本节,我们将学习如何在JavaFX应用中操作表格。比如:添加表格,为表格填充数据、编辑表格的行。
JavaFX中提供了一些类让我们更方便的操作表格,最重要的类有TableView、TableColumn和TableCell。我们可以通过实现数据模型和使用单元工厂来填充表格。这些类都提供了列排序和改变列的宽度。
下图是一个典型的地址信息表格:
import javafx.application.Application;
import javafx.geometry.Insets;
import javafx.scene.Group;
import javafx.scene.Scene;
import javafx.scene.control.Label;
import javafx.scene.control.TableColumn;
import javafx.scene.control.TableView;
import javafx.scene.layout.VBox;
import javafx.scene.text.Font;
import javafx.stage.Stage;
public class TableViewSample extends Application {
private final TableView table = new TableView();
public static void main(String[] args) {
launch(args);
}
@Override
public void start(Stage stage) {
Scene scene = new Scene(new Group());
stage.setTitle("Table View Sample");
stage.setWidth(300);
stage.setHeight(500);
final Label label = new Label("Address Book");
label.setFont(new Font("Arial", 20));
table.setEditable(true);
TableColumn firstNameCol = new TableColumn("First Name");
TableColumn lastNameCol = new TableColumn("Last Name");
TableColumn emailCol = new TableColumn("Email");
table.getColumns().addAll(firstNameCol, lastNameCol, emailCol);
final VBox vbox = new VBox();
vbox.setSpacing(5);
vbox.setPadding(new Insets(10, 0, 0, 10));
vbox.getChildren().addAll(label, table);
((Group) scene.getRoot()).getChildren().addAll(vbox);
stage.setScene(scene);
stage.show();
}
}
表格控件是通过TableView来创建的,并且被添加到一个VBox的容器中,当然你也可以直接把这个表格添加到场景中。
然后创建了3列来存数地址信息:first name 、last name和邮件地址。列是通过TableColumn类来创建的。
然后getColumns方法添加了之前创建的3列。在你自己的应用中,你可以通过这个方法来增加和删除列。
编译运行,如下图所示:
你也可以通过setVisble来设置列的可见性。举个例子。如果你的例子中药隐藏邮件地址的列。你可以使用下面的方法。EmailCol.setVisble(false);
如果你的表格需要更复杂的表现,比如需要嵌套列。举个例子,如果一个人有两个邮件地址。那么我们需要两列来存储第一个和第二个邮件地址。我们创建两个子列,然后通过getColumns方法来添加这两个子列。
TableColumn firstEmailCol = new TableColumn("Primary");
TableColumn secondEmailCol = new TableColumn("Secondary");
emailCol.getColumns().addAll(firstEmailCol, secondEmailCol);
编译运行代码,如下图所示:
尽管这个表格已经添加到我们的应用中了,但是其中没有内容,显示了“No content
In table”.我们可以通过,setPlaceholder方法来指定没有数据时的显示内容。
当你创建了一个表格后,最好能有一个类定义数据模型,然后提供方法和域来更好的为表格服务。下面我们使用一个Person类来定义地址表格中的数据。
public static class Person {
private final SimpleStringProperty firstName;
private final SimpleStringProperty lastName;
private final SimpleStringProperty email;
private Person(String fName, String lName, String email) {
this.firstName = new SimpleStringProperty(fName);
this.lastName = new SimpleStringProperty(lName);
this.email = new SimpleStringProperty(email);
}
public String getFirstName() {
return firstName.get();
}
public void setFirstName(String fName) {
firstName.set(fName);
}
public String getLastName() {
return lastName.get();
}
public void setLastName(String fName) {
lastName.set(fName);
}
public String getEmail() {
return email.get();
}
public void setEmail(String fName) {
email.set(fName);
}
}
其中firstName,lastName和email 3个字符串属性代表了表格中的3个列。
而且没有属性都提供了get和set方法。Get方法返回属性的值,set方法为属性赋值。
然后我们使用Person类创建一个ObservableList,定义多行数据。
final ObservableList data = FXCollections.observableArrayList(
new Person("Jacob", "Smith", "[email protected]"),
new Person("Isabella", "Johnson", "[email protected]"),
new Person("Ethan", "Williams", "[email protected]"),
new Person("Emma", "Jones", "[email protected]"),
new Person("Michael", "Brown", "[email protected]")
);
下一步就是把这些数据关联到表格中。我们可以通过属性的名字来关联。
firstNameCol.setCellValueFactory(
new PropertyValueFactory<>("firstName")
);
lastNameCol.setCellValueFactory(
new PropertyValueFactory<>("lastName")
);
emailCol.setCellValueFactory(
new PropertyValueFactory<>("email")
);
SetCellValueFactory方法指定了每一列的单元格工厂。单元格的属性是通过PropertyValueFactory类来实现的。
