部署docker容器虚拟化平台(二)
Docker平台基本使用方法
1、运行一个 container并加载镜像centos，运行起来这个实例后，在实例中执行 /bin/bash命令。
- run 运行
- -i 以交互模式运行容器，通常与 -t 同时使用
- -t 为容器重新分配一个伪输入终端，通常与 -i 同时使用。
[root@docker ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
docker.io/centos httpd 04333ce04d20 2 days ago 338.7 MB
docker.io/centos apache 5d18d07be42a 2 days ago 444.6 MB
docker.io/nginx latest 719cd2e3ed04 13 days ago 109.2 MB
docker.io/centos latest 9f38484d220f 3 months ago 201.8 MB
[root@docker ~]# docker run -it docker.io/centos /bin/bash
[root@837e4187e856 /]# ls
anaconda-post.log dev home lib64 mnt proc run srv tmp var
bin etc lib media opt root sbin sys usr
[root@837e4187e856 /]# cat /etc/redhat-release
CentOS Linux release 7.6.1810 (Core)2、在 container 中启动一个长久运行的进程，不断向stdin输出 hello world 。模拟一个后台运行的服务。
- -d 后台运行容器，并返回容器ID
- -c 后面跟待完成的命令
[root@docker ~]# docker run -d docker.io/centos:latest /bin/sh -c "while true;do echo hello world;sleep 1;done"
11503abd1df32a3e3cce32dfb6c38a143adcf1542df4c47e76bccdea7ce8e020
[root@docker ~]# docker logs 11 //取日志
hello world
hello world
hello world
hello world
hello world
hello world
hello world
hello world
hello world
查看正在运行的容器
[root@docker ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
11503abd1df3 docker.io/centos:latest "/bin/sh -c 'while tr" 3 minutes ago Up 3 minutes focused_jepsen
95f9d2efebc4 nginx "nginx -g 'daemon off" 4 hours ago Up 4 hours 0.0.0.0:8082->80/tcp runoob-nginx-test-web
ea0daa6a3f0a nginx "nginx -g 'daemon off" 4 hours ago Up 4 hours 0.0.0.0:8081->80/tcp runoob-nginx-test
[root@docker ~]# docker ps -a //-a 列出所有容器（包含沉睡/退出状态的容器）
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
11503abd1df3 docker.io/centos:latest "/bin/sh -c 'while tr" 5 minutes ago Up 5 minutes focused_jepsen
837e4187e856 docker.io/centos "/bin/bash" 11 minutes ago Exited (0) 7 minutes ago amazing_mclean
95f9d2efebc4 nginx "nginx -g 'daemon off" 4 hours ago Up 4 hours 0.0.0.0:8082->80/tcp runoob-nginx-test-web
ea0daa6a3f0a nginx "nginx -g 'daemon off" 4 hours ago Up 4 hours 0.0.0.0:8081->80/tcp runoob-nginx-test
[root@docker ~]# docker images //列出本地所有镜像
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
docker.io/centos httpd 04333ce04d20 2 days ago 338.7 MB
docker.io/centos apache 5d18d07be42a 2 days ago 444.6 MB
docker.io/nginx latest 719cd2e3ed04 13 days ago 109.2 MB
docker.io/centos latest 9f38484d220f 3 months ago 201.8 MB3、杀死一个容器。 比如：杀死一个正在后台运行的容器
[root@docker ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
11503abd1df3 docker.io/centos:latest "/bin/sh -c 'while tr" 9 minutes ago Up 9 minutes focused_jepsen
837e4187e856 docker.io/centos "/bin/bash" 15 minutes ago Exited (0) 11 minutes ago amazing_mclean
95f9d2efebc4 nginx "nginx -g 'daemon off" 4 hours ago Up 4 hours 0.0.0.0:8082->80/tcp runoob-nginx-test-web
ea0daa6a3f0a nginx "nginx -g 'daemon off" 4 hours ago Up 4 hours 0.0.0.0:80
[root@docker ~]# docker kill 11503abd1df3
11503abd1df34、启动、停止、重启 container容器实例。
[root@docker ~]# docker run -d docker.io/centos:latest /bin/sh -c "while true;do echo hello world; sleep 1; done"
b9a562800d00cd79338d15fcc48a355b9d4fdeba8059e93c6b8697f98acb1d5a
[root@docker ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
b9a562800d00 docker.io/centos:latest "/bin/sh -c 'while tr" 11 seconds ago Up 7 seconds clever_goldstine
[root@docker ~]# docker stop b9a562800d00
b9a562800d00
[root@docker ~]# docker start b9a562800d00
b9a562800d00
[root@docker ~]# docker restart b9a562800d00
b9a562800d00
[root@docker ~]# docker rm b9a562800d00
Error response from daemon: You cannot remove a running container b9a562800d00cd79338d15fcc48a355b9d4fdeba8059e93c6b8697f98acb1d5a. Stop the container before attempting removal or use -f
[root@docker ~]# docker stop b9a562800d00
b9a562800d00
[root@docker ~]# docker rm b9a562800d00
b9a562800d00Docker镜像制作方法
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Docker Image 的制作两种方法
方法1：docker commit # 保存 container 的当前状态到 image后，然后生成对应的image
方法2：docker build # 使用 Dockerfile 文件自动化制作 image
1、根据容器当前状态做一个image镜像：创建一个安装了apache工具的centos镜像.
