Hadoop之——hadoop2.2.0集群搭建

转载请注明出处:http://blog.csdn.net/l1028386804/article/details/51353063

1.修改Linux主机名

2.修改IP

3.修改主机名和IP的映射关系

    ######注意######如果你们公司是租用的服务器或是使用的云主机(如华为云主机、阿里云主机等)
    /etc/hosts里面要配置的是内网IP地址和主机名的映射关系    

4.关闭防火墙

5.ssh免登陆

6.安装JDK,配置环境变量等

集群规划:
    主机名        IP                安装的软件                    运行的进程
    liuyazhuang01    192.168.1.201    jdk、hadoop                    NameNode、DFSZKFailoverController
    liuyazhuang02    192.168.1.202    jdk、hadoop                    NameNode、DFSZKFailoverController
    liuyazhuang03    192.168.1.203    jdk、hadoop                    ResourceManager
    liuyazhuang04    192.168.1.204    jdk、hadoop、zookeeper        DataNode、NodeManager、JournalNode、QuorumPeerMain
    liuyazhuang05    192.168.1.205    jdk、hadoop、zookeeper        DataNode、NodeManager、JournalNode、QuorumPeerMain
    liuyazhuang06    192.168.1.206    jdk、hadoop、zookeeper        DataNode、NodeManager、JournalNode、QuorumPeerMain

说明:

    在hadoop2.0中通常由两个NameNode组成,一个处于active状态,另一个处于standby状态。Active NameNode对外提供服务,而Standby NameNode则不对外提供服务,仅同步active namenode的状态,以便能够在它失败时快速进行切换。
    hadoop2.0官方提供了两种HDFS HA的解决方案,一种是NFS,另一种是QJM。这里我们使用简单的QJM。在该方案中,主备NameNode之间通过一组JournalNode同步元数据信息,一条数据只要成功写入多数JournalNode即认为写入成功。通常配置奇数个JournalNode
    这里还配置了一个zookeeper集群,用于ZKFC(DFSZKFailoverController)故障转移,当Active NameNode挂掉了,会自动切换Standby NameNode为standby状态

安装步骤:

1.安装配置zooekeeper集群

1.1解压

tar -zxvf zookeeper-3.4.5.tar.gz -C /liuyazhuang/

1.2修改配置

cd /liuyazhuang/zookeeper-3.4.5/conf/
cp zoo_sample.cfg zoo.cfg
vim zoo.cfg
修改:dataDir=/liuyazhuang/zookeeper-3.4.5/tmp
在最后添加:
server.1=liuyazhuang04:2888:3888
server.2=liuyazhuang05:2888:3888
server.3=liuyazhuang06:2888:3888
保存退出
然后创建一个tmp文件夹
mkdir /liuyazhuang/zookeeper-3.4.5/tmp
再创建一个空文件
touch /liuyazhuang/zookeeper-3.4.5/tmp/myid
最后向该文件写入ID
echo 1 > /liuyazhuang/zookeeper-3.4.5/tmp/myid

1.3拷贝配置好的zookeeper

将配置好的zookeeper拷贝到其他节点(首先分别在liuyazhuang05、liuyazhuang06根目录下创建一个liuyazhuang目录:mkdir /liuyazhuang)

scp -r /liuyazhuang/zookeeper-3.4.5/ liuyazhuang05:/liuyazhuang/
scp -r /liuyazhuang/zookeeper-3.4.5/ liuyazhuang06:/liuyazhuang/

注意:修改liuyazhuang05、liuyazhuang06对应/liuyazhuang/zookeeper-3.4.5/tmp/myid内容
liuyazhuang05:
	echo 2 > /liuyazhuang/zookeeper-3.4.5/tmp/myid
liuyazhuang06:
	echo 3 > /liuyazhuang/zookeeper-3.4.5/tmp/myid

