第一种(懒汉,线程不安全):
public class Singleton {
2 private static Singleton instance;
3 private Singleton (){}
4 public static Singleton getInstance() {
5 if (instance == null) {
6 instance = new Singleton();
7 }
8 return instance;
9 }
10 }
这种写法lazy loading很明显,但是致命的是在多线程下不能正常工作。
第二种(懒汉,线程安全):
1 public class Singleton {
2 private static Singleton instance;
3 private Singleton (){}
4 public static synchronized Singleton getInstance() {
5 if (instance == null) {
6 instance = new Singleton();
7 }
8 return instance;
9 }
10 }
这种写法能够在多线程中很好的工作,而且看起来它也具备很好的lazy loading,但是,遗憾的是,效率很低,99%情况下不需要同步。
第三种(饿汉):
1 public class Singleton {
2 private static Singleton instance = new Singleton();
3 private Singleton (){}
4 public static Singleton getInstance() {
5 return instance;
6 }
7 }
第四种(饿汉,变种):
1 public class Singleton {
2 private Singleton instance = null;
3 static {
4 instance = new Singleton();
5 }
6 private Singleton (){}
7 public static Singleton getInstance() {
8 return this.instance;
9 }
10 }
第五种(静态内部类):
1 public class Singleton {
2 private static class SingletonHolder {
3 private static final Singleton INSTANCE = new Singleton();
4 }
5 private Singleton (){}
6 public static final Singleton getInstance() {
7 return SingletonHolder.INSTANCE;
8 }
9 }
第六种(枚举):
1 public enum Singleton {
2 INSTANCE;
3 public void whateverMethod() {
4 }
5 }
第七种(双重校验锁):
1 public class Singleton {
2 private volatile static Singleton singleton;
3 private Singleton (){}
4 public static Singleton getSingleton() {
5 if (singleton == null) {
6 synchronized (Singleton.class) {
7 if (singleton == null) {
8 singleton = new Singleton();
9 }
10 }
11 }
12 return singleton;
13 }
14 }
在JDK1.5之后,双重检查锁定才能够正常达到单例效果。