[root@docker ~]# docker run -it docker.io/centos:latest /bin/bash
[root@d93933dbd09b /]# yum -y install httpd
[root@d93933dbd09b /]# exit
[root@docker ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
docker.io/nginx latest 719cd2e3ed04 13 days ago 109.2 MB
docker.io/centos latest 9f38484d220f 3 months ago 201.8 MB
[root@docker ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
d93933dbd09b docker.io/centos:latest "/bin/bash" About a minute ago Exited (0) 47 seconds ago nauseous_brown
11503abd1df3 docker.io/centos:latest "/bin/sh -c 'while tr" 31 minutes ago Exited (137) 21 minutes ago focused_jepsen
837e4187e856 docker.io/centos "/bin/bash" 37 minutes ago Exited (137) 18 minutes ago amazing_mclean
95f9d2efebc4 nginx "nginx -g 'daemon off" 4 hours ago Exited (0) 18 minutes ago runoob-nginx-test-web
ea0daa6a3f0a nginx "nginx -g 'daemon off" 4 hours ago Exited (0) 18 minutes ago runoob-nginx-test
[root@docker ~]# docker commit d93933dbd09b docker.io/centos:apache
sha256:d6408a990a8fafeebd31cb653866a3bd54acb3605272ecf73b6c5f09165398df
[root@docker ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
docker.io/centos apache d6408a990a8f 13 seconds ago 338.7 MB
docker.io/nginx latest 719cd2e3ed04 13 days ago 109.2 MB
docker.io/centos latest 9f38484d220f 3 months ago 201.8 MB
[root@docker ~]# docker run -it docker.io/centos:apache /bin/bash
[root@c88bf8405a55 /]# rpm -qa httpd
httpd-2.4.6-89.el7.centos.x86_642、通过：docker build创建一个基于centos的httpd web服务器镜像。
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使用docker build创建镜像时，需要使用 Dockerfile 文件自动化制作 image 镜像
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注：Dockerfile有点像源码编译时./configure后产生的Makefile
1. 创建工作目录
[root@docker ~]# mkdir /docker-build
[root@docker ~]# cd /docker-build/
[root@docker docker-build]# touch Dockerfile //注： make自动化编译时需要Makefile文件，自动化创建docker镜像时，需要Dockerfile
2、编辑 Dockerfile
[root@docker docker-build]# vim Dockerfile
FROM docker.io/centos:latest # FROM 基于哪个镜像
MAINTAINER # MAINTAINER 镜像创建者
RUN yum -y install httpd #RUN 安装软件用
ADD start.sh /usr/local/bin/start.sh
ADD index.html /var/www/html/index.html
CMD /usr/local/bin/start.sh
# ADD 将文件拷贝到新产生的镜像的文件系统对应的路径。所有拷贝到新镜像中的文件和文件夹权限为0755,uid和gid为0
CMD echo hello world #container启动时执行的命令或启动服务，但是一个Dockerfile中只能有一条CMD命令，多条则只执行最后一条CMD.
3、创建 start.sh脚本启动httpd服务和apache默认首页index.html文件
[root@docker docker-build]# echo "/usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND" > start.sh
[root@docker docker-build]# chmod +x start.sh
[root@docker docker-build]# echo "docker image build test" > index.html
4、使用命令build来创建新的image
[root@docker docker-build]# docker build -t docker.io/centos:httpd ./
[root@docker docker-build]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
docker.io/centos httpd a50cbc87a061 About a minute ago 338.7 MB
docker.io/centos apache d6408a990a8f 10 minutes ago 338.7 MB
docker.io/nginx latest 719cd2e3ed04 13 days ago 109.2 MB
docker.io/centos latest 9f38484d220f 3 months ago 201.8 MB Docker Image 的发布
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方法1：Save Image To TarBall
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方法2：Push Image To Docker Hub
方法1：Save Image To TarBall
语法：docker save -o 导出的镜像名.tar 本地镜像名：镜像标签
例：
[root@docker ~]# docker save -o docker.io-centos-httpd-docker-image.tar docker.io/centos:httpd
[root@docker docker-build]# ll -h
总用量 332M
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 180 6月 24 14:30 Dockerfile
-rw------- 1 root root 332M 6月 24 14:41 docker.io-centos-httpd-docker-image.tar
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 24 6月 24 14:31 index.html
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 29 6月 24 14:31 start.sh
使用导入本地镜像
[root@docker docker-build]# docker rmi docker.io/centos:httpd
[root@docker docker-build]# docker load -i docker.io-centos-httpd-docker-image.tar方法2：Push Image To Docker Hub 发布到外网
[root@docker ~]# docker tag docker.io/centos:apache 账号/public:apache
[root@docker ~]# docker login -u 账号 -p 密码
Login Succeeded
[root@docker ~]# docker push everycool/public:apache
The push refers to a repository [docker.io/everycool/public]
c5c697cbd671: Pushed
d69483a6face: Pushed
apache: digest: sha256:710c331404c91a45d7f1dd6627a3f750eee6379f6e48ab71fce7bb627d6fd18b size: 741Container 容器端口映射
[root@docker ~]# docker run -d -p 81:80 docker.io/centos:apache
60e26283967a0b75c448a834b155695471677eeb9fa05c626ac37de35dea7a0d
## -p 物理机的80端口:容器实例的80端口 ，把容器中的80端口映射到物理机上的80端口
[root@docker ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
c72fdb8da879 docker.io/centos:httpd "/bin/bash -c /usr/lo" 2 minutes ago Up 2 minutes 0.0.0.0:80->80/tcp sleepy_newton
[root@docker ~]# netstat -antup | grep 80
tcp6 0 0 :::80 :::* LISTEN 50768/docker-proxy-
访问正在运行的 container 容器实例
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语法： docker exec -it
/bin/bash
[root@docker ~]# docker exec -it d8c2e9c44377 /bin/bash