第一部分：按照下面的模板总结其英文写作句式及表达，补充模板里尚没有的；
一、简要综述以往和现在研究
先前的研究已经证实…:Previous research has established that …
历史学家最近的研究证实…:Recent work by historians has established that …
先前比较X和Y的研究发现…:Previous research comparing X and Y has found …
现有研究认识到……所扮演的关键角色:Existing research recognises the critical role played by …
最近，研究人员检查了x对y的影响:Recently investigators have examined the effects of X on Y.
已经做了几次尝试…:Several attempts have been made to …
某方法被认为如何如何：In a study by …, supporting the need of… ； in comparison to … , the study is … … have become continually popular. For many years,the ability of …can only achieved by deploying …. …will bring a new interactive interface between … and…. It sounds impossible at first glance.
花式夸过往研究：This effect was shown to be effective
这个领域已经取得了很大进展，但是......:Great progress has been made in this field, but…
最后，提出了一些值得注意的问题及其解决方案: Finally, some problems that deserve to be noted and their solution are presented.
某方法被认为如何如何：as is well known, What is well known is tha, it seems that;The previous work on … has indicated that it is …、Previous research has shown that …
某方法很重要：it is of great importance that;play a vital role. Essential. Principal. Momentous. Considerable.… have been proven useful in …、The greatest emphasis has been on …
大量研究：plenty of, consideriable，a great number of , a (large) quantity of ,plenty of, a flood of.
少量研究：a bit of， a scrap of. A trifle of . a shade of .a modicum of.There have been a few studies highlighting …
“揭示”“表明”： proclaim, discover, promulgate, bring to light;announce. Promulgate. Proclaim. Indicate.
在过去一段时间：in the past, During a certain period in the past;a period of time. In the past
导致，造成：bring about; make for ;bring about. result in. lead to
花式夸过往研究：with the recent studies; Several?recent?studie; Recent literature advances.One of the great advantage of … is …
越来越受到关注：pay more and more attention to…. …are attracting more and more attention. It is increasingly widespread concern.Great concern have arisen … due to the increasing number of …
二、重点回顾与本工作相关的研究
几项研究的数据表明…:Data from several studies suggest that …
从各种各样的研究中可以很好地证明…:It is now well established from a variety of studies, that …
最近的证据表明：Recent evidence suggests that …Recent studies have shown that …
几项研究证明…Several studies have documented …
举例子: the previous work，the case in point is;
关于......的一个重要问题是......:An important question with regard to … is …
第3节讨论了......:Section 3 discusses …
查阅相关论文 We conducted an extensive literature review by examining relevant papers
覆盖了问题的……方面 There are several published survey papers that cover different aspects of ……
之前有人做过评估与比较 Previous versions of …… have been evaluated by various teams of researchers and compared to several different algorithms
针对……做了一系列的研究 Recently, …… has carried out a series of …… toward beyond ……
最近发展的关键技术 One of the key technologies that has been developed recently is
这项研究致力于 This research contributes to developing
有相关性：be correlated with; related to; a?correlation between;This is a working theory based on the idea that …
下结论，因此：for this reason, as a consequence, as a result;Results show that …
解释原因：due to; for this reason;
引起注意的连接词：obviously; apparently, particularly; what else,chiefly, certainly, above all, absolutely, undoubtedly, especially… recently; additionally
三、以往工作的不足
转折：Despite its manifold advantages, this approach has major drawbacks， nevertheless, though, after all, whereas…
需要继续探索：Therefore, … is a major concern
连接词：however; therefore;
已有工作的评述：Due to its weak security properties, this authentication approach does not fully meet the requirement of…，prominent, remarkable, noteworthy, conspicuous, marked; significant; momentous; considerable
这些算法都没有在……方面做出明显的改善 Unfortunately these algorithms frequently do not provide significant improvements in ……
……方面的文献缺乏 However, there is a lack of literature on
四、回到本研究中来
转折：while; on the contrary, at the same time, on the other hand;
过去的观点：retrospective views;
研究不足：inadequate?Research, some?research?limitation, the?deficiency?in?study?on, Some?research?limitation, they suffer from serious limitations of,However, the problems exist in …
，However, there appears to have …
需要继续探索：are?needed?continuing?exploration,
与之相反：on the contrary; by contrast; in contrast, as compared to,
链接连词：what else, as for, in the case of, essential
解决问题：We performed … ; The main contribution of this work is…；to deal with the problem; ironing?out?problems?,to cover the limitation of,
研究价值展望：Provide reference for further work；provide insights to;
通过我们的实验，我们得出结论......:As a result of our experiments, we concluded that …
在...的基础上，可以得出以下结论......:On the basis of …, the following conclusion can be made …
研究目的：the aim of this study is to, the intention of this study is to;This paper studies …；With the aim of …；… is intended to …；The primary goal of this research is …；The study addresses the problem of …；The intention of this paper is to survey …
在本研究中：in this application; in this research, our research;
为了探索xxx的功能，我们做了xxx:To explore the function of xxx, we did xxx.
这一发现与之前发现的xxx一致:This finding was consistent with the previous finding that xxx.
