读取NTFS的USN（获取文件的历史操作记录，即使这个文件已被删除）
上回说到NTFS USN会记录下文件的所有操作，但默认情况下并没有激活这一功能，所以不用担心。在非激活状态，它也只剩下快速查找文件的功能。
这回，假设USN JOURNAL被激活了（你可以用控制台命令fsutil usn，或上回说到的FSCTL_CREATE_USN_JOURNAL来开启这一功能），怎么回窥过去的操作？
为此，写了段代码来进行试验，程序是检索 123.txt 操作历史（记录空间不是无穷大，过旧的信息会被覆盖掉），输出如下
2011-06-24 12:53:53 FILE_CREATE|
\share\x\新建 文本文档.txt
2011-06-24 12:53:53 FILE_CREATE|CLOSE|
\share\x\新建 文本文档.txt
2011-06-24 12:53:59 RENAME_OLD_NAME|
\share\x\新建 文本文档.txt
2011-06-24 12:53:59 RENAME_NEW_NAME|
\share\x\123.txt
2011-06-24 12:53:59 RENAME_NEW_NAME|CLOSE|
\share\x\123.txt
2011-06-24 12:55:41 FILE_DELETE|CLOSE|
\RECYCLER\S-1-5-21-945297121-3308661772-4115227181-3452\Dd3\123.txt
从输出可以看出，先在\share\x目录下创建了"新建 文本文档.txt"，后又更名为"123.txt"，最后连其父目录一起删进了回收站。
试验代码如下（代码中有好多冗余调用，因为这只是试验代码而已）：
#define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS
#include
#include
#include
using namespace std;
struct MY_USN_RECORD
{
DWORDLONG FileReferenceNumber;
DWORDLONG ParentFileReferenceNumber;
LARGE_INTEGER TimeStamp;
DWORD Reason;
WCHAR FileName[MAX_PATH];
};
HANDLE hVol = INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE;
bool EnumUsnRecord( const char* drvname, std::deque
{
bool ret = false;
char FileSystemName[MAX_PATH+1];
DWORD MaximumComponentLength;
if( GetVolumeInformationA( (std::string(drvname)+":\\").c_str(),0,0,0,&MaximumComponentLength,0,FileSystemName,MAX_PATH+1)
&& 0==strcmp(FileSystemName,"NTFS") ) // 判断是否为 NTFS 格式
{
hVol = CreateFileA( (std::string("\\\\.\\")+drvname+":").c_str() // 需要管理员权限，无奈
, GENERIC_READ|GENERIC_WRITE, FILE_SHARE_READ|FILE_SHARE_WRITE, NULL, OPEN_EXISTING, 0, NULL);
if( hVol != INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE )
{
DWORD br;
USN_JOURNAL_DATA qujd;
if( DeviceIoControl( hVol, FSCTL_QUERY_USN_JOURNAL, NULL, 0, &qujd, sizeof(qujd), &br, NULL ) )
{
char buffer[0x1000];
DWORD BytesReturned;
{
READ_USN_JOURNAL_DATA rujd = { 0, -1, 0, 0, 0, qujd.UsnJournalID };
for( ; DeviceIoControl(hVol,FSCTL_READ_USN_JOURNAL,&rujd,sizeof(rujd),buffer,_countof(buffer),&BytesReturned,NULL); rujd.StartUsn=*(USN*)&buffer )
{
DWORD dwRetBytes = BytesReturned - sizeof(USN);
PUSN_RECORD UsnRecord = (PUSN_RECORD)((PCHAR)buffer+sizeof(USN));
if( dwRetBytes==0 )
{
ret = true;
break;
}
while( dwRetBytes > 0 )
{
MY_USN_RECORD myur = { UsnRecord->FileReferenceNumber, UsnRecord->ParentFileReferenceNumber, UsnRecord->TimeStamp, UsnRecord->Reason };
memcpy( myur.FileName, UsnRecord->FileName, UsnRecord->FileNameLength );
myur.FileName[UsnRecord->FileNameLength/2] = L'\0';
con.push_back( myur );
dwRetBytes -= UsnRecord->RecordLength;
UsnRecord = (PUSN_RECORD)( (PCHAR)UsnRecord + UsnRecord->RecordLength );
}
}
}
}
//CloseHandle( hVol );
}
}
return ret;
}
#include
int main()
{
// 获得所有变化记录
std::deque
EnumUsnRecord( "D", con );
// 搜寻文件名为"test.txt"的文件号（可能有多个）
std::set
for( std::deque
{