当数据模型定义好后并且也关联到表格中,我们就这个通过TableView的setItems方法来添加数据了。代码如下:
import javafx.application.Application;
import javafx.beans.property.SimpleStringProperty;
import javafx.collections.FXCollections;
import javafx.collections.ObservableList;
import javafx.geometry.Insets;
import javafx.scene.Group;
import javafx.scene.Scene;
import javafx.scene.control.Label;
import javafx.scene.control.TableColumn;
import javafx.scene.control.TableView;
import javafx.scene.control.cell.PropertyValueFactory;
import javafx.scene.layout.VBox;
import javafx.scene.text.Font;
import javafx.stage.Stage;
public class TableViewSample extends Application {
private final TableView table = new TableView<>();
private final ObservableList data =
FXCollections.observableArrayList(
new Person("Jacob", "Smith", "[email protected]"),
new Person("Isabella", "Johnson", "[email protected]"),
new Person("Ethan", "Williams", "[email protected]"),
new Person("Emma", "Jones", "[email protected]"),
new Person("Michael", "Brown", "[email protected]")
);
public static void main(String[] args) {
launch(args);
}
@Override
public void start(Stage stage) {
Scene scene = new Scene(new Group());
stage.setTitle("Table View Sample");
stage.setWidth(450);
stage.setHeight(500);
final Label label = new Label("Address Book");
label.setFont(new Font("Arial", 20));
table.setEditable(true);
TableColumn firstNameCol = new TableColumn("First Name");
firstNameCol.setMinWidth(100);
firstNameCol.setCellValueFactory(
new PropertyValueFactory<>("firstName"));
TableColumn lastNameCol = new TableColumn("Last Name");
lastNameCol.setMinWidth(100);
lastNameCol.setCellValueFactory(
new PropertyValueFactory<>("lastName"));
TableColumn emailCol = new TableColumn("Email");
emailCol.setMinWidth(200);
emailCol.setCellValueFactory(
new PropertyValueFactory<>("email"));
table.setItems(data);
table.getColumns().addAll(firstNameCol, lastNameCol, emailCol);
final VBox vbox = new VBox();
vbox.setSpacing(5);
vbox.setPadding(new Insets(10, 0, 0, 10));
vbox.getChildren().addAll(label, table);
((Group) scene.getRoot()).getChildren().addAll(vbox);
stage.setScene(scene);
stage.show();
}
public static class Person {
private final SimpleStringProperty firstName;
private final SimpleStringProperty lastName;
private final SimpleStringProperty email;
private Person(String fName, String lName, String email) {
this.firstName = new SimpleStringProperty(fName);
this.lastName = new SimpleStringProperty(lName);
this.email = new SimpleStringProperty(email);
}
public String getFirstName() {
return firstName.get();
}
public void setFirstName(String fName) {
firstName.set(fName);
}
public String getLastName() {
return lastName.get();
}
public void setLastName(String fName) {
lastName.set(fName);
}
public String getEmail() {
return email.get();
}
public void setEmail(String fName) {
email.set(fName);
}
}
}
编译运行代码,如下图所示:
import javafx.application.Application;
import javafx.beans.property.SimpleStringProperty;
import javafx.collections.FXCollections;
import javafx.collections.ObservableList;
import javafx.event.ActionEvent;
import javafx.geometry.Insets;
import javafx.scene.Group;
import javafx.scene.Scene;
import javafx.scene.control.Button;
import javafx.scene.control.Label;
import javafx.scene.control.TableColumn;
import javafx.scene.control.TableView;
import javafx.scene.control.TextField;
import javafx.scene.control.cell.PropertyValueFactory;
import javafx.scene.layout.HBox;
import javafx.scene.layout.VBox;
import javafx.scene.text.Font;
import javafx.stage.Stage;
public class TableViewSample extends Application {
private final TableView table = new TableView<>();
