环境搭建-Spring+SpringMVC

Spring+SpringMVC+Hibernate项目环境搭建

• 工具篇：Intellij Idea+maven+Spring+SpringMVC

• Spring+SpringMVC环境搭建

一、SpringMVC环境搭建

• 1、创建新项目
  (1)、第一步是创建一个由Maven原型的项目，根据图片上的步骤一次选择Maven—–>create from archetype—->maven-archtype-webapp
  
  (2)、第二步是填写GroupId 和ArtifactId
  
  (3)、在位置1处选择我们maven安装的目录，在位置2处选择settings.xml的路径(我只是设置了一次之后就是默认的了)
  
  (4)、设置项目名和项目的位置
  
  到这里项目就创建成功了
• 2、添加Maven中项目所需要的Jar包
  在pom.xml中添加项目SpringMVC所依赖的Jar包

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
  xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
  <modelVersion>4.0.0modelVersion>

  <groupId>com.zbtgroupId>
  <artifactId>enviromentartifactId>
  <version>1.0-SNAPSHOTversion>
  <packaging>warpackaging>

  <name>enviroment Maven Webappname>
  
  <url>http://www.example.comurl>

  <properties>
    <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8project.build.sourceEncoding>
    <maven.compiler.source>1.7maven.compiler.source>
    <maven.compiler.target>1.7maven.compiler.target>
  properties>

  <dependencies>
    
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframeworkgroupId>
      <artifactId>spring-aopartifactId>
      <version>5.0.6.RELEASEversion>
    dependency>

    
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframeworkgroupId>
      <artifactId>spring-aspectsartifactId>
      <version>5.0.6.RELEASEversion>
    dependency>
    
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframeworkgroupId>
      <artifactId>spring-beansartifactId>
      <version>5.0.6.RELEASEversion>
    dependency>
    
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframeworkgroupId>
      <artifactId>spring-contextartifactId>
      <version>5.0.6.RELEASEversion>
    dependency>
    
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframeworkgroupId>
      <artifactId>spring-coreartifactId>
      <version>5.0.6.RELEASEversion>
    dependency>
    
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframeworkgroupId>
      <artifactId>spring-expressionartifactId>
      <version>5.0.6.RELEASEversion>
    dependency>
    
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframeworkgroupId>
      <artifactId>spring-jdbcartifactId>
      <version>5.0.6.RELEASEversion>
    dependency>
    
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframeworkgroupId>
      <artifactId>spring-ormartifactId>
      <version>5.0.6.RELEASEversion>
    dependency>
    
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframeworkgroupId>
      <artifactId>spring-txartifactId>
      <version>5.0.6.RELEASEversion>
    dependency>
    
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframeworkgroupId>
      <artifactId>spring-webartifactId>
      <version>5.0.6.RELEASEversion>
    dependency>
    
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframeworkgroupId>
      <artifactId>spring-webmvcartifactId>
      <version>5.0.6.RELEASEversion>
    dependency>
    
    <dependency>
      <groupId>javax.servletgroupId>
      <artifactId>javax.servlet-apiartifactId>
      <version>3.1.0version>
      <scope>providedscope>
    dependency>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>javax.servletgroupId>
      <artifactId>jstlartifactId>
      <version>1.2version>
    dependency>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>taglibsgroupId>
      <artifactId>standardartifactId>
      <version>1.1.2version>
    dependency>
  dependencies>

  <build>
    <finalName>enviromentfinalName>
  build>
project>

• 3、配置web.xml文件

<web-app version="2.4"
         xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee
        http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee/web-app_2_4.xsd">
  
  <welcome-file-list>
    <welcome-file>index.jspwelcome-file>
  welcome-file-list>
  <servlet>
    <servlet-name>springMVCservlet-name>
    <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServletservlet-class>
    <init-param>
      <param-name>contextConfigLocationparam-name>
      <param-value>classpath:/spring-mvc.xmlparam-value>
    init-param>
    
    <load-on-startup>1load-on-startup>
  servlet>
  <servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-name>springMVCservlet-name>
    <url-pattern>*.dourl-pattern>
  servlet-mapping>
web-app>

• 5、配置spring-mvc.xml文件
  在resources文件夹下新建一个spring-mvc.xml。spring-mvc.xml文件的功能是什么？

<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
                           http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.0.xsd
                           http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
                           http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd
                           http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
                           http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-3.0.xsd">
    
    <context:annotation-config/>

    
    <context:component-scan base-package="zbt.com.controller"/>

    
    <mvc:annotation-driven/>

    <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
        <property name="viewClass" value="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.JstlView"/>
        <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/jsp/">property>
        <property name="suffix" value=".jsp">property>
    bean>

beans>

• 6、编写Controller类

package controller;

import org.apache.commons.logging.Log;
import org.apache.commons.logging.LogFactory;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;