在我们看来 From our point of view
本文主旨是 A key claim of this paper is that
提出了一种新思路 This paper presented a new approach on
第二部分：整理一些比较好的，套路化句子。
1、第1.1节简要地调查了行动方法的动机，而1.2则着眼于系统复杂性所带来的困难，并概述了发展可能性方法的必要性: Section1.1briefly surveys the motivation for a methodology of action, while 1.2 looks at the difficulties posed by the complexity of systems and outlines the need for development of possibility methods.
2、在下一节中，在陈述了基本问题之后，研究了各种涉及可能性知识的情况：首先，提出了一个完全可能性模型；然后，研究了具有随机到达和非模糊服务规则的模糊服务时间的情况；最后，考虑了模糊服务规则。:In the next section, after a statement of the basic problem, various situations involving possibility knowledge are investigated: first, an entirely possibility model is proposed; then the cases of a fuzzy service time with stochastic arrivals and non fuzzy service rule is studied; lastly, fuzzy service rule are considered.
3、 在Introduction里面经常会使用到的一个句子：很多文献已经讨论过了......
①Solar energy conversion by photoelectrochemical cells has been intensively investigated.
②Much work so far has focused on wide band gap semiconductors for water splitting for the sake of chemical stability.
③There are many excellent reviews in the literature dealing with the basic concepts of the photocatalytic processand the reader is referred in particular to those by Hoffmann and coworkers,Mills and coworkers, and Kamat.
4、正如下文将提到的...
①As will be described below（也可以是As we shall see below）, as the Si/Al ratio increases, the surface of the zeolite becomes more hydrophobic and possesses stronger affinity for ethyl acetate and the number of acid sites decreases.
②很多论文中，也经常直接用see below来表示，比如：
The observation of nanocluster spheres at the ends of the nanowires is suggestive of a VLS growth process (see below).
5、 XX的快速发展使XX成为了可能，放在文章的开头，用于引出整篇文章的研究范围。：The rapid growth in …… has enabled ……
6、 自从XXX的开拓工作开始，这个领域的研究开始稳步前进，可以引出前人的工作。Starting with the pioneering work of……，…… has been steadily studied.
6、 是个转折，然而，前人的工作不能适用于……由于……，引出存在的问题 However, the conventional …… could not be used for…… due to …….
8、在本文中，我们提出了基于xx技术的xx方法，引出自己的工作 In this paper, we propose a …… method using …… via …….
9、是说我们使用的XX技术可以有什么样预期的效果。 The use of …… is expected to……in …….
10、 用In addition和Finally列举了作者的工作，使段落的结构更清晰。In addition, we validate the actual utility of the present method for ……. . Finally, to achieve……, a …… is proposed, where……句
11、 文章的结构的总结，分别概括了论文中的各个章节。用了provide, detail, show, discuss等词。The rest of the paper is organized as follows: Section II provides……，Section III details……，Section IV shows……，Section V discusses……，And ?nally, Section VI provides ……
12、为了显著减少工作量并同时保证……结果：To cut down on the workload notably and guarantee the …… result in the meantime,?
13、近年来，随着……的快速发展With the rapid development of …… recently.
14、现有系统中，这个训练阶段可能花费巨大工作量来获得满意的……结果。In existing systems, this training phase may cost a tremendous amount of workload to achieve satisfying …… result.
15、为了弥补……的缺陷，……被引入用于研究……To cover the limitation of……,sth was introduced to study……
16、本节中，描述了……的特点以及设计环境In this section, the characteristics and environment under which ……is designed are described17、然而，实现这一目标很麻烦，在实际应用中，这些公式如下节所述被重新排列和简化。However, it is cumbersome for this purpose and in practical applications the formulae were rearranged and simplified as discussed in the next section.
18、通过选择测量实验变量xx的速率，提出了xx设计中的一个基本问题。A basic problem in the design of xx is presented by the choice of a xx rate for the measurement of experimental variables.
19、文中给出了一个教学示例，来说明……的计算过程。A didactic example is included to illustrate the computational procedure of the …….
20、迄今为止，没有一种方法是完美的，所有的方法都远未准备好用于商业系统。To date, none of the methods developed is perfect and all are far from ready to be used in commercial systems.
21、论文主要工作是…… The objective of this paper is to……
22、主题很受关注 this topic has acclaimed significant attention in the research community
23、成为最近研究的核心 it has also become a centerpiece of current research
24、
描述重要性：
1. One of the most significant current discussions in legal and moral philosophy is ......
2. In the new global economy, X has become a central issue for ......
3. The issue of X has received considerable critical attention.
4. However, a major problem with this kind of application is ......
描述方法：
1. In most recent studies, X is measured in different ways.
2. Previous studies have based their criteria for selection on ......
3. It was decided that the best method to adopt for this investigation was to .....
4. The X approach has a number of attractive features: ......
陈述结果：
1. On the question of X, this study found that ......
2. In the current study, comparing X with Y showed that the mean degree of ......
3. X provided the largest set of significant of ......
概括句：
1. This essay has argued that X is the best instrument to ......
2. This dissertation has investigated ......
3. This project was undertaken to design ...... and evaluate .....
4. This assignment has explained the central importance of X in Y.
5. Returning to the hypothesis/question posed at the beginning of this study, it is now possible to state that .....