keras中的keras.utils.to_categorical方法

to_categorical(y, num_classes=None, dtype='float32')

将整型标签转为onehot。y为int数组，num_classes为标签类别总数，大于max(y)（标签从0开始的）。

返回：如果num_classes=None，返回len(y) * [max(y)+1]（维度，m*n表示m行n列矩阵，下同），否则为len(y) * num_classes。说出来显得复杂，请看下面实例。

import keras

ohl=keras.utils.to_categorical([1,3])
# ohl=keras.utils.to_categorical([[1],[3]])
print(ohl)
"""
[[0. 1. 0. 0.]
 [0. 0. 0. 1.]]
"""
ohl=keras.utils.to_categorical([1,3],num_classes=5)
print(ohl)
"""
[[0. 1. 0. 0. 0.]
 [0. 0. 0. 1. 0.]]
"""

该部分keras源码如下：

def to_categorical(y, num_classes=None, dtype='float32'):
    """Converts a class vector (integers) to binary class matrix.

    E.g. for use with categorical_crossentropy.

    # Arguments
        y: class vector to be converted into a matrix
            (integers from 0 to num_classes).
        num_classes: total number of classes.
        dtype: The data type expected by the input, as a string
            (`float32`, `float64`, `int32`...)

    # Returns
        A binary matrix representation of the input. The classes axis
        is placed last.
    """
    y = np.array(y, dtype='int')
    input_shape = y.shape
    if input_shape and input_shape[-1] == 1 and len(input_shape) > 1:
        input_shape = tuple(input_shape[:-1])
    y = y.ravel()
    if not num_classes:
        num_classes = np.max(y) + 1
    n = y.shape[0]
    categorical = np.zeros((n, num_classes), dtype=dtype)
    categorical[np.arange(n), y] = 1
    output_shape = input_shape + (num_classes,)
    categorical = np.reshape(categorical, output_shape)
    return categorical