Oracle之DataGurd(DG)环境搭建

DataGurd(DG)这个是什么就无需在这里费周张了,自行百度。公司会经常用的哦。

文章参考:http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2015-03/115166.htm 这哥们的写的不错,放头头。

配置最大性能模式DG:
最大性能模式:
1、默认模式,提供主库的最高可用性能
2、保证主库在运行之中不会受到从库的干扰
优点:避免从库对主库的影响
缺点:不能保证数据不丢失(通过归档的方式,一直查一个arch,如果主库彻底没了,那么redo中的数据会丢失),最低的情况,丢失一个redo组

步骤如下

1.前期规划
2.配置网络监听
3.修改参数文件
4.rman duplicate 复制数据库
5.启动调试数据库
6.测试


1.规划

主库(1.1.1.11):
db_name orcl
db_unique_name orcl_pd
service_name orcl
instance_name orcl
本地归档路径 /home/oracle/orcl_arclog
tnsnames to_sd --配置去备库的tns


备库(1.1.1.10):
db_name orcl  数据库名要一样
db_unique_name orcl_sd 在一个dg环境里面,每一个成员的名字。
servicer_name vicdb 
instance_name vicdb  实例名可以不一样
本地归档路径 /home/oracle/vicdb_arclog
tnsnames to_pd --配置去主库的tns

2.配置网络监听

基础配置,配置两边的oracle net,保证两边能互通(需要使用静态注册),这步不过下面的基本没戏。
位置:/oracle/app/db/network/admin。

主库上的listener配置

cat listener.ora
SID_LIST_LISTENER =
  (SID_LIST =
    (SID_DESC =
      (GLOBAL_DBNAME =orcl)
      (ORACLE_HOME = /oracle/app/db)
      (SID_NAME = orcl)
    )
  )

LISTENER =
  (DESCRIPTION =
    (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 1.1.1.11)(PORT = 1521))
  )

ADR_BASE_LISTENER = /oracle/app

从库上的listener配置
cat listener.ora
SID_LIST_LISTENER =
  (SID_LIST =
    (SID_DESC =
      (GLOBAL_DBNAME = vicdb)
      (ORACLE_HOME = /oracle/app/db)
      (SID_NAME = vicdb)
    )
  )

LISTENER =
  (DESCRIPTION =
    (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 1.1.1.10)(PORT = 1521))
  )

ADR_BASE_LISTENER = /oracle/app

两边使用相同的tnsnames.ora
cat tnsnames.ora
to_sd =
  (DESCRIPTION =
    (ADDRESS_LIST =
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 1.1.1.10)(PORT = 1521))
    )
    (CONNECT_DATA =
      (SERVICE_NAME = vicdb)
    )
  )

to_pd =
  (DESCRIPTION =
    (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 1.1.1.11)(PORT = 1521))
    (CONNECT_DATA =
      (SERVER = DEDICATED)
      (SERVICE_NAME = orcl)
    )
  )


3.修改参数文件

在主库上的配置(必须在归档模式)

创建目录

mkdir /home/oracle/orcl_arclog

配置force logging
alter database force logging;

SQL> select FORCE_LOGGING from v$database;

FORCE_
------
YES

添加参数
样板需要替换

db_unique_name='主库唯一名'
log_archive_config='dg_config=(主库唯一名,从库唯一名)'
log_archive_dest_1='location=本地归档路径 VALID_FOR=(ONLINE_LOGFILES,ALL_ROLES) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=主库唯一名' --就是说不管你是主库还是备库,都把你的online放到“本地归档路径”里面去
log_archive_dest_2='service=去从库的TNS valid_for=(online_logfiles,primary_role) db_unique_name=从库唯一名' --当角色是主库的时候,使用"去从库的tns“发送online_redolog
log_archive_dest_state_1=enable
log_archive_dest_state_2=enable
standby_file_management='auto'

