在scrapy简单使用代理池和随机的User-Agent

在scrapy下载中间键middlewares.py中，写下如下代码，然后在设置文件settings.py设置

DOWNLOADER_MIDDLEWARES = {
   # 'testip.middlewares.TestipDownloaderMiddleware': 543,
    'testip.middlewares.RandomUserAgent': 10,
    'testip.middlewares.RandomProxy': 100
}

如何我们还就只需要在setting中添加代理ip和User-Agent

具体格式如下：

PROXIES = [
{'ip_port': '121.13.29.28:8888','user_passwd': '1'},
{'ip_port': '166.111.80.162:3128','user_passwd': '1'},
{'ip_port': '119.27.177.169:80','user_passwd': '1'},
{'ip_port': '121.58.17.52:80','user_passwd': '1'},
{'ip_port': '121.58.17.52:80','user_passwd': '1'},
{'ip_port': '140.205.222.3:80','user_passwd': '1'},
{'ip_port': '112.17.65.133:8060','user_passwd': '1'},
{'ip_port': '43.247.68.211:3128','user_passwd': '1'},
{'ip_port': '61.4.184.180:3128','user_passwd': '1'},
{'ip_port': '120.25.61.10:8080','user_passwd': '1'},
{'ip_port': '119.27.177.169:80','user_passwd': '1'},
{'ip_port': '61.135.217.7:80','user_passwd': '1'},
{'ip_port': '61.135.217.7:80','user_passwd': '1'},
{'ip_port': '124.193.37.5:8888','user_passwd': '1'},
{'ip_port': '146.185.147.157:8080','user_passwd': '1'},
{'ip_port': '143.137.146.130:8080','user_passwd': '1'},
{'ip_port': '114.215.103.121:8081','user_passwd': '1'},
{'ip_port': '101.53.101.172:9999','user_passwd': '1'},
{'ip_port': '106.75.23.58:8888','user_passwd': '1'},
{'ip_port': '114.112.104.223:80','user_passwd': '1'},
{'ip_port': '116.11.254.37:80','user_passwd': '1'},
{'ip_port': '119.28.112.130:3128','user_passwd': '1'},
{'ip_port': '119.28.26.57:3128','user_passwd': '1'},
]
USER_AGENTS = [
    "Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 9.0; Windows NT 6.1; Win64; x64; Trident/5.0; .NET CLR 3.5.30729; .NET CLR 3.0.30729; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; Media Center PC 6.0)",
    "Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 8.0; Windows NT 6.0; Trident/4.0; WOW64; Trident/4.0; SLCC2; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; .NET CLR 3.5.30729; .NET CLR 3.0.30729; .NET CLR 1.0.3705; .NET CLR 1.1.4322)",
    "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0b; Windows NT 5.2; .NET CLR 1.1.4322; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; InfoPath.2; .NET CLR 3.0.04506.30)",
    "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 5.1; zh-CN) AppleWebKit/523.15 (KHTML, like Gecko, Safari/419.3) Arora/0.3 (Change: 287 c9dfb30)",
    "Mozilla/5.0 (X11; U; Linux; en-US) AppleWebKit/527+ (KHTML, like Gecko, Safari/419.3) Arora/0.6",
    "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 5.1; en-US; rv:1.8.1.2pre) Gecko/20070215 K-Ninja/2.1.1",
    "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 5.1; zh-CN; rv:1.9) Gecko/20080705 Firefox/3.0 Kapiko/3.0",
    "Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux i686; U;) Gecko/20070322 Kazehakase/0.4.5"
    ]

这些都是免费ip,可以在网上找到，推荐使用爬虫来维护一个代理池，明天写一个利用Flask和redis数据库

来维护的代理池，如何就可以直接使用中间件访问数据库来拿取ip

对于USER_AGENTS可以直接拿去使用

import random
import base64
from scrapy import signals
from testip.settings import USER_AGENTS
from testip.settings import PROXIES

# 随机的User-Agent
class RandomUserAgent(object):
    def process_request(self, request, spider):
        useragent = random.choice(USER_AGENTS)

        request.headers.setdefault("User-Agent", useragent)

class RandomProxy(object):
    def process_request(self, request, spider):
        proxy = random.choice(PROXIES)

        if proxy['user_passwd'] == '1':
            # 没有代理账户验证的代理使用方式

            request.meta['proxy'] = "http://" + proxy['ip_port']
        else:
            # 对账户密码进行base64编码转换
            base64_userpasswd = base64.b64encode(proxy['user_passwd'])
            # 对应到代理服务器的信令格式里
            request.headers['Proxy-Authorization'] = 'Basic ' + base64_userpasswd
            request.meta['proxy'] = "http://" + proxy['ip_port']