 | root | 2019-06-11 22:59 | Install | 1
13 | root | 2019-06-11 22:58 | Erase | 1
12 | root | 2019-06-11 22:58 | Install | 1
11 | root | 2019-06-11 22:57 | Erase | 1
localinstall //安装本地rpm包,自动解决依赖关系
[root@localhost ~]# yum localinstall /mnt/Packages/tree-1.6.0-10.el7.x86_64.rpm
已加载插件:product-id, search-disabled-repos, subscription-manager
This system is not registered with an entitlement server. You can use subscription-manager to register.
正在检查 /mnt/Packages/tree-1.6.0-10.el7.x86_64.rpm: tree-1.6.0-10.el7.x86_64
/mnt/Packages/tree-1.6.0-10.el7.x86_64.rpm 将被安装
正在解决依赖关系
--> 正在检查事务
---> 软件包 tree.x86_64.0.1.6.0-10.el7 将被 安装
--> 解决依赖关系完成
依赖关系解决
grouplist //列出可用的组
[root@localhost ~]# yum grouplist
已加载插件:product-id, search-disabled-repos, subscription-manager
This system is not registered with an entitlement server. You can use subscription-manager to register.
没有安装组信息文件
Maybe run: yum groups mark convert (see man yum)
可用的环境分组:
最小安装
基础设施服务器
文件及打印服务器
基本网页服务器
虚拟化主机
带 GUI 的服务器
可用组:
传统 UNIX 兼容性
兼容性程序库
图形管理工具
安全性工具
开发工具
控制台互联网工具
智能卡支持
科学记数法支持
系统管理
系统管理工具
完成
groupinstall "group name" //安装一组软件
列出软件仓库中可用的软件
zlib-devel.i686 1.2.7-17.el7 wang
zsh.x86_64 5.0.2-28.el7 wang
zziplib.i686 0.13.62-5.el7 wang
zziplib.x86_64 0.13.62-5.el7 wang
[root@localhost ~]# yum list all
进行模糊查找
[root@localhost ~]# yum list | grep samba
samba.x86_64 4.6.2-8.el7 wang
samba-client.x86_64 4.6.2-8.el7 wang
samba-client-libs.i686 4.6.2-8.el7 wang
samba-client-libs.x86_64 4.6.2-8.el7 wang
samba-common.noarch 4.6.2-8.el7 wang
samba-common-libs.x86_64 4.6.2-8.el7 wang
samba-common-tools.x86_64 4.6.2-8.el7 wang
samba-krb5-printing.x86_64 4.6.2-8.el7 wang
samba-libs.i686 4.6.2-8.el7 wang
samba-libs.x86_64 4.6.2-8.el7 wang
samba-python.x86_64 4.6.2-8.el7 wang
samba-winbind.x86_64 4.6.2-8.el7 wang
samba-winbind-clients.x86_64 4.6.2-8.el7 wang
samba-winbind-modules.i686 4.6.2-8.el7 wang
samba-winbind-modules.x86_64 4.6.2-8.el7 wang
列出软件包详情
[root@localhost ~]# yum info ftp
已加载插件:product-id, search-disabled-repos, subscription-manager
This system is not registered with an entitlement server. You can use subscription-manager to register.
可安装的软件包
名称 :ftp
架构 :x86_64
版本 :0.17
发布 :67.el7
大小 :61 k
源 :wang
简介 : The standard UNIX FTP (File Transfer Protocol) client
网址 :ftp://ftp.linux.org.uk/pub/linux/Networking/netkit
协议 : BSD with advertising
描述 : The ftp package provides the standard UNIX command-line FTP (File
: Transfer Protocol) client. FTP is a widely used protocol for
: transferring files over the Internet and for archiving files.
:
: If your system is on a network, you should install ftp in order
: to do file transfers.
