Mysql 5.0 以后,支持了动态sql语句,我们可以通过传递不同的参数得到我们想要的值
这里介绍两种在存储过程中的动态sql:
set sql = (预处理的sql语句,可以是用concat拼接的语句)
set @sql = sql
PREPARE stmt_name FROM @sql;
EXECUTE stmt_name;
{DEALLOCATE | DROP} PREPARE stmt_name;
CREATE DEFINER = `root`@`%` PROCEDURE `NewProc`(IN `USER_ID` varchar(36),IN `USER_NAME` varchar(36))
BEGIN
declare SQL_FOR_SELECT varchar(500); -- 定义预处理sql语句
set SQL_FOR_SELECT = CONCAT("select * from user where user_id = '",USER_ID,"' and user_name = '",USER_NAME,"'"); -- 拼接查询sql语句
set @sql = SQL_FOR_SELECT;
PREPARE stmt FROM @sql; -- 预处理动态sql语句
EXECUTE stmt ; -- 执行sql语句
deallocate prepare stmt; -- 释放prepare
END;
上述是一个简单的查询用户表的存储过程,当我们调用此存储过程,可以根据传入不同的参数获得不同的值
但是:上述存储过程中,我们必须在拼接sql语句之前把USER_ID,USER_NAME定义好,而且在拼接sql语句之后,我们无法改变USER_ID,USER_NAME的值,如下
1 CREATE DEFINER = `root`@`%` PROCEDURE `NewProc`(IN `USER_ID` varchar(36),IN `USER_NAME` varchar(36))
2 BEGIN
3
4 declare SQL_FOR_SELECT varchar(500); -- 定义预处理sql语句
5
6 set SQL_FOR_SELECT = CONCAT("select * from user where user_id = '",USER_ID,"' and user_name = '",USER_NAME,"'"); -- 拼接查询sql语句
7
8 set @sql = SQL_FOR_SELECT;
9 PREPARE stmt FROM @sql; -- 预处理动态sql语句
10 EXECUTE stmt ; -- 执行sql语句
11 deallocate prepare stmt; -- 释放prepare
12
13
14 set USER_ID = '2';
15 set USER_NAME = 'lisi';
16
17 set @sql = SQL_FOR_SELECT;
18 PREPARE stmt FROM @sql; -- 预处理动态sql语句
19 EXECUTE stmt ; -- 执行sql语句
20 deallocate prepare stmt; -- 释放prepare
21 END;
我们用call aa('1','zhangsan');来调用该存储过程,第一次动态执行,我们得到了‘张三’的信息,然后我们在第14,15行将USER_ID,USER_NAME改为lisi,我们希望得到李四的相关信息,可查出来的结果依旧是张三的信息,说明我们在拼接sql语句后,不能再改变参数了。为了解决这种问题,下面介绍第二中方式
2.
set sql = (预处理的sql语句,可以是用concat拼接的语句,参数用 ?代替)
set @sql = sql
PREPARE stmt_name FROM @sql;
set @var_name = xxx;
EXECUTE stmt_name USING [USING @var_name [, @var_name] ...];
{DEALLOCATE | DROP} PREPARE stmt_name;
上述的代码我们就可以改成
1 CREATE DEFINER = `root`@`%` PROCEDURE `NewProc`(IN `USER_ID` varchar(36),IN `USER_NAME` varchar(36))
2 BEGIN
3
4 declare SQL_FOR_SELECT varchar(500); -- 定义预处理sql语句
5
6 set SQL_FOR_SELECT = "select * from user where user_id = ? and user_name = ? "; -- 拼接查询sql语句
7
8 set @sql = SQL_FOR_SELECT;
9 PREPARE stmt FROM @sql; -- 预处理动态sql语句
10
11 set @parm1 = USER_ID; -- 传递sql动态参数
12 set @parm2 = USER_NAME;
13
14 EXECUTE stmt USING @parm1 , @parm2; -- 执行sql语句
15 deallocate prepare stmt; -- 释放prepare
16
17
18 set @sql = SQL_FOR_SELECT;
19 PREPARE stmt FROM @sql; -- 预处理动态sql语句
20
21 set @parm1 = '2'; -- 传递sql动态参数
22 set @parm2 = 'lisi';
23
24 EXECUTE stmt USING @parm1 , @parm2; -- 执行sql语句
25 deallocate prepare stmt; -- 释放prepare
26 END;
题外案例:
DROP PROCEDURE IF EXISTS `procedureMonth`;
CREATE DEFINER = `root`@`%` PROCEDURE `procedureMonth`(IN a varchar(2000))
BEGIN
DECLARE result int DEFAULT 0;
DECLARE tableName VARCHAR(2000);
declare done int DEFAULT 0;
DECLARE cur_tmp CURSOR FOR select name from business where is_publish=1;
DECLARE CONTINUE HANDLER FOR NOT FOUND SET done=1;
OPEN cur_tmp;
cursor_loop:loop
FETCH NEXT FROM cur_tmp INTO tableName;
if done=1 then
leave cursor_loop;
end if;
set @ax=a;
set @sqlstr=concat("(select count(*) into @m from ", tableName," where DATE_FORMAT(create_date,'%Y%m')=DATE_FORMAT(CURDATE(),'%Y%m')","and status!='",@ax,"')");
prepare stmt from @sqlstr;
EXECUTE stmt;
deallocate prepare stmt;
set result=result+@m;
end loop cursor_loop;
CLOSE cur_tmp;
select "月单",result;
END;
这样,我们就可以真正的使用不同的参数(当然也可以在存储过程中通过逻辑生成不同的参数)来使用动态sql了。
几个注意: