hive的静态分区和动态分区
文章来自：https://blog.csdn.net/gavin_chun/article/details/78174492
一、静态分区
1、创建分区表
hive (default)> create table order_mulit_partition(
> order_number string,
> event_time string
> )
> PARTITIONED BY(event_month string, step string)
> row format delimited fields terminated by '\t';2、加载数据到分区表
load data local inpath '/opt/data/order_created.txt' overwrite into table order_mulit_partition PARTITION(event_month='201405', step='1');order_created.txt内容如下
order_number event_time
10703007267488 2014-05-01 06:01:12.334+01
10101043505096 2014-05-01 07:28:12.342+01
10103043509747 2014-05-01 07:50:12.33+01
10103043501575 2014-05-01 09:27:12.33+01
10104043514061 2014-05-01 09:03:12.324+0163、这种手动指定分区加载数据，就是常说的静态分区的使用。但是在日常工作中用的比较多的是动态分区。
二、动态分区
需求：按照不同部门作为分区导数据到目标表
以上需求如果用静态分区的话，数据量大你是不是很懵逼？？所以这个需求一般采用动态分区来实现。
1、创建目标表
hive (default)> create table emp_dynamic_partition(
> empno int,
> ename string,
> job string,
> mgr int,
> hiredate string,
> sal double,
> comm double)
> PARTITIONED BY(deptno int)
> row format delimited fields terminated by '\t';102、采用动态方式加载数据到目标表
加载之前先设置一下下面的参数
hive (default)> set hive.exec.dynamic.partition.mode=nonstrict开始加载
insert into table emp_dynamic_partition partition(deptno)
select empno , ename , job , mgr , hiredate , sal , comm, deptno from emp;上面加载数据方式并没有指定具体的分区，只是指出了分区字段。在select最后一个字段必须跟你的分区字段，这样就会自行根据deptno的value来分区。
3、验证一下
有值
hive (default)> select * from emp_dynamic_partition;
OK
emp_dynamic_partition.empno emp_dynamic_partition.ename emp_dynamic_partition.job emp_dynamic_partition.mgr emp_dynamic_partition.hiredate emp_dynamic_partition.sal emp_dynamic_partition.comm emp_dynamic_partition.deptno
7782 CLARK MANAGER 7839 1981-6-9 2450.0 NULL 10
7839 KING PRESIDENT NULL 1981-11-17 5000.0 NULL 10
7934 MILLER CLERK 7782 1982-1-23 1300.0 NULL 10
7369 SMITH CLERK 7902 1980-12-17 800.0 NULL 20
7566 JONES MANAGER 7839 1981-4-2 2975.0 NULL 20
7788 SCOTT ANALYST 7566 1987-4-19 3000.0 NULL 20
7876 ADAMS CLERK 7788 1987-5-23 1100.0 NULL 20
7902 FORD ANALYST 7566 1981-12-3 3000.0 NULL 20
7499 ALLEN SALESMAN 7698 1981-2-20 1600.0 300.0 30
7521 WARD SALESMAN 7698 1981-2-22 1250.0 500.0 30
7654 MARTIN SALESMAN 7698 1981-9-28 1250.0 1400.0 30
7698 BLAKE MANAGER 7839 1981-5-1 2850.0 NULL 30
7844 TURNER SALESMAN 7698 1981-9-8 1500.0 0.0 30
7900 JAMES CLERK 7698 1981-12-3 950.0 NULL 30
8888 HIVE PROGRAM 7839 1988-1-23 10300.0 NULL NULL有分区（自动分区）
hive (default)> show partitions emp_dynamic_partition;
OK
partition
deptno=10
deptno=20
deptno=30
deptno=__HIVE_DEFAULT_PARTITION__
Time taken: 0.29 seconds, Fetched: 4 rowhive (default)> select * from emp;
OK
emp.empno emp.ename emp.job emp.mgr emp.hiredate emp.sal emp.comm emp.deptno
7369 SMITH CLERK 7902 1980-12-17 800.0 NULL 20
7499 ALLEN SALESMAN 7698 1981-2-20 1600.0 300.0 30
7521 WARD SALESMAN 7698 1981-2-22 1250.0 500.0 30
7566 JONES MANAGER 7839 1981-4-2 2975.0 NULL 20
7654 MARTIN SALESMAN 7698 1981-9-28 1250.0 1400.0 30
7698 BLAKE MANAGER 7839 1981-5-1 2850.0 NULL 30
7782 CLARK MANAGER 7839 1981-6-9 2450.0 NULL 10
7788 SCOTT ANALYST 7566 1987-4-19 3000.0 NULL 20
7839 KING PRESIDENT NULL 1981-11-17 5000.0 NULL 10
7844 TURNER SALESMAN 7698 1981-9-8 1500.0 0.0 30
7876 ADAMS CLERK 7788 1987-5-23 1100.0 NULL 20
7900 JAMES CLERK 7698 1981-12-3 950.0 NULL 30
7902 FORD ANALYST 7566 1981-12-3 3000.0 NULL 20
7934 MILLER CLERK 7782 1982-1-23 1300.0 NULL 10
8888 HIVE PROGRAM 7839 1988-1-23 10300.0 NULL NULL