@Controller
@RequestMapping("/student")
public class StudentController {
    private static final Log logger = LogFactory.getLog(StudentController.class);
    @RequestMapping("/hello")
    public String sayHi(){
        logger.info("sayHi are called!");
        return "hello";
    }
}

• 在WEB-INF/jsp文件夹下创建测试的hello.jsp

<html>
<body>
    <h2>Hello World!h2>
body>
html>

• 启动服务器，在浏览器中输入
  http://localhost:8088/student/hello.do
  显示结果为
  

• 注意事项
  (1)、url-pattern最好配置成下面的形式

<servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-name>springMVC</servlet-name>
    <url-pattern>*.do</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>

而不是下面这种形式

<servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-name>springMVCservlet-name>
    <url-pattern>/*url-pattern>
servlet-mapping>

配置成第二种模式会出现下面的情况

27-Jun-2018 15:04:02.761 警告 [http-nio-8088-exec-8] org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet.noHandlerFound No mapping found for HTTP request with URI [/WEB-INF/jsp/hello.jsp] in DispatcherServlet with name 'springMVC'

网页会出现如下情况

(2)、我们的spring-mvc.xml是放在resources文件夹下面的，以后就按照这种方式编写(注意这是在Intellij idea中，在Eclipse中我不知道会不是是一样的)

param>
      <param-name>contextConfigLocationparam-name>
      <param-value>classpath:/spring-mvc.xmlparam-value>
    param>

二、Spring+SpringMVC环境搭建

• 编写StudentService

package com.zbt.service;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

/**
 * Created by luckyboy on 2018/7/2.
 */
@Service
public class StudentService {
    public String test(){
        return "hello";
    }
}

• 创建applicationConfig配置文件

<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-4.3.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.3.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-4.3.xsd ">
    <context:component-scan base-package="com.zbt">
        <context:exclude-filter type="annotation" expression="org.springframework.stereotype.Controller"/>
    context:component-scan>
beans>

注意Spring这里的包扫描方式为，Spring扫描包的时候会排出@Controller注解，也就是不会扫描com.zbt.controller包

<context:component-scan base-package="com.zbt">
    <context:exclude-filter type="annotation" expression="org.springframework.stereotype.Controller"/>
context:component-scan>

• 修改spring-mvc.xml中的包扫描方式

<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
                           http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.0.xsd
                           http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
                           http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd
                           http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
                           http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-3.0.xsd">
    
    <context:annotation-config/>

    
    <context:component-scan base-package="com.zbt"/>

    
    <mvc:annotation-driven/>

    <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
        <property name="viewClass" value="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.JstlView"/>
        <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/jsp/">property>
        <property name="suffix" value=".jsp">property>
    bean>

beans>

• 将StudentService注入到StudentController中

package com.zbt.controller;

import com.zbt.service.StudentService;
import org.apache.commons.logging.Log;
import org.apache.commons.logging.LogFactory;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;

/**
 * Created by luckyboy on 2018/6/27.
 */
@Controller
@RequestMapping("/student")

    private static final Log logger = LogFactory.getLog(StudentController.class);

    //使用Autowired将StudentService注入到StudentController中
    @Autowired
    private StudentService stuService;


    @RequestMapping("/hello.do")
    public String sayHi(){
        logger.info("sayHi are called!");
        return "hello";
    }

    @RequestMapping("/spring_hello.do")
    public String springSayHi(){
        logger.info("sayHi are called by springSayHi");
        return stuService.test();
    }

}

• 在StudentService类上面添加@Service注解

package com.zbt.service;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

/**
 * Created by luckyboy on 2018/7/2.
 */
@Service
public class StudentService {
    public String test(){
        return "hello";
    }
}