SQL> create pfile from spfile;

vi initorcl.ora
*.audit_file_dest='/oracle/app/admin/vicdb/adump'
*.audit_trail='db'
*.compatible='11.2.0.0.0'
*.control_files='/oracle/app/oradata/vicdb/control01.ctl','/oracle/app/flash_recovery_area/vicdb/control02.ctl'
*.db_block_size=8192
*.db_domain=''
*.db_name='orcl'
*.db_recovery_file_dest='/oracle/app/flash_recovery_area'
*.db_recovery_file_dest_size=4039114752
*.diagnostic_dest='/oracle/app'
*.memory_target=0
*.open_cursors=300
*.pga_aggregate_target=10485760
*.processes=150
*.remote_login_passwordfile='EXCLUSIVE'
*.sga_target=532676608
*.undo_tablespace='UNDOTBS1'
db_unique_name='orcl_pd'  
log_archive_config='dg_config=(orcl_pd,orcl_sd)'
log_archive_dest_1='location=/home/oracle/orcl_arclog VALID_FOR=(ONLINE_LOGFILES,ALL_ROLES) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=orcl_pd'  
log_archive_dest_2='service=to_sd valid_for=(online_logfiles,primary_role) db_unique_name=orcl_sd'
log_archive_dest_state_1=enable
log_archive_dest_state_2=enable
standby_file_management='auto'
重启据库然后使用pfile启动;
也可以如下
SQL> CREATE SPFILE FROM PFILE;
SQL> STARTUP OPEN;

从库上的配置如下:

添加如下参数,需要替换
db_name='需要同主库一样'
db_unique_name='从库唯一名'
log_archive_config='dg_config=(主库唯一名,从库唯一名)'
log_archive_dest_1='location=本地归档路径 valid_for=(all_logfiles,all_roles) db_unique_name=从库唯一名' ## 这里的这个all_logfiles主要是为后面最大可用模式做准备
log_archive_dest_state_1=enable
standby_file_management='auto'
log_file_name_convert='主库中日志文件的路径','从库上日志文件的路径(自己定义)' ## 这个是用在rman复制时需要的,设置了这个就不需要做set new..
db_file_name_convert='主库中数据文件的路径','从库上数据文件的路径(自己定义)'

启动到nomount状态

vi initvicdb.ora

db_name='orcl'
db_unique_name='orcl_sd'
log_archive_config='dg_config=(orcl_pd,orcl_sd)'
log_archive_dest_1='location=/home/oracle/vicdb_arclog valid_for=(all_logfiles,all_roles) db_unique_name=orcl_sd' 
log_archive_dest_state_1=enable
standby_file_management='auto'
log_file_name_convert='/oracle/app/oradata/vicdb','/oradata/vicdb'
db_file_name_convert='/oracle/app/oradata/vicdb','/oradata/vicdb'

SQL> CREATE SPFILE FROM PFILE;
SQL> STARTUP nomount pfile='initvicdb.ora';
注意:由于主库原来的名字是vicdb,修改名字之后未有修改数据文件位置,故还是/oracle/app/oradata/vicdb

创建目录
mkdir /home/oracle/vicdb_arclog
mkdir /oradata/vicdb

创建从库密码文件
cd $ORACLE_HOME/dbs
orapwd file=orapwvicdb password=oracle force=y

4.rman duplicate 复制数据库

使用新创建的参数文件启动主库到open状态,启动从库到nomount状态(注意spfile的影响,可以mv掉对应的spfile)。

rman target sys/oracle@to_pd auxiliary sys/oracle@to_sd nocatalog
RMAN> duplicate target database for standby from active database; 一般默认参数
RMAN> duplicate target database for standby from active database nofilenamecheck; 如果从库的数据库的位置和主库的位置一样的话就要添加
                                                                                   nofilenamecheck文件名不检查

看到这里然后卡在这里就可以在从机那里看传输过来的文件 记得开双通道,多channel。

Starting backup at 30-JUL-15
using channel ORA_DISK_1
using channel ORA_DISK_2
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile copy
input datafile file number=00001 name=/oradata/vicl/system01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_2: starting datafile copy
input datafile file number=00002 name=/oradata/vicl/sysaux01.dbf
.
.
.
.
datafile 1 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy RECID=3 STAMP=886440698 file name=/oradata/vicl/system01.dbf
datafile 2 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy RECID=4 STAMP=886440698 file name=/oradata/vicl/sysaux01.dbf
datafile 3 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy RECID=5 STAMP=886440698 file name=/oradata/vicl/undotbs01.dbf
datafile 4 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy RECID=6 STAMP=886440698 file name=/oradata/vicl/users01.dbf
datafile 5 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy RECID=7 STAMP=886440698 file name=/oradata/vicl/test_tspitr01.dbf
datafile 6 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy RECID=8 STAMP=886440698 file name=/oradata/vicl/vic01
datafile 7 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy RECID=9 STAMP=886440698 file name=/oradata/vicl/vic02
datafile 8 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy RECID=10 STAMP=886440698 file name=/oradata/vicl/test01.dbf
Finished Duplicate Db at 30-JUL-15
完成