2.安装配置hadoop集群

2.1解压

tar -zxvf hadoop-2.2.0.tar.gz -C /liuyazhuang/

2.2配置HDFS(hadoop2.0所有的配置文件都在$HADOOP_HOME/etc/hadoop目录下)

#将hadoop添加到环境变量中
vim /etc/profile
export JAVA_HOME=/usr/java/jdk1.7.0_55
export HADOOP_HOME=/liuyazhuang/hadoop-2.2.0
export PATH=$PATH:$JAVA_HOME/bin:$HADOOP_HOME/bin

#hadoop2.0的配置文件全部在$HADOOP_HOME/etc/hadoop下
cd /liuyazhuang/hadoop-2.2.0/etc/hadoop

2.2.1修改hadoo-env.sh

export JAVA_HOME=/usr/java/jdk1.7.0_55

2.2.2修改core-site.xml


	
	
		fs.defaultFS
		hdfs://ns1
	
	
	
		hadoop.tmp.dir
		/liuyazhuang/hadoop-2.2.0/tmp
	
	
	
		ha.zookeeper.quorum
		liuyazhuang04:2181,liuyazhuang05:2181,liuyazhuang06:2181
	

2.2.3修改hdfs-site.xml


	
	
		dfs.nameservices
		ns1
	
	
	
		dfs.ha.namenodes.ns1
		nn1,nn2
	
	
	
		dfs.namenode.rpc-address.ns1.nn1
		liuyazhuang01:9000
	
	
	
		dfs.namenode.http-address.ns1.nn1
		liuyazhuang01:50070
	
	
	
		dfs.namenode.rpc-address.ns1.nn2
		liuyazhuang02:9000
	
	
	
		dfs.namenode.http-address.ns1.nn2
		liuyazhuang02:50070
	
	
	
		dfs.namenode.shared.edits.dir
		qjournal://liuyazhuang04:8485;liuyazhuang05:8485;liuyazhuang06:8485/ns1
	
	
	
		dfs.journalnode.edits.dir
		/liuyazhuang/hadoop-2.2.0/journal
	
	
	
		dfs.ha.automatic-failover.enabled
		true
	
	
	
		dfs.client.failover.proxy.provider.ns1
		org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.namenode.ha.ConfiguredFailoverProxyProvider
	
	
	
		dfs.ha.fencing.methods
		
			sshfence
			shell(/bin/true)
		
	
	
	
		dfs.ha.fencing.ssh.private-key-files
		/root/.ssh/id_rsa
	
	
	
		dfs.ha.fencing.ssh.connect-timeout
		30000
	

2.2.4修改mapred-site.xml


	
	
		mapreduce.framework.name
		yarn
	
	

2.2.5修改yarn-site.xml


	
	
		yarn.resourcemanager.hostname
		liuyazhuang03
	
	
	
		yarn.nodemanager.aux-services
		mapreduce_shuffle
	

2.2.6修改slaves

修改slaves(slaves是指定子节点的位置,因为要在liuyazhuang01上启动HDFS、在liuyazhuang03启动yarn,所以liuyazhuang01上的slaves文件指定的是datanode的位置,liuyazhuang03上的slaves文件指定的是nodemanager的位置)

liuyazhuang04
liuyazhuang05
liuyazhuang06

2.2.7配置免密码登陆

#首先要配置liuyazhuang01到liuyazhuang02、liuyazhuang03、liuyazhuang04、liuyazhuang05、liuyazhuang06的免密码登陆
#在liuyazhuang01上生产一对钥匙
ssh-keygen -t rsa
#将公钥拷贝到其他节点,包括自己
ssh-coyp-id liuyazhuang01
ssh-coyp-id liuyazhuang02
ssh-coyp-id liuyazhuang03
ssh-coyp-id liuyazhuang04
ssh-coyp-id liuyazhuang05
ssh-coyp-id liuyazhuang06