重装软件包
[root@localhost ~]# rpm -q vsftpd
vsftpd-3.0.2-22.el7.x86_64
[root@localhost ~]# rpm -qc vsftpd
/etc/logrotate.d/vsftpd
/etc/pam.d/vsftpd
/etc/vsftpd/ftpusers
/etc/vsftpd/user_list
/etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf
[root@localhost ~]# rm -rf /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf
[root@localhost ~]# yum reinstall vsftpd
已加载插件:product-id, search-disabled-repos, subscription-manager
This system is not registered with an entitlement server. You can use subscription-manager to register.
正在解决依赖关系
--> 正在检查事务
---> 软件包 vsftpd.x86_64.0.3.0.2-22.el7 将被 已重新安装
--> 解决依赖关系完成
依赖关系解决
Running transaction
正在安装 : vsftpd-3.0.2-22.el7.x86_64 1/1
验证中 : vsftpd-3.0.2-22.el7.x86_64 1/1
已安装:
vsftpd.x86_64 0:3.0.2-22.el7
完毕!
[root@localhost ~]# rpm -qc vsftpd
/etc/logrotate.d/vsftpd
/etc/pam.d/vsftpd
/etc/vsftpd/ftpusers
/etc/vsftpd/user_list
/etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf
更新软件包
[root@localhost ~]# yum check-update
已加载插件:product-id, search-disabled-repos, subscription-manager
This system is not registered with an entitlement server. You can use subscription-manager to register.
[root@localhost ~]# yum update acl -y
已加载插件:product-id, search-disabled-repos, subscription-manager
This system is not registered with an entitlement server. You can use subscription-manager to register.
No packages marked for update
删除软件包
[root@localhost ~]# rpm -q vsftpd
vsftpd-3.0.2-22.el7.x86_64
[root@localhost ~]# yum remove vsftpd
[root@localhost ~]# rpm -q vsftpd
未安装软件包 vsftpd
与仓库相关的命令
[root@localhost ~]# yum repolist
已加载插件:product-id, search-disabled-repos, subscription-manager
This system is not registered with an entitlement server. You can use subscription-manager to register.
源标识 源名称 状态
wang wang 4,986
repolist: 4,986
[root@localhost ~]# yum repolist all
已加载插件:product-id, search-disabled-repos, subscription-manager
This system is not registered with an entitlement server. You can use subscription-manager to register.
源标识 源名称 状态
nginx/x86_64 nginx repo 禁用
wang wang 启用: 4,986
repolist: 4,986
[root@localhost ~]# yum repolist /etc/my.cnf
已加载插件:product-id, search-disabled-repos, subscription-manager
This system is not registered with an entitlement server. You can use subscription-manager to register.
repolist: 0
[root@localhost ~]# yum repolist cd
已加载插件:product-id, search-disabled-repos, subscription-manager
This system is not registered with an entitlement server. You can use subscription-manager to register.
repolist: 0
[root@localhost ~]# yum repolist *bin/pstree
已加载插件:product-id, search-disabled-repos, subscription-manager
This system is not registered with an entitlement server. You can use subscription-manager to register.
repolist: 0
与缓存相关的命令
[root@localhost ~]# yum makecache
已加载插件:product-id, search-disabled-repos, subscription-manager
This system is not registered with an entitlement server. You can use subscription-manager to register.
wang | 4.1 kB 00:00
(1/2): wang/filelists_db | 3.4 MB 00:00
(2/2): wang/other_db | 1.5 MB 00:00
元数据缓存已建立
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/yum.conf
[root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/yum.conf
[main]
cachedir=/var/cache/yum/$basearch/$releasever
keepcache=1
debuglevel=2
logfile=/var/log/yum.log
exactarch=1
obsoletes=1
gpgcheck=1
plugins=1
installonly_limit=3
[root@localhost ~]# ls /var/cache/yum/x86_64/7Server/wang/
1b9191ed6b5ecb203c1389ea4f4600b7193181d6df34dab911c5a5346a984c1a-filelists.sqlite.bz2
35b2bd4d785b1be1a4aa6ac9a2c89903f20a6e4fc428af1fdac6e4df3bd75048-primary.sqlite.bz2
9c36ffa7133f0a1d973e3f4a323fae9cdf9463d5a7eec37fbf3e3824ffd9c78c-comps-Server.x86_64.xml.gz
9fb5a96fb9a423077885ddc5a3eb1e426fe7f4db94e2f3374273ce4267f4a05b-other.sqlite.bz2
bc7372b8befa9b51b26a8a998ca89b5be3e5636e30546b1e3f11d198d7bed64d-productid.gz
cachecookie
gen
packages
repomd.xml
与包相关的命令
[root@localhost ~]# yum groups list
已加载插件:product-id, search-disabled-repos, subscription-manager
This system is not registered with an entitlement server. You can use subscription-manager to register.