private final ObservableList data =
FXCollections.observableArrayList(
new Person("Jacob", "Smith", "[email protected]"),
new Person("Isabella", "Johnson", "[email protected]"),
new Person("Ethan", "Williams", "[email protected]"),
new Person("Emma", "Jones", "[email protected]"),
new Person("Michael", "Brown", "[email protected]"));
final HBox hb = new HBox();
public static void main(String[] args) {
launch(args);
}
@Override
public void start(Stage stage) {
Scene scene = new Scene(new Group());
stage.setTitle("Table View Sample");
stage.setWidth(450);
stage.setHeight(550);
final Label label = new Label("Address Book");
label.setFont(new Font("Arial", 20));
table.setEditable(true);
TableColumn firstNameCol = new TableColumn("First Name");
firstNameCol.setMinWidth(100);
firstNameCol.setCellValueFactory(
new PropertyValueFactory<>("firstName"));
TableColumn lastNameCol = new TableColumn("Last Name");
lastNameCol.setMinWidth(100);
lastNameCol.setCellValueFactory(
new PropertyValueFactory<>("lastName"));
TableColumn emailCol = new TableColumn("Email");
emailCol.setMinWidth(200);
emailCol.setCellValueFactory(
new PropertyValueFactory<>("email"));
table.setItems(data);
table.getColumns().addAll(firstNameCol, lastNameCol, emailCol);
final TextField addFirstName = new TextField();
addFirstName.setPromptText("First Name");
addFirstName.setMaxWidth(firstNameCol.getPrefWidth());
final TextField addLastName = new TextField();
addLastName.setMaxWidth(lastNameCol.getPrefWidth());
addLastName.setPromptText("Last Name");
final TextField addEmail = new TextField();
addEmail.setMaxWidth(emailCol.getPrefWidth());
addEmail.setPromptText("Email");
final Button addButton = new Button("Add");
addButton.setOnAction((ActionEvent e) -> {
data.add(new Person(
addFirstName.getText(),
addLastName.getText(),
addEmail.getText()));
addFirstName.clear();
addLastName.clear();
addEmail.clear();
});
hb.getChildren().addAll(addFirstName, addLastName, addEmail, addButton);
hb.setSpacing(3);
final VBox vbox = new VBox();
vbox.setSpacing(5);
vbox.setPadding(new Insets(10, 0, 0, 10));
vbox.getChildren().addAll(label, table, hb);
((Group) scene.getRoot()).getChildren().addAll(vbox);
stage.setScene(scene);
stage.show();
}
public static class Person {
private final SimpleStringProperty firstName;
private final SimpleStringProperty lastName;
private final SimpleStringProperty email;
private Person(String fName, String lName, String email) {
this.firstName = new SimpleStringProperty(fName);
this.lastName = new SimpleStringProperty(lName);
this.email = new SimpleStringProperty(email);
}
public String getFirstName() {
return firstName.get();
}
public void setFirstName(String fName) {
firstName.set(fName);
}
public String getLastName() {
return lastName.get();
}
public void setLastName(String fName) {
lastName.set(fName);
}
public String getEmail() {
return email.get();
}
public void setEmail(String fName) {
email.set(fName);
}
}
}
运行,如下图所示:
TableView类为表格提供了排序列的能力,用户可以通过单击列头来实现排序.第一次单击按照升序排列,第二次单击按照降序排列,第三次单击不排序。默认不排序。
用户也可以按照多行排序。当单击列头的是由按住Shift键就可以。如下图所示:
作为开发者,我们可以指定列的排序类型。可用通过setSortType方法来指定比如emailCol.setSortType(TableColumn.SortType.SESCENDING);
我们也可以通过setSortable(false)方法来禁止排序。
import javafx.application.Application;
import javafx.beans.property.SimpleStringProperty;
import javafx.collections.FXCollections;
import javafx.collections.ObservableList;
import javafx.event.ActionEvent;
import javafx.geometry.Insets;
import javafx.scene.Group;
import javafx.scene.Scene;
import javafx.scene.control.Button;
import javafx.scene.control.Label;
import javafx.scene.control.TableColumn;
import javafx.scene.control.TableColumn.CellEditEvent;
