作为一个活跃在京津冀地区的开发者,要闲着没事就看看石家庄
这个国际化大都市的一些数据,这篇博客爬取了链家网的租房信息,爬取到的数据在后面的博客中可以作为一些数据分析的素材。
我们需要爬取的网址为:https://sjz.lianjia.com/zufang/
可以看到,黄色框就是我们需要的数据。
接下来,确定一下翻页规律
https://sjz.lianjia.com/zufang/pg1/
https://sjz.lianjia.com/zufang/pg2/
https://sjz.lianjia.com/zufang/pg3/
https://sjz.lianjia.com/zufang/pg4/
https://sjz.lianjia.com/zufang/pg5/
...
https://sjz.lianjia.com/zufang/pg80/
有了分页地址,就可以快速把链接拼接完毕,我们采用lxml
模块解析网页源码,获取想要的数据。
本次编码使用了一个新的模块 fake_useragent
,这个模块,可以随机的去获取一个UA(user-agent),模块使用比较简单,可以去百度百度就很多教程。
本篇博客主要使用的是调用一个随机的UA
self._ua = UserAgent()
self._headers = {"User-Agent": self._ua.random} # 调用一个随机的UA
由于可以快速的把页码拼接出来,所以采用协程进行抓取,写入csv文件采用的pandas
模块
from fake_useragent import UserAgent
from lxml import etree
import asyncio
import aiohttp
import pandas as pd
class LianjiaSpider(object):
def __init__(self):
self._ua = UserAgent()
self._headers = {"User-Agent": self._ua.random}
self._data = list()
async def get(self,url):
async with aiohttp.ClientSession() as session:
try:
async with session.get(url,headers=self._headers,timeout=3) as resp:
if resp.status==200:
result = await resp.text()
return result
except Exception as e:
print(e.args)
async def parse_html(self):
for page in range(1,77):
url = "https://sjz.lianjia.com/zufang/pg{}/".format(page)
print("正在爬取{}".format(url))
html = await self.get(url) # 获取网页内容
html = etree.HTML(html) # 解析网页
self.parse_page(html) # 匹配我们想要的数据
print("正在存储数据....")
######################### 数据写入
data = pd.DataFrame(self._data)
data.to_csv("链家网租房数据.csv", encoding='utf_8_sig') # 写入文件
######################### 数据写入
def run(self):
loop = asyncio.get_event_loop()
tasks = [asyncio.ensure_future(self.parse_html())]
loop.run_until_complete(asyncio.wait(tasks))
if __name__ == '__main__':
l = LianjiaSpider()
l.run()
上述代码中缺少一个解析网页的函数,我们接下来把他补全
def parse_page(self,html):
info_panel = html.xpath("//div[@class='info-panel']")
for info in info_panel:
region = self.remove_space(info.xpath(".//span[@class='region']/text()"))
zone = self.remove_space(info.xpath(".//span[@class='zone']/span/text()"))
meters = self.remove_space(info.xpath(".//span[@class='meters']/text()"))
where = self.remove_space(info.xpath(".//div[@class='where']/span[4]/text()"))
con = info.xpath(".//div[@class='con']/text()")
floor = con[0] # 楼层
type = con[1] # 样式
agent = info.xpath(".//div[@class='con']/a/text()")[0]
has = info.xpath(".//div[@class='left agency']//text()")
price = info.xpath(".//div[@class='price']/span/text()")[0]
price_pre = info.xpath(".//div[@class='price-pre']/text()")[0]
look_num = info.xpath(".//div[@class='square']//span[@class='num']/text()")[0]
one_data = {
"region":region,
"zone":zone,
"meters":meters,
"where":where,
"louceng":floor,
"type":type,
"xiaoshou":agent,
"has":has,
"price":price,
"price_pre":price_pre,
"num":look_num
}
self._data.append(one_data) # 添加数据
不一会,数据就爬取的差不多了。