没有安装组信息文件
Maybe run: yum groups mark convert (see man yum)
可用的环境分组:
最小安装
基础设施服务器
文件及打印服务器
基本网页服务器
虚拟化主机
带 GUI 的服务器
可用组:
传统 UNIX 兼容性
兼容性程序库
图形管理工具
安全性工具
开发工具
控制台互联网工具
智能卡支持
科学记数法支持
系统管理
系统管理工具
完成
[root@localhost ~]# yum goups install Development tools
subversion-libs.x86_64 0:1.7.14-10.el7
systemtap-client.x86_64 0:3.1-3.el7
systemtap-devel.x86_64 0:3.1-3.el7
systemtap-runtime.x86_64 0:3.1-3.el7
trousers.x86_64 0:0.3.14-2.el7
unzip.x86_64 0:6.0-16.el7
zip.x86_64 0:3.0-11.el7
完毕!
与历史相关的命令
[root@localhost ~]# yum groups remove -y Base
已加载插件:product-id, search-disabled-repos, subscription-manager
This system is not registered with an entitlement server. You can use subscription-manager to register.
No environment named Base exists
Maybe run: yum groups mark remove (see man yum)
指定组中没有要移除的软件包
[root@localhost ~]# mount /dev/cdrom /mnt
mount: /dev/sr0 写保护,将以只读方式挂载
[root@localhost ~]# ls /mnt
addons images repodata
EFI isolinux RPM-GPG-KEY-redhat-beta
EULA LiveOS RPM-GPG-KEY-redhat-release
extra_files.json media.repo TRANS.TBL
GPL Packages
[root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/yum.repos.d/wang.repo
[wang]
name=wang
baseurl=file:///mnt
gpgcheck=0
enabled=1
[root@localhost ~]# yum clean all
已加载插件:product-id, search-disabled-repos, subscription-manager
This system is not registered with an entitlement server. You can use subscription-manager to register.
正在清理软件源: wang
Cleaning up everything
Maybe you want: rm -rf /var/cache/yum, to also free up space taken by orphaned data from disabled or removed repos
[root@localhost ~]# yum list all
yum-utils.noarch 1.1.31-42.el7 wang
zenity.x86_64 3.22.0-1.el7 wang
zip.x86_64 3.0-11.el7 wang
zlib.i686 1.2.7-17.el7 wang
zlib-devel.i686 1.2.7-17.el7 wang
zsh.x86_64 5.0.2-28.el7 wang
zziplib.i686 0.13.62-5.el7 wang
zziplib.x86_64 0.13.62-5.el7 wang
[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install epel-release
[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install httpd php
已安装:
php.x86_64 0:5.4.16-42.el7
作为依赖被安装:
libzip.x86_64 0:0.10.1-8.el7 php-cli.x86_64 0:5.4.16-42.el7
php-common.x86_64 0:5.4.16-42.el7
完毕!
[root@localhost ~]# yum list | grep nginx
pcp-pmda-nginx.x86_64 3.11.8-7.el7 wang
[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install httpd php
已加载插件:product-id, search-disabled-repos, subscription-manager
This system is not registered with an entitlement server. You can use subscription-manager to register.
