Hive中metastore的三种方式区别和搭建

Hive中metastore(元数据存储)的三种方式:
a)内嵌Derby方式
b)Local方式
c)Remote方式
1.本地模式(derby)
这种方式是最简单的存储方式,只需要在hive-site.xml做如下配置便可

javax.jdo.option.ConnectionURL jdbc:derby:;databaseName=metastore_db;create=true javax.jdo.option.ConnectionDriverName org.apache.derby.jdbc.EmbeddedDriver hive.metastore.local true hive.metastore.warehouse.dir /user/hive/warehouse

注:使用derby存储方式时,运行hive会在当前目录生成一个derby文件和一个metastore_db目录。这种存储方式的弊端是在同一个目录下同时只能有一个hive客户端能使用数据库,否则会提示如下错误
[html] view plaincopyprint?
hive> show tables;
FAILED: Error in metadata: javax.jdo.JDOFatalDataStoreException: Failed to start database ‘metastore_db’, see the next exception for details.
NestedThrowables:
java.sql.SQLException: Failed to start database ‘metastore_db’, see the next exception for details.
FAILED: Execution Error, return code 1 from org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.exec.DDLTask
hive> show tables;
FAILED: Error in metadata: javax.jdo.JDOFatalDataStoreException: Failed to start database ‘metastore_db’, see the next exception for details.
NestedThrowables:
java.sql.SQLException: Failed to start database ‘metastore_db’, see the next exception for details.
FAILED: Execution Error, return code 1 from org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.exec.DDLTask
2.单用户模式(mysql)
这种存储方式需要在本地运行一个mysql服务器,并作如下配置(下面两种使用mysql的方式,需要将mysql的jar包拷贝到$HIVE_HOME/lib目录下)。

hive.metastore.warehouse.dir /user/hive_remote/warehouse hive.metastore.local true javax.jdo.option.ConnectionURL jdbc:mysql://localhost/hive_remote?createDatabaseIfNotExist=true javax.jdo.option.ConnectionDriverName com.mysql.jdbc.Driver javax.jdo.option.ConnectionUserName hive javax.jdo.option.ConnectionPassword password

附:
安装mysql
Yum install mysql-server -y

修改mysql权限:
GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON . TO ‘root’@’%’ IDENTIFIED BY ‘123’ WITH GRANT OPTION;
flush privileges;
删除多余会对权限造成影响的数据
刷新权限

[ERROR] Terminal initialization failed; falling back to unsupported
java.lang.IncompatibleClassChangeError: Found class jline.Terminal, but interface was expected
at jline.TerminalFactory.create(TerminalFactory.java:101)
错误的原因: Hadoop jline版本和hive的jline不一致

3.多用户模式
1.Remote一体
这种存储方式需要在远端服务器运行一个mysql服务器,并且需要在Hive服务器启动meta服务。
这里用mysql的测试服务器,ip位192.168.1.214,新建hive_remote数据库,字符集位latine1

hive.metastore.warehouse.dir /user/hive/warehouse javax.jdo.option.ConnectionURL jdbc:mysql://192.168.57.6:3306/hive?createDatabaseIfNotExist=true javax.jdo.option.ConnectionDriverName com.mysql.jdbc.Driver javax.jdo.option.ConnectionUserName hive javax.jdo.option.ConnectionPassword password hive.metastore.local false hive.metastore.uris thrift://192.168.1.188:9083

注:这里把hive的服务端和客户端都放在同一台服务器上了。服务端和客户端可以拆开,
2.Remote分开
将hive-site.xml配置文件拆为如下两部分
1)、服务端配置文件

hive.metastore.warehouse.dir /user/hive/warehouse javax.jdo.option.ConnectionURL jdbc:mysql://192.168.57.6:3306/hive?createDatabaseIfNotExist=true javax.jdo.option.ConnectionDriverName com.mysql.jdbc.Driver javax.jdo.option.ConnectionUserName root javax.jdo.option.ConnectionPassword 123456 2)、客户端配置文件 hive.metastore.warehouse.dir /user/hive/warehouse hive.metastore.local false hive.metastore.uris thrift://192.168.57.5:9083

启动hive服务端程序
hive --service metastore

客户端直接使用hive命令即可
root@my188:~$ hive
Hive history file=/tmp/root/hive_job_log_root_201301301416_955801255.txt
hive> show tables;
OK
test_hive
Time taken: 0.736 seconds
hive>

客户端启动的时候要注意:
[ERROR] Terminal initialization failed; falling back to unsupported
java.lang.IncompatibleClassChangeError: Found class jline.Terminal, but interface was expected
at jline.TerminalFactory.create(TerminalFactory.java:101)
错误的原因: Hadoop jline版本和hive的jline不一致

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