问题
常见问题:
(1)如果使用的是非catalog,在rman 连接时,加上nocatalog关键字,否则可能会报TARGET> begin :fhdbi := dbms_rcvcat.getDbid; end;的错误
(2) 在执行duplicate的时候,如果源库和目标库目录相同,那么在duplicate 时,需要加上nofilenamecheck
否则报错
auxiliary file name/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dg/sysaux01.dbf conflicts with a file used by
thetarget database
(3)如果从库的参数文件是从主库cp的,特别要注意controlfiles这个参数指定的路径是否正确
  (4) 主库要在归档模式,否则报错ORA-19602: cannot backup or copy active file in NOARCHIVELOG mode
(5) 如果报如下错误,注意log_file_name_convert,及db_file_name_convert参数是否正确

RMAN-03002: failure of Duplicate Db command at 07/03/2014 21:21:23
RMAN-03015: error occurred in stored script Memory Script
RMAN-03009: failure of backup command on ORA_DISK_1 channel at 07/03/2014 21:21:23
ORA-17628: Oracle error 19505 returned by remote Oracle server
alter database open read only;

6.如果报错
RMAN-03002: failure of Duplicate Db command at 08/13/2014 17:20:29
RMAN-03015: error occurred in stored script Memory Script
RMAN-03009: failure of sql command on clone_default channel at 08/13/2014 17:20:29
RMAN-11003: failure during parse/execution of SQL statement: alter database mount standby database
ORA-01103: database name 'PROD' in control file is not 'PROD_PD'

检查备库中的db_name是否和主库一致

7、如果有多个目录需要做映射可以使用
db_file_name_convert='/oracle/app/oradata/vicdb','/oradata/vicdb','/oradata/xxx','/oradata/vicdb'

8. 如报用户秘密错误,检查两个数据库的sys密码是否一样

5.启动调试数据库

从库现在已经是mount的状态

SQL> alter database open;

查看后台进程

SQL> select process,client_process,sequence#,status from v$managed_standby ;

PROCESS            CLIENT_PROCESS    SEQUENCE# STATUS
------------------ ---------------- ---------- ------------------------
ARCH               ARCH                      0 CONNECTED
ARCH               ARCH                      0 CONNECTED
ARCH               ARCH                      0 CONNECTED
ARCH               ARCH                      0 CONNECTED


启动用于同步的进程mrp

--启动mrp服务
SQL> alter database recover managed standby database disconnect from session;

--如果想停止mrp服务使用
SQL> alter database recover managed standby database cancel;

再次检查后台服务

SQL> select process,client_process,sequence#,status from v$managed_standby;

PROCESS   CLIENT_P  SEQUENCE# STATUS
--------- -------- ---------- ------------
ARCH	  ARCH		    0 CONNECTED
ARCH	  ARCH		    0 CONNECTED
ARCH	  ARCH		    0 CONNECTED
ARCH	  ARCH		    0 CONNECTED
RFS	  LGWR		   27 IDLE
RFS	  UNKNOWN	    0 IDLE
RFS	  N/A		    0 IDLE
MRP0	  N/A		   27 WAIT_FOR_LOG

6.测试

主库上

SQL> create table dg_test as select * from scott.emp;

Table created.

SQL> insert into dg_test select * from dg_test;

14 rows created.

SQL> commit;

Commit complete.

SQL> alter system switch logfile; 主库写盘才会触发MRP进程

System altered.

SQL> 



从库上
SQL>   select sequence#,applied from v$archived_log;

 SEQUENCE# APPLIED
---------- ------------------
         5 YES
         4 YES
         6 YES

SQL> select * from dg_test; 数据同步过来了


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