软件包 httpd-2.4.6-67.el7.x86_64 已安装并且是最新版本
软件包 php-5.4.16-42.el7.x86_64 已安装并且是最新版本
无须任何处理
[root@localhost ~]# yum makecache
已加载插件:product-id, search-disabled-repos, subscription-manager
This system is not registered with an entitlement server. You can use subscription-manager to register.
wang | 4.1 kB 00:00
(1/2): wang/filelists_db | 3.4 MB 00:00
(2/2): wang/other_db | 1.5 MB 00:00
元数据缓存已建立
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/yum.conf
[root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/yum.conf
[main]
cachedir=/var/cache/yum/$basearch/$releasever
keepcache=1
debuglevel=2
logfile=/var/log/yum.log
exactarch=1
obsoletes=1
gpgcheck=1
plugins=1
installonly_limit=3
[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install yum-plugin-downloadonly
已加载插件:product-id, search-disabled-repos, subscription-manager
This system is not registered with an entitlement server. You can use subscription-manager to register.
软件包 yum-3.4.3-154.el7.noarch 已安装并且是最新版本
无须任何处理
[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install --downloadonly --downloaddir=/tmp httpd
已加载插件:product-id, search-disabled-repos, subscription-manager
This system is not registered with an entitlement server. You can use subscription-manager to register.
软件包 httpd-2.4.6-67.el7.x86_64 已安装并且是最新版本
无须任何处理
[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install tree
Running transaction
正在安装 : tree-1.6.0-10.el7.x86_64 1/1
验证中 : tree-1.6.0-10.el7.x86_64 1/1
已安装:
tree.x86_64 0:1.6.0-10.el7
完毕!
[root@localhost ~]# rpm -q httpd
httpd-2.4.6-67.el7.x86_64
[root@localhost ~]# yum -y remove httpd
[root@localhost ~]# rpm -q httpd
未安装软件包 httpd
[root@localhsot ~]# mkdir /wly
[root@localhsot ~]# mount /dev/sr0 /wly
mount: /dev/sr0 写保护,将以只读方式挂载
[root@localhsot ~]# cd /etc/yum.repos.d/
[root@localhsot yum.repos.d]# ls
redhat.repo wang.repo
[root@localhsot yum.repos.d]# vi wang.repo
[root@localhsot yum.repos.d]# cat wang.repo
[wang]
name=wang
baseurl=file:///wly
gpgcheck=0
enabled=1
[root@localhsot yum.repos.d]# yum clean all
已加载插件:product-id, search-disabled-repos, subscription-manager
This system is not registered with an entitlement server. You can use subscription-manager to register.
Repodata is over 2 weeks old. Install yum-cron? Or run: yum makecache fast
正在清理软件源: wang
Cleaning up everything
Maybe you want: rm -rf /var/cache/yum, to also free up space taken by orphaned data from disabled or removed repos
[root@localhsot yum.repos.d]# yum repolist
已加载插件:product-id, search-disabled-repos, subscription-manager
This system is not registered with an entitlement server. You can use subscription-manager to register.
wang | 4.1 kB 00:00
(1/2): wang/group_gz | 137 kB 00:00
(2/2): wang/primary_db | 4.0 MB 00:00
源标识 源名称 状态
wang wang 4,986
repolist: 4,986
[root@localhsot yum.repos.d]# yum -y install httpd
[root@localhsot yum.repos.d]# systemctl start httpd
[root@localhsot yum.repos.d]# systemctl stop firewalld
[root@localhsot yum.repos.d]# ss -antl
State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port
LISTEN 0 128 *:22 *:*
LISTEN 0 100 127.0.0.1:25 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 :::80 :::*
LISTEN 0 128 :::22 :::*
LISTEN 0 100 ::1:25 :::*
[root@localhsot yum.repos.d]# mkdir /var/www/html/rhel7.2
[root@localhsot yum.repos.d]# mount /dev/sr0 /var/www/html/rhel7.2/
mount: /dev/sr0 写保护,将以只读方式挂载
[root@localhsot yum.repos.d]# vi /etc/yum.repos.d/wly.repo
[root@localhsot yum.repos.d]# cat /etc/yum.repos.d/wly.repo
[wly]
name=wly
baseurl=file:///var/www/html/rhel7.2
gpgcheck=0
[root@localhsot yum.repos.d]#