jpa case when otherwise end 的用法

SELECT
    p.prod_id,
    p.prod_name,
    CASE
        WHEN sum(r.rating_num)/count(DISTINCT r.rating_id) IS NULL THEN 0
        ELSE round(sum(r.rating_num)/count(DISTINCT r.rating_id))
    END AS avg_rating
FROM
    product p
LEFT OUTER JOIN
    rating r
        ON p.prod_id=r.prod_id
GROUP BY
    p.prod_id,
    p.prod_name 
HAVING
    CASE
        WHEN sum(r.rating_num)/count(DISTINCT r.rating_id) IS NULL THEN 0
        ELSE round(sum(r.rating_num)/count(DISTINCT r.rating_id))
    END>=1

基于MySQL中的下表。

mysql> desc rating;
+-------------+---------------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| Field       | Type                | Null | Key | Default | Extra          |
+-------------+---------------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| rating_id   | bigint(20) unsigned | NO   | PRI | NULL    | auto_increment |
| prod_id     | bigint(20) unsigned | YES  | MUL | NULL    |                |
| rating_num  | int(10) unsigned    | YES  |     | NULL    |                |
| ip_address  | varchar(45)         | YES  |     | NULL    |                |
| row_version | bigint(20) unsigned | NO   |     | 0       |                |
+-------------+---------------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
5 rows in set (0.08 sec)

此表rating与另一个表明显多到一的关系product（prod_id是外键引用的主键prod_id的product表）。

在这个问题中，我们只对该子句中的CASE结构感兴趣HAVING。

以下标准查询，

CriteriaBuilder criteriaBuilder = entityManager.getCriteriaBuilder();
CriteriaQuery<Tuple> criteriaQuery = criteriaBuilder.createTupleQuery();
Root<Product> root = criteriaQuery.from(entityManager.getMetamodel().entity(Product.class));
ListJoin<Product, Rating> prodRatingJoin = root.join(Product_.ratingList, JoinType.LEFT);

List<Expression> expressions = new ArrayList<Expression>();
expressions.add(root.get(Product_.prodId));
expressions.add(root.get(Product_.prodName));

Expression<Integer> sum = criteriaBuilder.sum(prodRatingJoin.get(Rating_.ratingNum));
Expression<Long> count = criteriaBuilder.countDistinct(prodRatingJoin.get(Rating_.ratingId));

Expression<Number> quotExpression = criteriaBuilder.quot(sum, count);
Expression<Integer> roundExpression = criteriaBuilder.function("round", Integer.class, quotExpression);
Expression<Integer> selectExpression = criteriaBuilder.<Integer>selectCase().when(quotExpression.isNull(), criteriaBuilder.literal(0)).otherwise(roundExpression);
expressions.add(selectExpression);

criteriaQuery.multiselect(expressions.toArray(new Expression[0]));
expressions.remove(expressions.size() - 1);

criteriaQuery.groupBy(expressions.toArray(new Expression[0]));
criteriaQuery.having(criteriaBuilder.greaterThanOrEqualTo(selectExpression, criteriaBuilder.literal(1)));

List<Tuple> list = entityManager.createQuery(criteriaQuery).getResultList();

for (Tuple tuple : list) {
    System.out.println(tuple.get(0) + " : " + tuple.get(1) + " : " + tuple.get(2));
}

根据预期生成以下正确的SQL查询。

select
    product0_.prod_id as col_0_0_,
    product0_.prod_name as col_1_0_,
    case 
        when sum(ratinglist1_.rating_num)/count(distinct ratinglist1_.rating_id) is null then 0 
        else round(sum(ratinglist1_.rating_num)/count(distinct ratinglist1_.rating_id)) 
    end as col_2_0_ 
from
    projectdb.product product0_ 
left outer join
    projectdb.rating ratinglist1_ 
        on product0_.prod_id=ratinglist1_.prod_id 
group by
    product0_.prod_id ,
    product0_.prod_name 
having
    case 
        when sum(ratinglist1_.rating_num)/count(distinct ratinglist1_.rating_id) is null then 0 
        else round(sum(ratinglist1_.rating_num)/count(distinct ratinglist1_.rating_id)) 
    end>=1

对于技术角度来看，在上述条件查询中查看以下行。

criteriaQuery.having(criteriaBuilder.greaterThanOrEqualTo(selectExpression, criteriaBuilder.literal(1)));

这个问题的类似之处如下。

createQuery.having(criteriaBuilder.greaterThanOrEqualTo(selectExpression, 1));

在这个问题上看到原来的表达方式是完全一样的：

Expression<Integer> selectExpression = criteriaBuilder.<Integer>selectCase()
                                       .when(quotExpression.isNull(), 0)
                                       .<Integer>otherwise(roundExpression);

尝试将此表达式传递给criteriaBuilder.greaterThanOrEqualTo()如下。

criteriaQuery.having(criteriaBuilder.greaterThanOrEqualTo(selectExpression, 0));

要特别注意greaterThanOrEqualTo()上面的第二个参数。这是0。criteriaBuilder.literal(0)因此，应该是这个问题所提到的例外。

因此，CriteriaBuilder#literal(T value)在必要时始终坚持使用文字值，同时在CriteriaBuilder#selectCase()构造中使用表达式。