spring的自动装配功能的定义:无须在Spring配置文件中描述javaBean之间的依赖关系(如配置
如果没有采用自动装配的话,手动装配我们通常在配置文件中进行实现:一下代码就是手动装配:
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<
beans
xmlns
=
"http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi
=
"http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd">
<
bean
id
=
"customerDAO"
class
=
"com.hebeu.customer.dao.JdbcCustomerDAO"
>
<
property
name
=
"dataSource"
ref
=
"dataSource"
/>
bean
>
beans
>
|
通过
在Spring框架,可以用 auto-wiring 功能会自动装配Bean。要启用它,只需要在
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<
bean
id
=
"customer"
class
=
"com.yiibai.common.Customer"
autowire
=
"byName"
/>
|
在Spring中,支持 5 自动装配模式。
第一种自动装配【根据属性名称自动装配】
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package
com.hebeu.model;
public
class
Customer {
private
Address address;
public
Customer() {
}
public
Customer(
int
id, Address address) {
super
();
this
.address = address;
}
public
Address getAddress() {
return
address;
}
public
void
setAddress(Address address) {
this
.address = address;
}
}
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package
com.hebeu.model;
public
class
Address {
private
String fulladdress;
public
Address(){
}
public
Address(String addr){
this
.fulladdress = addr;
}
public
String getFulladdress() {
return
fulladdress;
}
public
void
setFulladdress(String fulladdress) {
this
.fulladdress = fulladdress;
}
}
|
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<
beans
xmlns
=
"http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi
=
"http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd">
<
bean
id
=
"customer"
class
=
"com.hebeu.model.Customer"
autowire
=
"byName"
>
bean
>
<
bean
id
=
"address"
class
=
"com.hebeu.model.Address"
>
<
property
name
=
"fulladdress"
value
=
"YiLong Road, CA 188"
>
property
>
bean
>
beans
>
|
这样就将address注入到Customer中。这就是自动注入ByName.在Customer bean中公开了一个属性address,Spring容器会找到address bean,并且装配。这里必须要注意,Customer中要被注入的bean的set方法要求必须是public的,否则会报空指针异常。还有配置的bean的id必须和Customer中声明的变量名相同。
第二种自动装配【根据数据类型自动装配】
声明的俩个bean同样为Customer以及Address,将applicationContext.xml转换为这样的就是实现根据数据类型进行自动装配。
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<
beans
xmlns
=
"http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi
=
"http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd">
<
bean
id
=
"customer"
class
=
"com.hebeu.model.Customer"
<
span
style
=
"color:#FF0000;"
>autowire="byType"
span
>
strong
>>
bean
>
<
bean
id
=
"bean1"
class
=
"com.hebeu.model.Address"
>
<
property
name
=
"fulladdress"
value
=
"YiLong Road, CA 188"
>
property
>
bean
>
beans
>
|
类型自动装配的意思是如果一个bean的数据类型与其他的bean属性的数据类型相同,将会自动兼容装配它。当然要求只能配置一个某一个类型的bean.如果配置成这样,那么是会出错的。
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<
beans
xmlns
=
"http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi
=
"http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd">
<
bean
id
=
"customer"
class
=
"com.hebeu.model.Customer"
autowire
=
"byType"
>
bean
>
<
bean
id
=
"bean1"
class
=
"com.hebeu.model.Address"
>
<
property
name
=
"fulladdress"
value
=
"YiLong Road, CA 188"
>
property
>
bean
>
<
bean
id
=
"bean2"
class
=
"com.hebeu.model.Address"
>
<
property
name
=
"fulladdress"
value
=
"YiLong Road, CA 188"
>
property
>
bean
>
beans
>
|
第三种自动装配【根据构造方法自动装配】
案例同上,将applicationContext.xml转换为如下,就实现了按照构造方法自动装配:
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<
beans
xmlns
=
"http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi
=
"http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd">
<
bean
id
=
"customer"
class
=
"com.hebeu.model.Customer"
>
<
constructor-arg
>
<
ref
bean
=
"bean1"
/>
constructor-arg
>
bean
>
<
bean
id
=
"bean1"
class
=
"com.hebeu.model.Address"
>
<
property
name
=
"fulladdress"
value
=
"YiLong Road, CA 188"
>
property
>
bean
>
beans
>
|
它实际上是构造函数的参数类型自动装配。这意味着如果一个bean的数据类型与其他bean的构造器参数的数据类型是相同的,那么就自动装配。
以上就是本文的全部内容,希望对大家的学习有所帮助,也希望大家多多支持脚本之家。
原文链接:http://blog.csdn.net/qq_28663043/article/details/56495501?locationNum=2&fps=1