import javafx.scene.control.TableView;
import javafx.scene.control.TextField;
import javafx.scene.control.cell.PropertyValueFactory;
import javafx.scene.control.cell.TextFieldTableCell;
import javafx.scene.layout.HBox;
import javafx.scene.layout.VBox;
import javafx.scene.text.Font;
import javafx.stage.Stage;
public class TableViewSample extends Application {
private final TableView table = new TableView<>();
private final ObservableList data =
FXCollections.observableArrayList(
new Person("Jacob", "Smith", "[email protected]"),
new Person("Isabella", "Johnson", "[email protected]"),
new Person("Ethan", "Williams", "[email protected]"),
new Person("Emma", "Jones", "[email protected]"),
new Person("Michael", "Brown", "[email protected]"));
final HBox hb = new HBox();
public static void main(String[] args) {
launch(args);
}
@Override
public void start(Stage stage) {
Scene scene = new Scene(new Group());
stage.setTitle("Table View Sample");
stage.setWidth(450);
stage.setHeight(550);
final Label label = new Label("Address Book");
label.setFont(new Font("Arial", 20));
table.setEditable(true);
TableColumn firstNameCol =
new TableColumn<>("First Name");
firstNameCol.setMinWidth(100);
firstNameCol.setCellValueFactory(
new PropertyValueFactory<>("firstName"));
firstNameCol.setCellFactory(TextFieldTableCell.forTableColumn());
firstNameCol.setOnEditCommit(
(CellEditEvent t) -> {
((Person) t.getTableView().getItems().get(
t.getTablePosition().getRow())
).setFirstName(t.getNewValue());
});
TableColumn lastNameCol =
new TableColumn<>("Last Name");
lastNameCol.setMinWidth(100);
lastNameCol.setCellValueFactory(
new PropertyValueFactory<>("lastName"));
lastNameCol.setCellFactory(TextFieldTableCell.forTableColumn());
lastNameCol.setOnEditCommit(
(CellEditEvent t) -> {
((Person) t.getTableView().getItems().get(
t.getTablePosition().getRow())
).setLastName(t.getNewValue());
});
TableColumn emailCol = new TableColumn<>("Email");
emailCol.setMinWidth(200);
emailCol.setCellValueFactory(
new PropertyValueFactory<>("email"));
emailCol.setCellFactory(TextFieldTableCell.forTableColumn());
emailCol.setOnEditCommit(
(CellEditEvent t) -> {
((Person) t.getTableView().getItems().get(
t.getTablePosition().getRow())
).setEmail(t.getNewValue());
});
table.setItems(data);
table.getColumns().addAll(firstNameCol, lastNameCol, emailCol);
final TextField addFirstName = new TextField();
addFirstName.setPromptText("First Name");
addFirstName.setMaxWidth(firstNameCol.getPrefWidth());
final TextField addLastName = new TextField();
addLastName.setMaxWidth(lastNameCol.getPrefWidth());
addLastName.setPromptText("Last Name");
final TextField addEmail = new TextField();
addEmail.setMaxWidth(emailCol.getPrefWidth());
addEmail.setPromptText("Email");
final Button addButton = new Button("Add");
addButton.setOnAction((ActionEvent e) -> {
data.add(new Person(
addFirstName.getText(),
addLastName.getText(),
addEmail.getText()));
addFirstName.clear();
addLastName.clear();
addEmail.clear();
});
hb.getChildren().addAll(addFirstName, addLastName, addEmail, addButton);
hb.setSpacing(3);
final VBox vbox = new VBox();
vbox.setSpacing(5);
vbox.setPadding(new Insets(10, 0, 0, 10));
vbox.getChildren().addAll(label, table, hb);
((Group) scene.getRoot()).getChildren().addAll(vbox);
stage.setScene(scene);
stage.show();
}
public static class Person {
private final SimpleStringProperty firstName;
private final SimpleStringProperty lastName;
private final SimpleStringProperty email;
private Person(String fName, String lName, String email) {
this.firstName = new SimpleStringProperty(fName);