#配置liuyazhuang03到liuyazhuang04、liuyazhuang05、liuyazhuang06的免密码登陆
#在liuyazhuang03上生产一对钥匙
ssh-keygen -t rsa
#将公钥拷贝到其他节点
ssh-coyp-id liuyazhuang04
ssh-coyp-id liuyazhuang05
ssh-coyp-id liuyazhuang06

#注意:两个namenode之间要配置ssh免密码登陆,别忘了配置liuyazhuang02到liuyazhuang01的免登陆
在liuyazhuang02上生产一对钥匙
ssh-keygen -t rsa
ssh-coyp-id -i liuyazhuang01

2.4将配置好的hadoop拷贝到其他节点

scp -r /liuyazhuang/ liuyazhuang02:/
scp -r /liuyazhuang/ liuyazhuang03:/
scp -r /liuyazhuang/hadoop-2.2.0/ root@liuyazhuang04:/liuyazhuang/
scp -r /liuyazhuang/hadoop-2.2.0/ root@liuyazhuang05:/liuyazhuang/
scp -r /liuyazhuang/hadoop-2.2.0/ root@liuyazhuang06:/liuyazhuang/
###注意:严格按照下面的步骤

2.5启动zookeeper集群

(分别在liuyazhuang04、liuyazhuang05、liuyazhuang06上启动zk)

cd /liuyazhuang/zookeeper-3.4.5/bin/
./zkServer.sh start
#查看状态:一个leader,两个follower
./zkServer.sh status

2.6启动journalnode

(在liuyazhuang01上启动所有journalnode,注意:是调用的hadoop-daemons.sh这个脚本,注意是复数s的那个脚本)

cd /liuyazhuang/hadoop-2.2.0
sbin/hadoop-daemons.sh start journalnode
#运行jps命令检验,liuyazhuang04、liuyazhuang05、liuyazhuang06上多了JournalNode进程

2.7格式化HDFS

#在liuyazhuang01上执行命令:
hdfs namenode -format
#格式化后会在根据core-site.xml中的hadoop.tmp.dir配置生成个文件,这里我配置的是/liuyazhuang/hadoop-2.2.0/tmp,然后将/liuyazhuang/hadoop-2.2.0/tmp拷贝到liuyazhuang02的/liuyazhuang/hadoop-2.2.0/下。
scp -r tmp/ liuyazhuang02:/liuyazhuang/hadoop-2.2.0/

2.8格式化ZK(在liuyazhuang01上执行即可)

hdfs zkfc -formatZK

2.9启动HDFS(在liuyazhuang01上执行)

sbin/start-dfs.sh

2.10启动YARN

(#####注意#####:是在liuyazhuang03上执行start-yarn.sh,把namenode和resourcemanager分开是因为性能问题,因为他们都要占用大量资源,所以把他们分开了,他们分开了就要分别在不同的机器上启动)

sbin/start-yarn.sh

到此,hadoop2.2.0配置完毕,可以统计浏览器访问:

http://192.168.1.201:50070
NameNode 'liuyazhuang01:9000' (active)
http://192.168.1.202:50070
NameNode 'liuyazhuang02:9000' (standby)

验证HDFS HA

首先向hdfs上传一个文件
hadoop fs -put /etc/profile /profile
hadoop fs -ls /
然后再kill掉active的NameNode
kill -9 
通过浏览器访问:http://192.168.1.202:50070
NameNode 'liuyazhuang02:9000' (active)
这个时候liuyazhuang02上的NameNode变成了active
在执行命令:
hadoop fs -ls /
-rw-r--r--   3 root supergroup       1926 2014-02-06 15:36 /profile
刚才上传的文件依然存在!!!
手动启动那个挂掉的NameNode
sbin/hadoop-daemon.sh start namenode
通过浏览器访问:http://192.168.1.201:50070
NameNode 'liuyazhuang01:9000' (standby)

验证YARN:

运行一下hadoop提供的demo中的WordCount程序:

hadoop jar share/hadoop/mapreduce/hadoop-mapreduce-examples-2.2.0.jar wordcount /profile /out
OK,大功告成!!!

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