• 测试
  启动服务器，在浏览器地址栏输入http://localhost:8088/student/spring_hello.do，响应如下
  

• 注意事项
  我们在spring-mvc.xml中的配置包扫描时，如果包扫描配置如下

<context:component-scan base-package="com.zbt.controller"/>

出现的错误

org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.initServletBean Context initialization failed
 org.springframework.beans.factory.UnsatisfiedDependencyException: Error creating bean with name 'studentController': Unsatisfied dependency expressed through field 'stuService'; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.NoSuchBeanDefinitionException: No qualifying bean of type 'com.zbt.service.StudentService' available: expected at least 1 bean which qualifies as autowire candidate. Dependency annotations: {@org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired(required=true)}
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor$AutowiredFieldElement.inject(AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:587)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.InjectionMetadata.inject(InjectionMetadata.java:91)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.postProcessPropertyValues(AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:373)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.populateBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1348)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.doCreateBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:578)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.createBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:501)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.lambda$doGetBean$0(AbstractBeanFactory.java:317)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.getSingleton(DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.java:228)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.doGetBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:315)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.getBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:199)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.preInstantiateSingletons(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:760)
    at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.finishBeanFactoryInitialization(AbstractApplicationContext.java:869)
    at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.refresh(AbstractApplicationContext.java:550)
    at org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.configureAndRefreshWebApplicationContext(FrameworkServlet.java:672)
    at org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.createWebApplicationContext(FrameworkServlet.java:638)
    at org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.createWebApplicationContext(FrameworkServlet.java:686)
    at org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.initWebApplicationContext(FrameworkServlet.java:554)
    at org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.initServletBean(FrameworkServlet.java:499)
    at org.springframework.web.servlet.HttpServletBean.init(HttpServletBean.java:172)
    at javax.servlet.GenericServlet.init(GenericServlet.java:158)
    at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardWrapper.initServlet(StandardWrapper.java:1144)
    at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardWrapper.loadServlet(StandardWrapper.java:1091)
    at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardWrapper.load(StandardWrapper.java:983)
    at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.loadOnStartup(StandardContext.java:4939)
    at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.startInternal(StandardContext.java:5249)
    at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:150)
    at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.addChildInternal(ContainerBase.java:754)
    at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.addChild(ContainerBase.java:730)
    at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHost.addChild(StandardHost.java:734)
    at org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.manageApp(HostConfig.java:1736)
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)
    at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
    at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:498)
    at org.apache.tomcat.util.modeler.BaseModelMBean.invoke(BaseModelMBean.java:300)
    at com.sun.jmx.interceptor.DefaultMBeanServerInterceptor.invoke(DefaultMBeanServerInterceptor.java:819)
    at com.sun.jmx.mbeanserver.JmxMBeanServer.invoke(JmxMBeanServer.java:801)
    at org.apache.catalina.mbeans.MBeanFactory.createStandardContext(MBeanFactory.java:482)
    at org.apache.catalina.mbeans.MBeanFactory.createStandardContext(MBeanFactory.java:431)
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)
    at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
    at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:498)
    at org.apache.tomcat.util.modeler.BaseModelMBean.invoke(BaseModelMBean.java:300)
    at com.sun.jmx.interceptor.DefaultMBeanServerInterceptor.invoke(DefaultMBeanServerInterceptor.java:819)
    at com.sun.jmx.mbeanserver.JmxMBeanServer.invoke(JmxMBeanServer.java:801)
    at javax.management.remote.rmi.RMIConnectionImpl.doOperation(RMIConnectionImpl.java:1468)
    at javax.management.remote.rmi.RMIConnectionImpl.access$300(RMIConnectionImpl.java:76)
    at javax.management.remote.rmi.RMIConnectionImpl$PrivilegedOperation.run(RMIConnectionImpl.java:1309)
    at javax.management.remote.rmi.RMIConnectionImpl.doPrivilegedOperation(RMIConnectionImpl.java:1401)
    at javax.management.remote.rmi.RMIConnectionImpl.invoke(RMIConnectionImpl.java:829)
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)
    at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
    at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:498)
    at sun.rmi.server.UnicastServerRef.dispatch(UnicastServerRef.java:357)
    at sun.rmi.transport.Transport$1.run(Transport.java:200)
    at sun.rmi.transport.Transport$1.run(Transport.java:197)
    at java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(Native Method)
    at sun.rmi.transport.Transport.serviceCall(Transport.java:196)
    at sun.rmi.transport.tcp.TCPTransport.handleMessages(TCPTransport.java:568)
    at sun.rmi.transport.tcp.TCPTransport$ConnectionHandler.run0(TCPTransport.java:826)
    at sun.rmi.transport.tcp.TCPTransport$ConnectionHandler.lambda$run$0(TCPTransport.java:683)
    at java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(Native Method)
    at sun.rmi.transport.tcp.TCPTransport$ConnectionHandler.run(TCPTransport.java:682)
    at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1149)
    at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:624)
    at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:748)
Caused by: org.springframework.beans.factory.NoSuchBeanDefinitionException: No qualifying bean of type 'com.zbt.service.StudentService' available: expected at least 1 bean which qualifies as autowire candidate. Dependency annotations: {@org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired(required=true)}
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.raiseNoMatchingBeanFound(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:1509)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.doResolveDependency(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:1104)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.resolveDependency(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:1065)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor$AutowiredFieldElement.inject(AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:584)
    ... 67 more

会出现包无法扫描的情况，因此我们在spring-mvc.xml中应该配置成扫描所有的包