const MY_USN_RECORD& mur = *itor;
if( _wcsicmp(mur.FileName,L"123.txt") == 0 )
{
con2.insert( mur.FileReferenceNumber );
}
}
// 遍历其历史操作
setlocale( LC_CTYPE, "chs" );
for( std::set
{
for( std::deque
{
const MY_USN_RECORD& mur = *itor;
if( *itor2 == mur.FileReferenceNumber )
{
FILETIME timestamp;
FileTimeToLocalFileTime( &(FILETIME&)mur.TimeStamp, ×tamp );
SYSTEMTIME st;
FileTimeToSystemTime( ×tamp, &st );
printf( "%04d-%02d-%02d %02d:%02d:%02d " , st.wYear, st.wMonth, st.wDay, st.wHour, st.wMinute, st.wSecond );
if( mur.Reason&USN_REASON_DATA_OVERWRITE )
printf( "%s|", "DATA_OVERWRITE" );
if( mur.Reason&USN_REASON_DATA_EXTEND )
printf( "%s|", "DATA_EXTEND" );
if( mur.Reason&USN_REASON_DATA_TRUNCATION )
printf( "%s|", "DATA_TRUNCATION" );
if( mur.Reason&USN_REASON_NAMED_DATA_OVERWRITE )
printf( "%s|", "NAMED_DATA_OVERWRITE" );
if( mur.Reason&USN_REASON_NAMED_DATA_EXTEND )
printf( "%s|", "NAMED_DATA_EXTEND" );
if( mur.Reason&USN_REASON_NAMED_DATA_TRUNCATION )
printf( "%s|", "NAMED_DATA_TRUNCATION" );
if( mur.Reason&USN_REASON_FILE_CREATE )
printf( "%s|", "FILE_CREATE" );
if( mur.Reason&USN_REASON_FILE_DELETE )
printf( "%s|", "FILE_DELETE" );
if( mur.Reason&USN_REASON_EA_CHANGE )
printf( "%s|", "EA_CHANGE" );
if( mur.Reason&USN_REASON_SECURITY_CHANGE )
printf( "%s|", "SECURITY_CHANGE" );
if( mur.Reason&USN_REASON_RENAME_OLD_NAME )
printf( "%s|", "RENAME_OLD_NAME" );
if( mur.Reason&USN_REASON_RENAME_NEW_NAME )
printf( "%s|", "RENAME_NEW_NAME" );
if( mur.Reason&USN_REASON_INDEXABLE_CHANGE )
printf( "%s|", "INDEXABLE_CHANGE" );
if( mur.Reason&USN_REASON_BASIC_INFO_CHANGE )
printf( "%s|", "BASIC_INFO_CHANGE" );
if( mur.Reason&USN_REASON_HARD_LINK_CHANGE )
printf( "%s|", "HARD_LINK_CHANGE" );
if( mur.Reason&USN_REASON_COMPRESSION_CHANGE )
printf( "%s|", "COMPRESSION_CHANGE" );
if( mur.Reason&USN_REASON_ENCRYPTION_CHANGE )
printf( "%s|", "ENCRYPTION_CHANGE" );
if( mur.Reason&USN_REASON_OBJECT_ID_CHANGE )
printf( "%s|", "OBJECT_ID_CHANGE" );
if( mur.Reason&USN_REASON_REPARSE_POINT_CHANGE )
printf( "%s|REPARSE_POINT_CHANGE", "" );
if( mur.Reason&USN_REASON_STREAM_CHANGE )
printf( "%s|", "STREAM_CHANGE" );
if( mur.Reason&USN_REASON_TRANSACTED_CHANGE )
printf( "%s|", "TRANSACTED_CHANGE" );
if( mur.Reason&USN_REASON_CLOSE )
printf( "%s|", "CLOSE" );
printf( "\n " );
bool PrintFullPath( const MY_USN_RECORD& mur, const std::deque
PrintFullPath(mur,con);
printf( "\n" );
}
}
printf( "\n" );
}
if( hVol != INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE )
CloseHandle( hVol );
return 0;
}
bool PrintFullPath( const MY_USN_RECORD& mur, const std::deque
{
if( (mur.FileReferenceNumber&0x0000FFFFFFFFFFFF) == 5 )
return true;
std::deque
for( std::deque
{
if( itor->FileReferenceNumber == mur.ParentFileReferenceNumber )
recent = itor;
}
if( recent != con.end() ) // 它的父目录可能也已被删除，所以要先在记录集中找找
{