this.lastName = new SimpleStringProperty(lName);
this.email = new SimpleStringProperty(email);
}
public String getFirstName() {
return firstName.get();
}
public void setFirstName(String fName) {
firstName.set(fName);
}
public String getLastName() {
return lastName.get();
}
public void setLastName(String fName) {
lastName.set(fName);
}
public String getEmail() {
return email.get();
}
public void setEmail(String fName) {
email.set(fName);
}
}
}
运行,如下图所示:
上面的例子,我们修改后需要按回车键才能生效,我们可以让当焦点改变的时候就生效:
import javafx.application.Application;
import javafx.beans.property.SimpleStringProperty;
import javafx.beans.value.ObservableValue;
import javafx.collections.FXCollections;
import javafx.collections.ObservableList;
import javafx.event.ActionEvent;
import javafx.geometry.Insets;
import javafx.scene.Group;
import javafx.scene.Scene;
import javafx.scene.control.Button;
import javafx.scene.control.Label;
import javafx.scene.control.TableCell;
import javafx.scene.control.TableColumn;
import javafx.scene.control.TableColumn.CellEditEvent;
import javafx.scene.control.TableView;
import javafx.scene.control.TextField;
import javafx.scene.control.cell.PropertyValueFactory;
import javafx.scene.layout.HBox;
import javafx.scene.layout.VBox;
import javafx.scene.text.Font;
import javafx.stage.Stage;
import javafx.util.Callback;
public class TableViewSample extends Application {
private final TableView table = new TableView<>();
private final ObservableList data =
FXCollections.observableArrayList(
new Person("Jacob", "Smith", "[email protected]"),
new Person("Isabella", "Johnson", "[email protected]"),
new Person("Ethan", "Williams", "[email protected]"),
new Person("Emma", "Jones", "[email protected]"),
new Person("Michael", "Brown", "[email protected]"));
final HBox hb = new HBox();
public static void main(String[] args) {
launch(args);
}
@Override
public void start(Stage stage) {
Scene scene = new Scene(new Group());
stage.setTitle("Table View Sample");
stage.setWidth(450);
stage.setHeight(550);
final Label label = new Label("Address Book");
label.setFont(new Font("Arial", 20));
table.setEditable(true);
Callback,
TableCell> cellFactory
= (TableColumn p) -> new EditingCell();
TableColumn firstNameCol =
new TableColumn<>("First Name");
TableColumn lastNameCol =
new TableColumn<>("Last Name");
TableColumn emailCol =
new TableColumn<>("Email");
firstNameCol.setMinWidth(100);
firstNameCol.setCellValueFactory(
new PropertyValueFactory<>("firstName"));
firstNameCol.setCellFactory(cellFactory);
firstNameCol.setOnEditCommit(
(CellEditEvent t) -> {
((Person) t.getTableView().getItems().get(
t.getTablePosition().getRow())
).setFirstName(t.getNewValue());
});
lastNameCol.setMinWidth(100);
lastNameCol.setCellValueFactory(
new PropertyValueFactory<>("lastName"));
lastNameCol.setCellFactory(cellFactory);
lastNameCol.setOnEditCommit(
(CellEditEvent t) -> {
((Person) t.getTableView().getItems().get(
t.getTablePosition().getRow())
).setLastName(t.getNewValue());
});
emailCol.setMinWidth(200);
emailCol.setCellValueFactory(
new PropertyValueFactory<>("email"));
emailCol.setCellFactory(cellFactory);
emailCol.setOnEditCommit(
(CellEditEvent t) -> {
((Person) t.getTableView().getItems().get(
t.getTablePosition().getRow())
).setEmail(t.getNewValue());
});
table.setItems(data);
table.getColumns().addAll(firstNameCol, lastNameCol, emailCol);
final TextField addFirstName = new TextField();
addFirstName.setPromptText("First Name");
addFirstName.setMaxWidth(firstNameCol.getPrefWidth());
final TextField addLastName = new TextField();
addLastName.setMaxWidth(lastNameCol.getPrefWidth());
addLastName.setPromptText("Last Name");