bool r= PrintFullPath(*recent,con);
printf( "\\%S", mur.FileName );
return r;
}
bool GetFullPathByFileReferenceNumber( HANDLE hVol, DWORDLONG FileReferenceNumber );
bool r = GetFullPathByFileReferenceNumber(hVol,mur.ParentFileReferenceNumber); // 如果记录中没有，再去看看这个文件实际存在否
if( r )
printf( "\\%S", mur.FileName );
else
printf( "???\\%S", mur.FileName );
return r;
}
bool GetFullPathByFileReferenceNumber( HANDLE hVol, DWORDLONG FileReferenceNumber ) // 根据文件号获得全路径，上篇文章已经说过，共有3中方法，这是其中之一，代码简单但效率不高
{
typedef ULONG (__stdcall *PNtCreateFile)(
PHANDLE FileHandle,
ULONG DesiredAccess,
PVOID ObjectAttributes,
PVOID IoStatusBlock,
PLARGE_INTEGER AllocationSize,
ULONG FileAttributes,
ULONG ShareAccess,
ULONG CreateDisposition,
ULONG CreateOptions,
PVOID EaBuffer,
ULONG EaLength );
PNtCreateFile NtCreatefile = (PNtCreateFile)GetProcAddress( GetModuleHandle(L"ntdll.dll"), "NtCreateFile" );
typedef struct _UNICODE_STRING {
USHORT Length, MaximumLength;
PWCH Buffer;
} UNICODE_STRING, *PUNICODE_STRING;
UNICODE_STRING fidstr = { 8, 8, (PWSTR)&FileReferenceNumber };
typedef struct _OBJECT_ATTRIBUTES {
ULONG Length;
HANDLE RootDirectory;
PUNICODE_STRING ObjectName;
ULONG Attributes;
PVOID SecurityDescriptor;
PVOID SecurityQualityOfService;
} OBJECT_ATTRIBUTES;
const ULONG OBJ_CASE_INSENSITIVE = 0x00000040UL;
OBJECT_ATTRIBUTES oa = { sizeof(OBJECT_ATTRIBUTES), hVol, &fidstr, OBJ_CASE_INSENSITIVE, 0, 0 };
HANDLE hFile;
ULONG iosb[2];
const ULONG FILE_OPEN_BY_FILE_ID = 0x00002000UL;
const ULONG FILE_OPEN = 0x00000001UL;
ULONG status = NtCreatefile( &hFile, GENERIC_ALL, &oa, iosb, NULL, FILE_ATTRIBUTE_NORMAL, FILE_SHARE_READ|FILE_SHARE_WRITE, FILE_OPEN, FILE_OPEN_BY_FILE_ID, NULL, 0 );
if( status == 0 )
{
typedef struct _IO_STATUS_BLOCK {
union {
NTSTATUS Status;
PVOID Pointer;
};
ULONG_PTR Information;
} IO_STATUS_BLOCK, *PIO_STATUS_BLOCK;
typedef enum _FILE_INFORMATION_CLASS {
// ……
FileNameInformation = 9
// ……
} FILE_INFORMATION_CLASS, *PFILE_INFORMATION_CLASS;
typedef NTSTATUS (__stdcall *PNtQueryInformationFile)(
HANDLE FileHandle,
PIO_STATUS_BLOCK IoStatusBlock,
PVOID FileInformation,
DWORD Length,
FILE_INFORMATION_CLASS FileInformationClass );
PNtQueryInformationFile NtQueryInformationFile = (PNtQueryInformationFile)GetProcAddress( GetModuleHandle(L"ntdll.dll"), "NtQueryInformationFile" );
typedef struct _OBJECT_NAME_INFORMATION {
UNICODE_STRING Name;
} OBJECT_NAME_INFORMATION, *POBJECT_NAME_INFORMATION;
IO_STATUS_BLOCK IoStatus;
size_t allocSize = sizeof(OBJECT_NAME_INFORMATION) + MAX_PATH*sizeof(WCHAR);
POBJECT_NAME_INFORMATION pfni = (POBJECT_NAME_INFORMATION)operator new(allocSize);
status = NtQueryInformationFile(hFile, &IoStatus, pfni, allocSize, FileNameInformation);
if( status == 0 )
{
printf( "%.*S", pfni->Name.Length/2, &pfni->Name.Buffer );
}
operator delete(pfni);
CloseHandle(hFile);
}
}