final TextField addEmail = new TextField();
addEmail.setMaxWidth(emailCol.getPrefWidth());
addEmail.setPromptText("Email");
final Button addButton = new Button("Add");
addButton.setOnAction((ActionEvent e) -> {
data.add(new Person(
addFirstName.getText(),
addLastName.getText(),
addEmail.getText()));
addFirstName.clear();
addLastName.clear();
addEmail.clear();
});
hb.getChildren().addAll(addFirstName, addLastName, addEmail, addButton);
hb.setSpacing(3);
final VBox vbox = new VBox();
vbox.setSpacing(5);
vbox.setPadding(new Insets(10, 0, 0, 10));
vbox.getChildren().addAll(label, table, hb);
((Group) scene.getRoot()).getChildren().addAll(vbox);
stage.setScene(scene);
stage.show();
}
public static class Person {
private final SimpleStringProperty firstName;
private final SimpleStringProperty lastName;
private final SimpleStringProperty email;
private Person(String fName, String lName, String email) {
this.firstName = new SimpleStringProperty(fName);
this.lastName = new SimpleStringProperty(lName);
this.email = new SimpleStringProperty(email);
}
public String getFirstName() {
return firstName.get();
}
public void setFirstName(String fName) {
firstName.set(fName);
}
public String getLastName() {
return lastName.get();
}
public void setLastName(String fName) {
lastName.set(fName);
}
public String getEmail() {
return email.get();
}
public void setEmail(String fName) {
email.set(fName);
}
}
class EditingCell extends TableCell {
private TextField textField;
public EditingCell() {
}
@Override
public void startEdit() {
if (!isEmpty()) {
super.startEdit();
createTextField();
setText(null);
setGraphic(textField);
textField.selectAll();
}
}
@Override
public void cancelEdit() {
super.cancelEdit();
setText((String) getItem());
setGraphic(null);
}
@Override
public void updateItem(String item, boolean empty) {
super.updateItem(item, empty);
if (empty) {
setText(null);
setGraphic(null);
} else {
if (isEditing()) {
if (textField != null) {
textField.setText(getString());
}
setText(null);
setGraphic(textField);
} else {
setText(getString());
setGraphic(null);
}
}
}
private void createTextField() {
textField = new TextField(getString());
textField.setMinWidth(this.getWidth() - this.getGraphicTextGap()* 2);
textField.focusedProperty().addListener(
(ObservableValue extends Boolean> arg0,
Boolean arg1, Boolean arg2) -> {
if (!arg2) {
commitEdit(textField.getText());
}
});
}
private String getString() {
return getItem() == null ? "" : getItem().toString();
}
}
}
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;
import javafx.application.Application;
import javafx.collections.FXCollections;
import javafx.collections.ObservableList;
import javafx.geometry.Insets;
import javafx.scene.Group;
import javafx.scene.Scene;
import javafx.scene.control.Label;
import javafx.scene.control.TableCell;
import javafx.scene.control.TableColumn;
import javafx.scene.control.TableView;
import javafx.scene.control.cell.MapValueFactory;
import javafx.scene.control.cell.TextFieldTableCell;
import javafx.scene.layout.VBox;
import javafx.scene.text.Font;
import javafx.stage.Stage;
import javafx.util.Callback;
import javafx.util.StringConverter;
public class TableViewSample extends Application {
public static final String Column1MapKey = "A";
public static final String Column2MapKey = "B";
public static void main(String[] args) {
launch(args);
}
@Override
public void start(Stage stage) {
Scene scene = new Scene(new Group());
stage.setTitle("Table View Sample");
stage.setWidth(300);
stage.setHeight(500);
final Label label = new Label("Student IDs");
label.setFont(new Font("Arial", 20));
TableColumn
如下图所示: